Spring Cloud微服务笔记（五）Feign

Feign

一、Feign概述

Feign是一个声明式的Web Service客户端。在Spring Cloud 中使用Feign，可以做到

使用HTTP请求访问远程服务，就像调用本地方法一样，同时它整合了Ribbon和Hystrix。

入门案例：

主要依赖：

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Cloud OpenFeign的Starter的依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

主入口程序注解：

@SpringBootApplication
//该注解表示当程序启动时，会进行包扫描，扫描所有带@FeignClient的注解类并进行处理
@EnableFeignClients
public class SpringCloudFeignApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudFeignApplication.class, args);
    }
}

config:

@Configuration
public class HelloFeignServiceConfig {
    @Bean
    Logger.Level feignLoggerLevel() {
        return Logger.Level.FULL;
    }
}

FeignClient:

/**
 * url = "https://api.github.com",该调用地址用于根据传入的字符串搜索github上的
 * 仓库信息。HellFeignService最终会根据指定的URL和@RequestMapping对应方法，转换成最终
 * 请求地址： https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q=spring-cloud-dubbo 
 * @FeignClient中name:指定FeignClient名称，如果项目使用了Ribbon，该名称会用户服务发现
 * configuration:Feign配置类，可以自定义Feign的Encoder、Decoder、LogLevel
 * fallback:定义容错处理类，当调用远程接口失败时，会调用接口的容错逻辑，fallback指定的类必须实现@FeignClient标记接口。
 * fallbackFactory: 用于生成fallback类示例，可实现每个接口的通用容错逻辑，减少重复代码。
 * @author Tang Jiujia
 * @since 2019-03-26
 */
@FeignClient(name = "github-client", url = "https://api.github.com",
        configuration = HelloFeignServiceConfig.class)
public interface HelloFeignService {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/search/repositories", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    String searchRepo(@RequestParam("q") String queryStr);
}

controller:

@RestController
public class HelloFeignController {

    @Autowired
    HelloFeignService helloFeignService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/search/github")
    public String searchGithubRepoByStr(@RequestParam("str") String queryStr) {
        return helloFeignService.searchRepo(queryStr);
    }
}

启动，浏览器输入：http://localhost:8012/search/github?str=spring-cloud-dubbo

二、Feign工作原理

主程序入口添加@EnableFeignClients注解---->定义FeignClient接口并添加@FeignClients/@FeignClient注解--->

程序启动扫描所有拥有@FeignClients/@FeignClient注解的接口并将这些信息注入Spring IOC容器--->定义的FeignClient

接口中的方法被调用---->通过JDK代理为每个接口方法生成RequestTemplate对象（该对象封装了HTTP请求需要的全部信息）

---->由RequestTemplate对象生成Request--->Request交给Client（URLConnection、Http Client等）处理--->Client被封装

到LoadBalanceClient类，这个类结合Ribbon负载均衡发起服务之间的调用。

三、Feign基础功能

1.开启GZIP压缩

Spring Cloud Feign支持对响应和请求进行GZIP压缩，以提高通信效率。

通过application.yml配置：

feign:
    compression:
        request:
            enabled: true
            mime-types: text/xml,application/xml,application/json # 配置压缩支持的MIME TYPE
            min-request-size: 2048  # 配置压缩数据大小的下限
        response:
            enabled: true # 配置响应GZIP压缩

由于开启GZIP压缩后，Feign之间的调用通过二进制协议进行传输，返回值需要修改为ResponseEntity<byte[]>，

才可以正常显示：

@FeignClient(name = "github-client", url = "https://api.github.com", configuration = FeignGzipConfig.class)
public interface FeignClinet {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/search/repositories", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    ResponseEntity<byte[]> searchRepo(@RequestParam("q") String queryStr);
}

2.开启日志

application.yml:

logging:
     level:
       cn.springcloud.book.feign.service.HelloFeignService: debug

配置类：

@Bean
    Logger.Level feignLoggerLevel() {
        return Logger.Level.FULL;
    }

