• Struts2框架05 result标签的类型、拦截器


    1 result标签是干什么的

      就是结果,服务器处理完返回给浏览器的结果;是一个输出结果数据的组件

      

    2 什么时候需要指定result标签的类型

      把要输出的结果数据按照我们指定的数据类型进行处理 

      

    3 常见的类型(在struts的默认配置文件120行有这些类型的列表)    

      3.1 dispatcher  转发(默认类型)

      3.2 redirect  重定向URL

        格式一

          <result type="redirect">
            网址(例如:http://www.baidu.com)
          </result>  

        格式二(注意:param标签的name属性是固定值location)
          <result type="redirect">
            <param name="location">
              http://www.baidu.com
            </param>
          </result>

     1 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     2   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     3   <groupId>cn.xiangxu</groupId>
     4   <artifactId>ssh02</artifactId>
     5   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
     6   <packaging>war</packaging>
     7   <dependencies>
     8       <dependency>
     9           <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
    10           <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
    11           <version>2.3.8</version>
    12       </dependency>
    13       <dependency>
    14           <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
    15           <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
    16           <version>2.3.8</version>
    17       </dependency>
    18   </dependencies>
    19 </project>
    maven依赖文件
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
     3   <display-name>ssh02s</display-name>
     4   <welcome-file-list>
     5     <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
     6     <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
     7     <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
     8     <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
     9     <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    10     <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
    11   </welcome-file-list>
    12   
    13   <!-- 配置spring监听listener
    14               用于初始化Spring容器 -->
    15   <listener>
    16       <listener-class>
    17           org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
    18       </listener-class>
    19   </listener>
    20   
    21   <!-- 配置Spring配置文件的位置 -->
    22   <context-param>
    23       <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    24       <param-value>classpath:spring-*.xml</param-value>
    25   </context-param>
    26   
    27   <!-- 配置主控制器和过滤条件 -->
    28   <filter>
    29       <filter-name>mvc</filter-name>
    30       <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    31   </filter>
    32   <filter-mapping>
    33       <filter-name>mvc</filter-name>
    34       <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    35   </filter-mapping>
    36   
    37 </web-app>
    web.xml
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     4     xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
     5     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     6     xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
     7     xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
     8     xsi:schemaLocation="
     9         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    10         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
    11         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.0.xsd
    12         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd
    13         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
    14         http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
    15         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
    16         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
    17         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd">
    18 
    19     <!-- 配置组件扫描 -->
    20     <context:component-scan base-package="cn.xiangxu" />
    21     
    22 </beans>
    spring_context.xml
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
     3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
     4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
     5 <struts>
     6     
     7     <package name="type" namespace="/type" extends="struts-default">
     8         <action name="redirect" class="redirectAction"> <!-- 后台经过处理后,再进行重定向 -->
     9             <result name="redirect" type="redirect">
    10                 http://www.baidu.com
    11             </result>
    12         </action>
    13             
    14         <action name="cq"> <!-- 直接重定向,在后台不进行任何处理 -->
    15             <result type="redirect">
    16                 http://cq.qq.com/
    17             </result>
    18         </action>
    19         
    20         <action name="dzsk"> <!-- 利用格式二实现 -->
    21             <result type="redirect">
    22                 http://www.dzshike.com/
    23             </result>
    24         </action>
    25     </package>
    26     
    27 </struts>
    struts.xml
     1 package cn.xiangxu.action;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
     4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
     5 
     6 @Controller
     7 @Scope("prototype")
     8 public class RedirectAction {
     9     public String execute() {
    10         System.out.println("测试重定向URL");
    11         return "redirect";
    12     }
    13 }
    RedirectAction

    项目结构

      

      3.3 redirectAction  重定向Action

        格式一:请求路径不变,仅仅改变请求名
          <result name="xxx" type="redirectAction">
            请求名/请求名.action
          </result>

        格式二:请求路径和请求名都该改变
          <result name="xxx" type="redirectAction">
            <param name="namespace">/路径名</param>
            <param name="actionName">请求名/请求名.action</param>
          </result>

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
     3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
     4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
     5 <struts>
     6 
     7     <package name="test" namespace="/test" extends="struts-default"> <!-- namespace是配置访问路径,extends是配置继承默认struts文件 -->
     8         <action name="demo" class="testAction"> <!-- name是配置访问网名,class是配置action类 -->
     9             <result name="success">
    10                 /WEB-INF/jsp/msg.jsp
    11             </result>
    12         </action>
    13     </package>
    14     
    15     <package name="type" namespace="/type" extends="struts-default">
    16     
    17         
    18         <action name="demo" class="testAction">
    19             <result name="success">
    20                 /WEB-INF/jsp/msg.jsp
    21             </result>
    22         </action>
    23         
    24         <action name="redirectAction01" class="redirectActionAction"> <!-- 重定向1:只改变请求网名 -->
    25             <result name="redirectAction" type="redirectAction">
    26                 demo
    27             </result>
    28             <result name="redirectAction" type="redirectAction">
    29                 demo
    30             </result>
    31         </action>
    32         <action name="redirectAction02" class="redirectActionAction"> <!-- 重定向2:路径和网名都改变 -->
    33             <result name="redirectAction" type="redirectAction">
    34                 <param name="namespace">/test</param>
    35                 <param name="actionName">demo</param>
    36             </result>
    37         </action>
    38         
    39     </package>
    40     
    41 </struts>
    struts.xml
     1 package cn.xiangxu.action;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
     4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
     5 
     6 @Controller
     7 @Scope("prototype")
     8 public class RedirectActionAction {
     9     public String execute() {
    10         System.out.println("测试重定向action");
    11         return "redirectAction";
    12     }
    13 }
    RedirectActionAction.java

