Django上传文件最简单最官方的方法

1.配置media路径

在settings.py中添加如下代码：

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')

2.定义数据表

import os

from django.db import models
from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now

def upload_to(instance, filename):
    now = timezone_now()
    base, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
    ext = ext.lower()
    return f'quotes/{now:%Y/%m/%Y%m%d%H%M%S}{ext}'


class Quote(models.Model):
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = 'quote'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    author = models.CharField('author', max_length=200)
    quote = models.TextField('quote')
    picture = models.ImageField('picture', upload_to=upload_to, blank=True, null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.quote

这里的upload_to函数会自动把文件的名称修改为日期型的名称，不会重名。

3.添加form表单

forms.py文件

from django import forms

from .models import Quote


class QuoteForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Quote
        fields = '__all__'

4.编写视图代码

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect

from .forms import QuoteForm

def add_quote(request):
    form = QuoteForm()
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = QuoteForm(
            data=request.POST,
            files=request.FILES
        )
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect('quote:add_quote')
    else:
        return render(request, 'quotes/add_quote.html', {
            'form': form
        })

5.编写模板html代码

<form action="{% url 'quote:add_quote' %}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_p }}
    <button type="submit">save</button>
</form>

6.添加url映射

在app的目录的urls.py添加

from django.urls import path

from quotes.views import add_quote

app_name = 'quote'
urlpatterns = [
    path('add/', add_quote, name='add_quote')
]

在项目目录的urls.py文件添加

from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('quotes/', include('quotes.urls', namespace='quote'))
]

效果图