一、画笔
在画布上，默认画布中心为坐标原点，且隐藏着一个直角坐标系，小海龟的初始正方向规定为X轴的正方向。使用小海龟绘图时，确定方向与距离进行绘制图像。
1.画笔自身属性
| 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| turtle.pensize() | 设置画笔的宽度 |
| turtle.pencolor() | 设置画笔的颜色，可以使用“black”“red”或者RGB3元组 |
| turtle.speed() | 设置画笔的移动速度，参数的范围在[0,10]之间的整数，数字越大，速度越快 |
2.画笔运动属性
| 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| turtle.forward(distance) | 向当前画笔方向移动distance像素长 |
| turtle.backward(distance) | 向当前画笔相反方向移动distance像素长度 |
| turtle.right(degree) | 顺时针移动degree° |
| turtle.left(degree) | 逆时针移动degree° |
| turtle.pendown() | 移动时绘制图形,缺省时也为绘制 |
| turtle.goto(x,y) | 将画笔移动到坐标为x,y的位置 |
| turtle.penup() | 移动时不绘制图形,提起笔，用于另起一个地方绘制时用 |
| turtle.speed(speed) | 画笔绘制的速度范围[0,10]整数 |
| turtle.circle() | 画圆,半径为正(负),表示圆心在画笔的左边(右边)画圆 |
3.画笔的控制命令
| 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| turtle.pensize(width) | 绘制图形时的宽度 |
| turtle.pencolor() | 画笔颜色 |
| turtle.fillcolor(colorstring) | 绘制图形的填充颜色 |
| turtle.color(color1, color2) | 同时设置pencolor=color1, fillcolor=color2 |
| turtle.filling() | 返回当前是否在填充状态 |
| turtle.begin_fill() | 准备开始填充图形 |
| turtle.end_fill() | 填充完成； |
| turtle.hideturtle() | 隐藏箭头显示； |
| turtle.showturtle() | 与hideturtle()函数对应 |
4.其他操作：
turtle.hideturtle() # 隐藏小海龟画笔 turtle.mainloop() # 保留最后图像
二、图像展示
1.Mercedes LOGO
奔驰标志 1.0
奔驰标志 2.0
奔驰标志 3.0
附 3.0版本代码如下：
import turtle as t import time R = 150 r = R - 10 t.pensize(10) t.color("black","white") t.speed(10) t.circle(R,360) # 画圆圈 t.penup() t.left(90) t.forward(R) t.pensize(1) t.pendown() t.forward(R) t.pensize(1) t.fillcolor("black") # 左侧三角形 t.begin_fill() t.left(170) t.forward(r) t.right(180) t.forward(r) t.right(170) t.forward(R) t.right(60) t.forward(R) t.right(170) t.forward(r) t.end_fill() # 下面三角形 t.right(180) t.forward(r) t.begin_fill() t.left(160) t.forward(r) t.right(180) t.forward(r) t.right(170) t.forward(R) t.right(60) t.forward(R) t.right(170) t.forward(r) t.end_fill() # 右边三角形 t.right(180) t.forward(r) t.begin_fill() t.left(160) t.forward(r) t.right(180) t.forward(r) t.right(170) t.forward(R) t.right(60) t.forward(R) t.right(170) t.forward(r) t.end_fill() t.hideturtle() # 隐藏小海龟画笔 t.mainloop() # 保留图像
3.0代码改进版（感谢@Hui_101 提供）
import turtle as t R = 150 r = R - 10 t.color('black','red') t.speed(10) t.pensize(10) t.circle(R,360) t.left(90) t.penup() t.pensize(1) t.forward(300) t.pendown() t.begin_fill() t.left(170) t.forward(r) t.right(40) t.forward(r) t.left(160) t.forward(r) t.right(40) t.forward(r) t.left(160) t.forward(r) t.right(40) t.forward(r) t.end_fill() t.hideturtle() t.mainloop()
2. 画方格
# 画方格
import turtle as t
t.pensize(1)
for i in range(1,300,2):
t.left(90)
t.fd(i*2)
3.来盘蚊香
import turtle as t
import time
R = 150
t.speed(100)
t.pensize(3)
t.color("blue")
for i in range(50):
t.circle(R-i*3, 180)
4.Tencent LOGO
公企鹅效果图
母企鹅效果图
附企鹅代码：
import turtle import time def head(): #配置画笔属性 turtle.fillcolor("black") turtle.color("black") turtle.colormode(255) turtle.speed(1) #绘制母企鹅头部 turtle.penup() turtle.goto(-300,350) turtle.seth(0) turtle.pendown() turtle.begin_fill() turtle.circle(-200,-110) turtle.penup() turtle.goto(-300,350) turtle.pendown() turtle.seth(0) turtle.circle(-200,110) turtle.seth(213) turtle.circle(-345,66) turtle.end_fill() def lefteye(): #配置画笔属性 turtle.Turtle().screen.delay(0) turtle.fillcolor("white") turtle.speed(1) turtle.colormode(255) #绘制母企鹅的左眼 turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-350,275) turtle.seth(180) turtle.pd() turtle.begin_fill() #画椭圆 a=1.0 for i in range(120): if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90: a=a+0.08 turtle.lt(3) #向左转3度 turtle.fd(a) #向前走a的步长 else: a=a-0.08 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) turtle.pu() turtle.end_fill() #绘制左眼眼影 