• docker镜像之如何构建镜像?


    1、什么情况下需要自己构建镜像?

    a、找不到现成的镜像,比如自己开发的应用程序。
    b、需要在镜像中加入特定的功能,比如官方镜像几乎都不提供 ssh。

    2、docker中构建镜像的方法?

    a、docker commit 命令
    b、Dockerfile 构建文件

    3、docker commit构建镜像的过程?

    a、运行容器
    b、修改容器
    c、将容器保存为新的镜像

    4、如何运行容器?

    docker run -it image-name eg:ubuntu、centos
    -it 参数的作用是以交互模式进入容器,并打开终端。412b30588f4a 是容器的内部 ID

    5、docker如何用命令构建镜像?

    docker commit old-image-name new-image-name

    6、为什么不建议用docker commit命令构建镜像?

    a、这是一种手工创建镜像的方式,容易出错,效率低且可重复性弱。比如要在 debian base 镜像中也加入 vi,还得重复前面的所有步骤。
    b、更重要的:使用者并不知道镜像是如何创建出来的,里面是否有恶意程序。也就是说无法对镜像进行审计,存在安全隐患。
    ps:Dockerfile(推荐方法)构建镜像,底层也 docker commit 一层一层构建新镜像的

    7、为啥启动一个centos的容器,在容器内装了nginx,然后生成一个新的镜像,再用这个镜像启动一个容器,按理说这个容器不就直接可以访问nginx了吗,但是nginx的服务都没有启动,我登录进入这个容器,手动/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx start 才启动?

    nginx会不会自动启动在于有没有诸如systemd的服务管理器自动启动它。在常规linux中systemd会做这件事,但容器中可能没有systemd,或者有systemd但没有针对nginx的启动配置,所以一般在容器中会通过ENTRYPOINT来启动容器中的服务,比如nginx

    8、使用dockerfile创建镜像有什么注意事项?

    Dockerfile 中的 ADD、COPY 等命令可以将 build context 中的文件添加到镜像。此例中,build context 为当前目录 /root,该目录下的所有文件和子目录都会被发送给 Docker daemon。
    所以,使用 build context 就得小心了,不要将多余文件放到 build context,特别不要把 /、/usr 作为 build context,否则构建过程会相当缓慢甚至失败。build context中只放dockerfile中会用到的文件和目录

    9、使用dockerfile创建镜像的过程?

    https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/zhQlw2_GWs_DvyXFoDCRog
    root@richardo-docker01:~# vim Dockerfile 
    root@richardo-docker01:~# 
    root@richardo-docker01:~# 
    root@richardo-docker01:~# docker build -t centos-with-vim-dockerfile .
    Sending build context to Docker daemon  11.26kB
    Step 1/2 : FROM centos
     ---> 0d120b6ccaa8
    Step 2/2 : RUN yum makecache && yum install -y vim
     ---> Running in 1866d7739877
    CentOS-8 - AppStream                            929 kB/s | 5.8 MB     00:06    
    CentOS-8 - Base                                 2.5 MB/s | 2.2 MB     00:00    
    CentOS-8 - Extras                                11 kB/s | 8.6 kB     00:00    
    Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Fri Nov 13 08:54:24 2020.
    Metadata cache created.
    Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:02 ago on Fri Nov 13 08:54:24 2020.
    Dependencies resolved.
    ================================================================================
     Package             Arch        Version                   Repository      Size
    ================================================================================
    Installing:
     vim-enhanced        x86_64      2:8.0.1763-13.el8         AppStream      1.4 M
    Installing dependencies:
     gpm-libs            x86_64      1.20.7-15.el8             AppStream       39 k
     vim-common          x86_64      2:8.0.1763-13.el8         AppStream      6.3 M
     vim-filesystem      noarch      2:8.0.1763-13.el8         AppStream       48 k
     which               x86_64      2.21-12.el8               BaseOS          49 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ================================================================================
    Install  5 Packages
    
    Total download size: 7.8 M
    Installed size: 31 M
    Downloading Packages:
    (1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm        236 kB/s |  39 kB     00:00    
    (2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch.rp 631 kB/s |  48 kB     00:00    
    (3/5): which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64.rpm             935 kB/s |  49 kB     00:00    
    (4/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64.rpm  1.0 MB/s | 1.4 MB     00:01    
    (5/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64.rpm    1.4 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:04    
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total                                           1.4 MB/s | 7.8 MB     00:05     
    warning: /var/cache/dnf/AppStream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
    CentOS-8 - AppStream                             73 kB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00    
    Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
     Userid     : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
     Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
     From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
    Key imported successfully
    Running transaction check
    Transaction check succeeded.
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded.
    Running transaction
      Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
      Installing       : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               1/5 
      Installing       : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch                2/5 
      Installing       : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                    3/5 
      Installing       : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
      Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
      Installing       : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
      Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
      Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                    5/5 
      Verifying        : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          1/5 
      Verifying        : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                    2/5 
      Verifying        : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                  3/5 
      Verifying        : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch                4/5 
      Verifying        : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               5/5 
    
    Installed:
      gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64         vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64    
      vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch
      which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64             
    
    Complete!
    Removing intermediate container 1866d7739877
     ---> e99684eeca8a
    Successfully built e99684eeca8a
    Successfully tagged centos-with-vim-dockerfile:latest
    root@richardo-docker01:~# docker images
    REPOSITORY                   TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    centos-with-vim-dockerfile   latest              e99684eeca8a        37 seconds ago      272MB
    centos-with-vim              latest              0ec55bc57a3d        47 minutes ago      272MB
    httpd                        latest              3dd970e6b110        4 weeks ago         138MB
    centos                       latest              0d120b6ccaa8        3 months ago        215MB
    hello-world                  latest              bf756fb1ae65        10 months ago       13.3kB
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Richardo-M-Q/p/13970269.html
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