一、项目目录结构
spiders文件夹内包含doubanSpider.py文件，对于项目的构建以及结构逻辑，详见环境搭建篇。
![QN[G89ZN{@4_32]0W}QAIY8](https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1669870/201907/1669870-20190715112936462-1979379256.png "QN[G89ZN{@4_32]0W}QAIY8")
二、项目源码
1.doubanSpider.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import scrapy from douban.items import DoubanItem #创建爬虫类 class DoubanspiderSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'doubanSpider' #爬虫名字 allowed_domains = ['movie.douban.com'] #容许爬虫的作用范围 #定义开始的URL offset=0 url='https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=' start_urls = [url+str(offset)] #爬虫开始的URL def parse(self, response): #with open("douban.html","w",encoding="utf-8") as f: #f.write(str(response.body,encoding="utf-8")) #继承 item=DoubanItem() #根节点 movies=response.xpath("//div[@class='info']") for each in movies: #标题 item['title']=each.xpath(".//span[@class='title'][1]/text()").extract()[0] #信息 #item['info'] = each.xpath(".//div[@class='bd']/p[@class='']/text()[2]").extract()[0] item['info'] = each.xpath(".//div[@class='bd']/p[normalize-space(@class)='']/text()[2]").extract()[0] # xinxi #item['info2'] = each.xpath(".//div[@class='bd']/p[@class='']/text()[2]").extract()[0] # 评分 item['star'] = each.xpath(".//div[@class='bd']/div[@class='star']/span[@class='rating_num']/text()").extract()[0] # 简介 quote = each.xpath(".//div[@class='bd']/p[@class='quote']/span/text()").extract() #异常处理 if len(quote)!=0: item['quote']=quote[0] print(item) yield item if self.offset < 255: self.offset += 25 # 每次处理完一页之后，重新发送下一页请求 # self offset 自增25，同时拼接为新的URL并调用回调函数，self parse 处理response yield scrapy.Request(self.url + str(self.offset),callback=self.parse) # 通过scrapy 的xpath匹配所有老师的根节点列表集合 #teacher_list = response.xpath("//div[@class='teacher-text']") # 所有列表集合 #teacherItem = [] # 遍历根节点的集合 #for each in teacher_list: # Item对象来保存数据 #item = GecspiderItem() # 不加extract() 结果为xpath匹配对象 #name = each.xpath('./h4/text()').extract() # 职位 #title = each.xpath('./h6/text()').extract() # 个人简介 #info = each.xpath('./p/text()').extract() #item['name'] = name[0] #item['title'] = title[0] #item['info'] = info[0] # 上一次运行位置暂停继续运行，病返回 # yield item #teacherItem.append(item) # print(name[0]) # print(title[0]) # print(info[0]) #return teacherItem
2.items.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define here the models for your scraped items # # See documentation in: # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html import scrapy class DoubanItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.Field() #标题 title = scrapy.Field() #信息 info = scrapy.Field() #评分 star = scrapy.Field() #简介 quote = scrapy.Field() pingjia = scrapy.Field()
3.main.py
from scrapy import cmdline # cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl doubanSpider ".split())
4.pipelines.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define your item pipelines here # # Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting # See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html import json from openpyxl import Workbook class DoubanPipeline(object): wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active # 设置表头 ws.append(['标题','评分','信息','简介']) def process_item(self, item, spider): # 添加数据 line = [item['title'],item['star'],item['info'],item['quote']] self.ws.append(line) # 按行添加 self.wb.save('douban.xlsx') return item
5.settings.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Scrapy settings for douban project # # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation: # # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html BOT_NAME = 'douban' SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban.spiders'] NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban.spiders' # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Safari/537.36' # Obey robots.txt rules #ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16) #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32 # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay # See also autothrottle settings and docs #DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3 # The download delay setting will honor only one of: #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16 #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16 # Disable cookies (enabled by default) #COOKIES_ENABLED = False # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default) #TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False # Override the default request headers: #DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { # 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', # 'Accept-Language': 'en', #} # Enable or disable spider middlewares # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html #SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = { # 'douban.middlewares.DoubanSpiderMiddleware': 543, #} # Enable or disable downloader middlewares # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html #DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { # 'douban.middlewares.DoubanDownloaderMiddleware': 543, #} # Enable or disable extensions # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html #EXTENSIONS = { # 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None, #} # Configure item pipelines # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html ITEM_PIPELINES = { 'douban.pipelines.DoubanPipeline': 300, } # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html #AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True # The initial download delay #AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5 # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies #AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60 # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to # each remote server #AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0 # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received: #AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings #HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True #HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0 #HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache' #HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = [] #HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'