Chirp Z-Transform
题目链接:luogu P6800
题目大意
给你一个多项式和 c,m,要你求把 c^0,c^1,...c,^m-1 分别带入多项式得到的值。
思路
考虑把答案也看做是多项式:
(ans_i=F(c^i)=sumlimits_{j=0}^{n-1}a_jc^{ij})
然后又一个东西是:(ij=inom{i+j}{2}-inom{i}{2}-inom{j}{2})
简单证明:
(inom{i+j}{2}-inom{i}{2}-inom{j}{2}=dfrac{(i+j)(i+j-1)-i(i-1)-j(j-1)}{2})
(=dfrac{i^2+ij-i+ij+j^2-j-i^2+i-j^2+j}{2}=dfrac{2ij}{2}=ij)
然后带入:
(ans_i=F(c^i)=sumlimits_{j=0}^{n-1}a_jc^{ij})
(=sumlimits_{j=0}^{n-1}a_jc^{inom{i+j}{2}-inom{i}{2}-inom{j}{2}})
(=c^{-inom{i}{2}}sumlimits_{j=0}^{n-1}a_jc^{inom{i+j}{2}}c^{-inom{j}{2}})
然后发现右边这个部分可以直接卷起来,可以用 NTT 搞。
然后接着是求 (c) 的要用的次方项,每次都 (log) 太慢了,我们可以用预处理光速乘或者两边前缀和搞得出它。
两边阶乘的原理是 (dfrac{x(x-1)}{2}=dfrac{(x-1)((x-1)+1)}{2}=1+2+...+n-1),然后就可以两边前缀和搞了。
你可以 (a_jc^{-inom{j}{2}}) 弄一个多项式(系数变成 (n-j)),然后 (c^{inom{i+j}{2}}) 弄一个多项式(系数就是这个),然后加了之后就是我们要的第 (i) 项了。(外面那个 (c^{-inom{i}{2}}) 最后输出的时候乘上即可)
代码
#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#define ll long long
#define mo 998244353
using namespace std;
int n, m, nm, limit, l_size;
int an[3000001];
ll a[3000001], c, invc, G, Gv;
ll jc[3000001], inv[3000001];
ll g[3000001];
ll ksm(ll x, ll y) {
ll re = 1;
while (y) {
if (y & 1) re = re * x % mo;
x = x * x % mo;
y >>= 1;
}
return re;
}
void NTT(ll *now, int op) {//NTT
for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++)
if (i < an[i]) swap(now[i], now[an[i]]);
for (int mid = 1; mid < limit; mid <<= 1) {
ll Wn = ksm(op == 1 ? G : Gv, (mo - 1) / (mid << 1));
for (int R = (mid << 1), j = 0; j < limit; j += R) {
ll w = 1;
for (int k = 0; k < mid; k++, w = w * Wn % mo) {
ll x = now[j + k], y = w * now[j + mid + k] % mo;
now[j + k] = (x + y) % mo;
now[j + mid + k] = (x - y + mo) % mo;
}
}
}
}
int main() {
scanf("%d %lld %d", &n, &c, &m); nm = max(n, m);
invc = ksm(c, mo - 2);//两次前缀和求出 n*(n-1)/2 次方的阶乘以及它的逆元
jc[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n + m; i++) jc[i] = jc[i - 1] * c % mo;
for (int i = 1; i <= n + m; i++) jc[i] = jc[i - 1] * jc[i] % mo;
inv[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= nm; i++) inv[i] = inv[i - 1] * invc % mo;
for (int i = 1; i <= nm; i++) inv[i] = inv[i - 1] * inv[i] % mo;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%lld", &a[n - i]), a[n - i] = a[n - i] * (i ? inv[i - 1] : 1) % mo;
for (int i = 0; i <= n + m; i++) g[i] = i ? jc[i - 1] : 1;
limit = 1;
while (limit <= n + m) {
limit <<= 1;
l_size++;
}
for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++)
an[i] = (an[i >> 1] >> 1) | ((i & 1) << (l_size - 1));
G = 3;
Gv = ksm(G, mo - 2);
NTT(a, 1); NTT(g, 1);
for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++)
a[i] = a[i] * g[i] % mo;
NTT(a, -1);
ll liv = ksm(limit, mo - 2);
for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++) a[i] = a[i] * liv % mo;
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
printf("%lld ", a[i + n] * (i ? inv[i - 1] : 1) % mo);
}
return 0;
}