四、Feign实战应用

1.Feign默认Client的替换

Feign默认使用的是JDK原生的URLConnection发送HTTP请求，没有连接池。

1）使用HTTP Client替换默认Client

依赖：

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.netflix.feign</groupId>
            <artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>8.17.0</version>
        </dependency>

application.yml:

server:
  port: 8010
spring:
  application:
    name: ch4-3-httpclient

feign:
  httpclient:
      enabled: true

2.使用okhttp替换Feign默认的Client

依赖：

<dependency>
     <groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
     <artifactId>feign-okhttp</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml:

server:
  port: 8011
spring:
  application:
    name: okhttp


feign:
    httpclient:
         enabled: false
    okhttp:
         enabled: true

构建自定义的OkHttpClient:

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(Feign.class)
@AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class)
public class FeignOkHttpConfig {
    @Bean
    public okhttp3.OkHttpClient okHttpClient() {
        return new okhttp3.OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .writeTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .retryOnConnectionFailure(true)
                .connectionPool(new ConnectionPool())
                .build();
    }
}

3.Feign的Post和Get的多参数传递

SpringMVC是支持GET方法直接绑定POJO的，但是Feign的实现并没有覆盖所有的SpringMVC功能。

最佳解决方式，通过Feign拦截器的方式处理：

1）通过实现Feign的RequestInterceptor中的apply方法进行统一拦截转换处理Feign

中的GET方法参数传递的问题。

@Component
public class FeignRequestInterceptor implements RequestInterceptor{

    @Autowired
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    @Override
    public void apply(RequestTemplate template) {
        // feign 不支持 GET 方法传 POJO, json body转query
        if (template.method().equals("GET") && template.body() != null) {
            try {
                JsonNode jsonNode = objectMapper.readTree(template.body());
                template.body(null);

                HashMap<String, Collection<String>> queries = new HashMap<>();
                buildQuery(jsonNode, "", queries);
                template.queries(queries);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void buildQuery(JsonNode jsonNode, String path,
                            Map<String, Collection<String>> queries) {
        if (!jsonNode.isContainerNode()) {
            if (jsonNode.isNull()) {
                return;
            }
            Collection<String> values = queries.get(path);
            if (null == values) {
                values = new ArrayList<>();
                queries.put(path, values);
            }
            values.add(jsonNode.asText());
            return;
        }
        if (jsonNode.isArray()) {   // 数组节点
            Iterator<JsonNode> it = jsonNode.elements();
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                buildQuery(it.next(), path, queries);
            }
        } else {
            Iterator<Map.Entry<String, JsonNode>> it = jsonNode.fields();
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                Map.Entry<String, JsonNode> entry = it.next();
                if (StringUtils.hasText(path)) {
                    buildQuery(entry.getValue(), path + "." + entry.getKey(), queries);
                } else {  // 根节点
                    buildQuery(entry.getValue(), entry.getKey(), queries);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

2)集成Swagger2用于多参数传递：

@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class Swagger2Config {

    @Bean
    public Docket createRestApi() {
        return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2).apiInfo(apiInfo()).select()
                .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors
                        .basePackage("com.demon.feign"))
                .paths(PathSelectors.any()).build();
    }

    private ApiInfo apiInfo() {
        return new ApiInfoBuilder().title("Feign多参数传递问题").description("Feign多参数传递问题")
                .contact("Software_King@qq.com").version("1.0").build();
    }
}

3）消费者：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserFeignService userFeignService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String addUser(@RequestBody @ApiParam(name="用户",
            value="传入json格式",required=true) User user) {
        return userFeignService.addUser(user);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/update", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String updateUser( @RequestBody @ApiParam(name="用户",value="传入json格式",required=true) User user){
        return userFeignService.updateUser(user);
    }
}

4）Feign Client:

@FeignClient(name = "provider")
public interface UserFeignService {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/user/add", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String addUser(User user);

    @RequestMapping(value = "/user/update", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String updateUser(@RequestBody User user);
}

5)服务提供者：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String addUser(User user , HttpServletRequest request){
        String token=request.getHeader("oauthToken");
        return "hello,"+user.getName();
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/update", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String updateUser( @RequestBody User user){
        return "hello,"+user.getName();
    }
}