【Oracle】Rman备份策略

1、 查看可设置参数

RMAN> show all;

 

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name DRZ are:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   '/u01/app/backup/db_%U.rmn';

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default

CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRU

E ; # defaultCONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapc

f_drz.f'; # default

 

2、 RETENTION POLICY（保存策略）

1） 保存最近30天的备份

RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 30 DAYS;

2） 保存2份冗余

RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;

3） 设置备份策略失效

RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO NONE;

4） 备份策略恢复默认设置

RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY CLEAR;

3、 备份优化

backup optimization:默认值为 off，启用优化后，会按照优化算法进行备份，比如只读表空间不备
份等。

RMAN> CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
RMAN> CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF;
RMAN> CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION CLEAR;

4、 默认备份设备

default device type:默认值为 disk，指定备份到磁盘或者是磁带

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO STB;

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE CLEAR;

5、 控制文件

1)  开启自动备份及指定路径及名称，当控制文件变化时，控制文件自动备份

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/home/oracle/backup/control/cf_%F';

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP CLEAR;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK CLEAR;

2)  是配置控制文件的快照文件的存放路径和文件名，这个快照文件是在备份期间产生的

RMAN> CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/backup/contolfile/CF_%F';

RMAN> CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME CLEAR;

6、 排除选项

1)  Exclude:排除'EXAMPLE'表空间

RMAN> CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE 'EXAMPLE';

2)  重置 排除选项

RMAN> CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE 'EXAMPLE' CLEAR;

7、 备份集大小

1)  设置备份集大小

RMAN> CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO nG|nM|nK|UNLIMITED;

2)  重置备份集大小为默认值

RMAN> CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE CLEAR;

8、 压缩备份

1） 默认压缩比

RMAN> show compression algorithm;

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name DRZ are:
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRU
E ; # default

2） 设置高压缩比

RMAN> CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'HIGH';

3） 其他几种压缩比

RMAN> CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'MEDIUM';

RMAN> CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'LOW';

RMAN> CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC';

4） RUN 块中使用会话级压缩

run {
SET COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'HIGH/MEDIUM/LOW/BASIC';
...
}