爬虫大作业

我爬取的是新浪新闻，打开网页链接http://news.sina.com.cn/china/：

打开网页获取需要的链接：，然后开始做项目。

1，获取评论数：

def getCommentsCounts(newsurl):
    bianhao = re.search('doc-i(.+).shtml', newsurl)
    newsid=bianhao.group(1)
    comment=requests.get(commentURL.format(newsid))
    jd = json.loads(comment.text)
    counts=jd['result']['count']['total']
    return counts

2 获取新闻内容：

def getNewsDetail(newsurl):
    result = {}
    res=requests.get(newsurl)
    res.encoding='utf-8'
    soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
    # 获取标题
    result['title']=soup.select(".main-title")[0].text
    # 来源
    result['newssources'] = soup.select('.source')[0].text
    # 时间
    result['timesource'] = soup.select('.date')[0].text
    # 编辑
    result['editor']=soup.select('.show_author')[0].text.strip('责任编辑：')[-1]
    # 评论数
    result['comments']=getCommentsCounts(url)
    # 内容
    result['contents']= soup.select('.article')[0].text.strip()
    # writeNewsContent(content)
    return str(result['contents'])

　3 保存为txt：

def writeNewsContent(content):
    f=open('news.txt','a',encoding='utf-8')
    f.write(content)
    f.close()

  得到txt文本：

4 词频分析并生成词云：

for c in sep:
    news = news.replace(c, ' ')
wordList = list(jieba.cut(news))
wordDict = {}
words = list(set(wordList) - exclude)

for w in range(0, len(words)):
    wordDict[words[w]] = news.count(str(words[w]))

dictList = list(wordDict.items())
dictList.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
cy = {}
f = open('news.txt', 'a', encoding="utf-8")
for i in range(1000):
    print(dictList[i])
    f.write(dictList[i][0] + ':' + str(dictList[i][1]) + '
')
    cy[dictList[i][0]] = dictList[i][1]
f.close()

font = r'C:WindowsFontswb.ttf'
image = Image.open('./wordcloud.jpg')
graph = np.array(image)
wc = WordCloud(font_path=font, background_color='White', max_words=50, mask=graph)
wc.generate_from_frequencies(cy)
image_color = ImageColorGenerator(graph)
plt.imshow(wc)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

　得到词云图片：

在做大作业的过程中，遇到的主要问题还是在安装wordcloud上，出现了Fatal error in launcher: Unable to create process using '"'的问题，当然不止这个问题，只是最后才找到这个关键的问题，这个问题后来困扰了我两天时间，于是我开始了与wordcloud的对抗。查了各种资料，最后终于在一篇博文（https://blog.csdn.net/testcs_dn/article/details/54176504）上找到了解决这个问题的答案。先升级pip，嗯，第一遍不知道为啥不成功，还好又试了一个，很好，成功了。

然后，就下载whl，接着安装，这里就不说了哈，百度上有。最后贴上代码：。

大作业代码：

import requests
import json
import re
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import jieba
# 获取评论数
def getCommentsCounts(newsurl):
    bianhao = re.search('doc-i(.+).shtml', newsurl)
    newsid=bianhao.group(1)
    comment=requests.get(commentURL.format(newsid))
    jd = json.loads(comment.text)
    counts=jd['result']['count']['total']
    return counts

def getNewsDetail(newsurl):
    result = {}
    res=requests.get(newsurl)
    res.encoding='utf-8'
    soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
    # 获取标题
    result['title']=soup.select(".main-title")[0].text
    # 来源
    result['newssources'] = soup.select('.source')[0].text
    # 时间
    result['timesource'] = soup.select('.date')[0].text
    # 编辑
    result['editor']=soup.select('.show_author')[0].text.strip('责任编辑：')[-1]
    # 评论数
    result['comments']=getCommentsCounts(url)
    # 内容
    result['contents']= soup.select('.article')[0].text.strip()
    # writeNewsContent(content)
    return str(result['contents'])
# 保为 txt
def writeNewsContent(content):
    f=open('news.txt','a',encoding='utf-8')
    f.write(content)
    f.close()

def parseListLinks(url):
    newsdetails=[]
    res=requests.get(url)
    jss = res.text.lstrip('  newsloadercallback(').rstrip(');')
    jd = json.loads(jss)
    for news in jd['result']['data']:
        allURL=news['url']
        newsdetails.append(getNewsDetail(allURL).split())
    writeNewsContent(str(newsdetails))
    return newsdetails

commentURL = 'http://comment5.news.sina.com.cn/page/info?version=1
    &format=json&channel=gn&newsid=comos-{}&group=undefined&
    compress=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&page=1&page_size=3'
url='http://news.sina.com.cn/c/zj/2018-04-20/doc-ifzihneq2559172.shtml'
listURL='http://api.roll.news.sina.com.cn/zt_list?channel=news&cat_1=gnxw&cat_2==gdxw1||=gatxw||=zs-pl||=mtjj&level==1||=2&show_ext=1&show_all=1&show_num=22&tag=1&format=json&page={}&
callback=newsloadercallback&_=1524705663198'
news_total=[]
for i in range(1,2):
    newssurl=listURL.format(i)
    newsary=parseListLinks(newssurl)
    news_total.extend(newsary)
print(len(news_total))

   

import jieba
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from wordcloud import WordCloud,ImageColorGenerator

f = open('content.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8')
news = f.read()
f.close()

sep = '''，。‘’“”：；（）！？、《》[] '''
exclude = {'的','下','中','就','是','■'}

jieba.add_word('中国芯')
jieba.add_word('倪光南')
jieba.add_word('梁宁')
jieba.add_word('沈静文')
jieba.add_word('宋爽')
jieba.add_word('冯志远')
jieba.add_word('霍宇昂')
jieba.add_word('杨冠宇')
jieba.add_word('杨渡')

for c in sep:
    news = news.replace(c, ' ')
wordList = list(jieba.cut(news))
wordDict = {}
words = list(set(wordList) - exclude)

for w in range(0, len(words)):
    wordDict[words[w]] = news.count(str(words[w]))

dictList = list(wordDict.items())
dictList.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
cy = {}
f = open('news.txt', 'a', encoding="utf-8")
for i in range(1000):
    print(dictList[i])
    f.write(dictList[i][0] + ':' + str(dictList[i][1]) + '
')
    cy[dictList[i][0]] = dictList[i][1]
f.close()

font = r'C:WindowsFontswb.ttf'
image = Image.open('./wordcloud.jpg')
graph = np.array(image)
wc = WordCloud(font_path=font, background_color='White', max_words=50, mask=graph)
wc.generate_from_frequencies(cy)
image_color = ImageColorGenerator(graph)
plt.imshow(wc)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

　词云底片：

生成的词云：