创建磁盘分区
- 查看磁盘分区情况：fdisk -l
[root@model ~]# fdisk -l //查看系统中所有磁盘的分区列表 Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000da34b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 591871 294912 83 Linux /dev/sda2 591872 189335551 94371840 83 Linux /dev/sda3 189335552 209715199 10189824 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 bytes, 2147483648 sectors //sdb磁盘未分区，1099.5GB Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x3238f946 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 8334 MB, 8334082048 bytes, 16277504 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes
- 创建主分区
[root@model ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): m //查看菜单信息 Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition g create a new empty GPT partition table G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): n //新增分区 Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) //主分区 e extended //扩展分区 Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 //选择分区号，范围为1~4(主分区和扩展分区加起来最多只能建立 4 个，而扩展分区最多只能建立 1 个)，这里选择1
First sector (2048-2147483647, default 2048): 2048 //分区的起始扇面，默认从2048开始 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2147483647, default 2147483647): +10G //指定该磁盘分区的大小，默认占用整个磁盘；这里用 +size{K,M,G} 命令指定 10G Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set Command (m for help): p //打印当前磁盘的分区列表 Disk /dev/sdb: 1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 bytes, 2147483648 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x3238f946 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 20973567 10485760 83 Linux Command (m for help): w //将本次配置写入硬盘 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
[root@model ~]# lsblk //lsblk 列表查看block分区
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 288M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 90G 0 part /
└─sda3 8:3 0 9.7G 0 part
├─centos-pool00_tmeta 253:0 0 8M 0 lvm
│ └─centos-pool00-tpool 253:2 0 7.8G 0 lvm
│ ├─centos-swap 253:3 0 7.8G 0 lvm [SWAP]
│ └─centos-pool00 253:4 0 7.8G 1 lvm
└─centos-pool00_tdata 253:1 0 7.8G 0 lvm
└─centos-pool00-tpool 253:2 0 7.8G 0 lvm
├─centos-swap 253:3 0 7.8G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-pool00 253:4 0 7.8G 1 lvm
sdb 8:16 0 1T 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part //找到新建的分区/dev/sdb1
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
新建的分区还没有格式化和挂载，所以还不能使用。用上述方法依次创建2、3号主分区，并预留4号分区作为扩展分区。
- 创建扩展分区
[root@model ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n //新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended
Select (default e): e //选择扩展分区
Selected partition 4
First sector (62916608-2147483647, default 62916608): //默认起始扇面
Using default value 62916608
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (62916608-2147483647, default 2147483647): //默认将剩余全部空间分配给该扩展分区
Using default value 2147483647
Partition 4 of type Extended and of size 994 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w //将本次设置写入磁盘
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
这里把 /dev/sdb 硬盘的所有剩余空间都建立为扩展分区，也就是建立 3 个主分区，剩余空间都建立成扩展分区，再于扩展分区中建立逻辑分区。扩展分区是不能被格式化和直接使用的，所以还要在扩展分区内部再建立逻辑分区。
- 创建逻辑分区
[root@model ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): n //新建分区 All primary partitions are in use Adding logical partition 5 //所有主分区已分配完，默认新建逻辑分区，从分区号从 5 开始 First sector (62918656-2147483647, default 62918656): //起始扇面 Using default value 62918656 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (62918656-2147483647, default 2147483647): +5G //指定逻辑分区的大小为 5G Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is setCommand (m for help): w //保存设置 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
所有分区过程中如果不保存并退出是不会生效的，所以建立错了也没有关系，使用 q 命令不保存退出即可。如果使用了 w 命令，就会保存退出。有时因为系统的分区表正忙，所以需要重新启动系统才能使新的分区表生效。
- 格式化分区
[root@model ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 //将分区/dev/sdb1的文件类型格式化为xfs mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 655360 inodes, 2621440 blocks 131072 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2151677952 80 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done ------------- 修改磁盘分区的文件类型 ----------------- [root@model ~]# blkid /dev/sdb6 //查看 /dev/sdb6 的 UUID 和 文件类型 /dev/sdb6: UUID="89f4f8e4-0592-4e91-9064-7388152fec32" TYPE="xfs" [root@model ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb6 //将逻辑分区的文件类型从 xfs 修改为 ext4, 如果是从 ext4 修改为 xfs 需要在 命令后加 ‘-f’ 强制修改 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks 65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280 40 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@model ~]# blkid /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb6: UUID="846373a4-35b0-4988-9574-a508da3906f2" TYPE="ext4"
挂载磁盘分区
[root@model ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /usr/exdata1 //将 /dev/sdb1 磁盘分区挂载到新建的挂载点 /usr/exdata1 上 [root@model ~]# df -T -h | grep /dev/sdb1 //查看 该分区是否已挂载 Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb1 ext4 9.8G 37M 9.2G 1% /usr/exdata1 [root@model ~]# vim /etc/fstab //修改fstab配置文件，将该磁盘分区设置为开机自动挂载 # Add command by Kay.sun in 2020/9/29 16:58 //在配置文件中添加一行命令 /dev/sdb1 /usr/exdata1 xfs defaults 1 2 // /dev/sdb1 选择一个分区；xfs 是当前分区的格式; defaults = rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, and async; 1 需要 dump；0 不需要 dump; 2 开机时检查顺序，非 boot 文件系统为 1，其它文件系统都为 2
[root@model ~]# df -h | grep /dev/sdb1 //重启后再次查看分区挂载情况，发现已经自动挂载~]# umount /usr/
删除磁盘分区
[root@model ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): d //删除分区 Partition number (1-6, default 6): 6 //选择待删除的分区号 Partition 6 is deleted Command (m for help): w //保存设置 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.