turtle.begin_fill() turtle.fillcolor("pink") turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-378,255) turtle.pendown() turtle.color("pink") turtle.seth(15) turtle.circle(-100,35) turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-350,275) turtle.seth(180) a=1 for i in range(20): if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90: a=a+0.08 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) else: a=a-0.08 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) turtle.goto(-350,275) turtle.seth(0) a=1 for i in range(20): if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90: a=a+0.08 turtle.rt(3) turtle.fd(a) else: a=a-0.08 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) turtle.pu() turtle.end_fill() #绘制睫毛 turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-350,275) turtle.seth(180) turtle.pd() a=1 for i in range(20): if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90: a=a+0.08 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) else: a=a-0.08 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) turtle.pensize(3) turtle.color(242,156,177) turtle.circle(-20,190) turtle.pensize(1) #绘制母企鹅的左眼珠 turtle.color("black") turtle.fillcolor("black") turtle.begin_fill() turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-330,245) turtle.seth(180) turtle.pd() turtle.begin_fill() a=0.01 for i in range(120): if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90: a=a+0.05 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) else: a=a-0.05 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) turtle.pu() turtle.end_fill() def righteye(): #配置画笔属性 turtle.Turtle().screen.delay(0) turtle.fillcolor("white") turtle.speed(1) turtle.colormode(255) #绘制母企鹅的右眼 turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-250,275) turtle.seth(180) turtle.pd() turtle.begin_fill() a=1.0 for i in range(120): if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90: a=a+0.08 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) else: a=a-0.08 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) turtle.pu() turtle.end_fill() #绘制右眼眼影 turtle.begin_fill() turtle.fillcolor("pink") turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-278,255) turtle.pendown() turtle.color("pink") turtle.seth(15) turtle.circle(-100,35) turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-250,275) turtle.seth(180) a=1 for i in range(20): if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90: a=a+0.08 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) else: a=a-0.08 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) turtle.goto(-250,275) turtle.seth(0) a=1 for i in range(20): if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90: a=a+0.08 turtle.rt(3) turtle.fd(a) else: a=a-0.08 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) turtle.pu() turtle.end_fill() #绘制睫毛 turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-250,275) turtle.seth(0) turtle.pd() a=1 for i in range(20): if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90: a=a+0.08 turtle.rt(3) #向左转3度 turtle.fd(a) #向前走a的步长 else: a=a-0.08 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) turtle.pensize(3) turtle.color(242,156,177) turtle.circle(20,190) turtle.pensize(1) #绘制母企鹅的右眼珠 turtle.color("black") turtle.fillcolor("black") turtle.begin_fill() turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-270,245) turtle.seth(180) turtle.pd() turtle.begin_fill() a=0.01 for i in range(120): if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90: a=a+0.05 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) else: a=a-0.05 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) turtle.pu() turtle.end_fill() def mouth(): #配置画笔属性 turtle.fillcolor((250,175,8)) turtle.color((250,175,8)) turtle.speed(1) turtle.colormode(255) #绘制母企鹅的嘴巴 turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-410,120) turtle.seth(30) turtle.pd() turtle.begin_fill() turtle.circle(-225,60) turtle.circle(-8,150) turtle.seth(210) turtle.circle(-225,60) turtle.seth(-210) turtle.circle(-8,150) turtle.pu() turtle.end_fill() def bowknot(): #配置画笔属性 turtle.speed(1) turtle.fillcolor("pink") turtle.pu() turtle.color("pink") turtle.goto(-250,360) turtle.pd() turtle.seth(225) #绘制蝴蝶结的上半部分 turtle.begin_fill() turtle.fillcolor("pink") turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-250,360) turtle.pd() turtle.circle(-70,100) turtle.seth(50) turtle.circle(-80,53) turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-250,360) turtle.seth(50) turtle.pd() turtle.circle(70,100) turtle.seth(225) turtle.circle(80,53) turtle.end_fill() #绘制蝴蝶结下半部分 turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-195,335) turtle.pd() turtle.begin_fill() turtle.fillcolor("pink") turtle.seth(45) turtle.circle(-70,100) turtle.seth(230) turtle.circle(-80,62.5) turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-195,335) turtle.seth(225) turtle.pd() turtle.circle(70,100) turtle.seth(50) turtle.circle(80,58) turtle.end_fill() #蝴蝶结的中间部分 turtle.begin_fill() turtle.fillcolor("pink") turtle.pu() turtle.color("pink") turtle.goto(-255,370) turtle.pd() turtle.seth(225) turtle.circle(40,360) turtle.end_fill() def scarf(): #配置画笔属性 turtle.fillcolor("pink") turtle.color("pink") turtle.speed(1) turtle.colormode(255) #绘制围巾 turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-489,82) turtle.seth(-115) turtle.pd() turtle.begin_fill() turtle.fd(75) turtle.seth(-30) turtle.circle(450,10) turtle.seth(-90) turtle.fd(100) turtle.seth(-35) turtle.circle(50,70) turtle.seth(90) turtle.fd(95) turtle.seth(-12) turtle.circle(450,40) turtle.seth(110) turtle.fd(70) turtle.seth(213) turtle.circle(-345,64) turtle.pu() turtle.end_fill() def body(): #配置画笔属性 turtle.fillcolor("black") turtle.color("black") turtle.speed(1) turtle.colormode(255) #绘制母企鹅的身体 turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-489,82) turtle.seth(-115) turtle.pd() turtle.begin_fill() turtle.fd(175) turtle.circle(120,40) turtle.seth(30) turtle.circle(200,40) turtle.seth(-90) turtle.circle(174,180) turtle.seth(-70) turtle.circle(200,40) turtle.seth(70) turtle.circle(120,43) turtle.fd(175) turtle.seth(213) turtle.circle(-345,66) turtle.pu() turtle.end_fill() def feet(): #配置画笔属性 turtle.fillcolor((250,175,8)) turtle.color((250,175,8)) turtle.speed(1) turtle.colormode(255) #绘制母企鹅的左脚 turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-300,-228) turtle.seth(180) turtle.pd() turtle.begin_fill() turtle.fd(200) turtle.circle(-10,120) turtle.circle(-120,40) turtle.pu() turtle.end_fill() #绘制母企鹅的右脚 turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-300,-228) turtle.seth(0) turtle.pd() turtle.begin_fill() turtle.fd(200) turtle.circle(10,120) turtle.circle(120,50) turtle.pu() turtle.end_fill() def belly(): #配置画笔属性 turtle.fillcolor("white") turtle.color("white") turtle.speed(1) turtle.colormode(255) #绘制母企鹅的白色肚皮 turtle.pu() turtle.goto(-305,28) turtle.seth(180) turtle.pd() turtle.begin_fill() #画椭圆 a=4.5 for i in range(120): if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90: a=a+0.1 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) else: a=a-0.1 turtle.lt(3) turtle.fd(a) turtle.pu() turtle.end_fill() turtle.pu() turtle.end_fill() turtle.Turtle().screen.delay(0) head(); bowknot(); lefteye(); righteye(); mouth(); feet(); body(); belly(); scarf(); turtle.hideturtle() turtle.mainloop()
小企鹅生成动画：
三、参考博文
本文中部分基本操作参照 博文 10分钟轻松学会 Python turtle 绘图