    项目结构

      

      3.4 stream 流,处理图片 

        3.4.1 格式     

        <result name="success" type="stream">
          <param name="contentType">image/jpeg</param>
          <param name="inputName">imageStream</param>
          <param name="contentDisposition">attachment;filename="document.pdf"</param>
          <param name="bufferSize">1024</param>
        </result>


        3.4.2 参数解释

          contentType 定义媒体类型
          inputName 必须是一个inputStream类型的流
          contentDisposition 强制下载保存(可选)
          bufferSize 指定缓存区域的大小(可选)


        3.4.3 案例:向浏览器发送图片数据并显示

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
     3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
     4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
     5 <struts>
     6 
     7     
     8     <package name="type" namespace="/type" extends="struts-default">
     9         
    10         
    11         <action name="stream" class="streamAction">
    12             <result name="success" type="stream">
    13                 <param name="contentType">image/png</param>
    14                 <param name="inputName">image</param> <!-- image是ImageAction中的一个成员变量 -->
    15             </result>
    16         </action>
    17         
    18     </package>
    19     
    20     
    21     
    22 </struts>
    struts.xml
     1 package cn.xiangxu.action;
     2 
     3 import java.awt.Color;
     4 import java.awt.Graphics2D;
     5 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
     6 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
     7 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
     8 import java.io.IOException;
     9 import java.io.InputStream;
    10 
    11 import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
    12 
    13 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
    14 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    15 
    16 @Controller
    17 @Scope("prototype")
    18 public class StreamAction {
    19     
    20 private InputStream image;
    21     
    22     public String execute() throws IOException {
    23         // 设置图片
    24         BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(399, 60, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
    25         
    26         // 获取画笔
    27         Graphics2D g = img.createGraphics();
    28         g.setColor(Color.white);
    29         g.drawString("hello fury,测试stream", 10, 30);
    30         
    31         // 将图片转成字节数组
    32         ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); 
    33         ImageIO.write(img, "png", out);
    34         out.close();
    35         
    36         // 将字节数组放到字节流中
    37         byte [] data = out.toByteArray();
    38         image = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
    39         
    40         return "success";
    41     }
    42 
    43     public InputStream getImage() {
    44         return image;
    45     }
    46 
    47     public void setImage(InputStream image) {
    48         this.image = image;
    49     }
    50 }
    StreamAction.java

         项目结构

          

      3.5 json  用于处理ajax请求

        导包:struts2-json-plugin
          注意:package标签中的extends属性值变更为json-default(json-default继承了struts-default)

            

        用法:两种方式
          返回Action中的所有值
            <result name="xxx" type="json"></result>
          返回Action中的单个属性值
            <result name="xxx" type="json">
              <param name="root">action中的属性名</param> <!-- name的属性值是固定的 -->
            </result>

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
     3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
     4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
     5 <struts>
     6 
     7     
     8     <package name="type" namespace="/type" extends="json-default">
     9     
    10         
    11         <action name="json" class="jsonAction"> <!-- 返回多个值 -->
    12             <result name="success" type="json"></result>
    13         </action>
    14         
    15         <action name="json02" class="jsonAction"> <!-- 返回一个值 -->
    16             <result name="success" type="json">
    17                 <param name="root">name</param>
    18             </result>
    19         </action>
    20         
    21         
    22     </package>
    23     
    24     
    25 </struts>
    struts.xml
     1 package cn.xiangxu.action;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
     4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
     5 
     6 @Controller
     7 @Scope("prototype")
     8 public class JsonAction {
     9     private String name;
    10     private Integer age;
    11     
    12     public String execute() {
    13         name = "wys";
    14         age = 100;
    15         return "success";
    16     }
    17     
    18     public String getName() {
    19         return name;
    20     }
    21     public void setName(String name) {
    22         this.name = name;
    23     }
    24     public Integer getAge() {
    25         return age;
    26     }
    27     public void setAge(Integer age) {
    28         this.age = age;
    29     }
    30     
    31     
    32 }
    JsonAction.java
     1 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     2   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     3   <groupId>cn.xiangxu</groupId>
     4   <artifactId>ssh02</artifactId>
     5   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
     6   <packaging>war</packaging>
     7   <dependencies>
     8       <dependency>
     9           <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
    10           <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
    11           <version>2.3.8</version>
    12       </dependency>
    13       <dependency>
    14           <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
    15           <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
    16           <version>2.3.8</version>
    17       </dependency>
    18       <dependency>
    19           <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
    20           <artifactId>struts2-json-plugin</artifactId>
    21           <version>2.3.8</version>
    22       </dependency>
    23   </dependencies>
    24 </project>
    pom.xml

    项目结构图

      

    4 小案例:根据浏览器发送的不同数据,跳转到不同的页面(类似于百度搜索)

      4.1 要求:

        用户输入搜索关键字后点击搜索按钮,页面直接就跳转到相应页面

        例如:输入“百度”,点击搜索后直接跳转到百度的官网

      4.2 struts.xml配置文件中action标签的method属性的作用

        如果不指定method属性,那么在相应的action类中的处理方法名必须是execute;

        如果指定了method属性后,那么在相应的action类中的处理方法名就是method的属性值

        

      4.3 效果演示

        

        点击“搜索”按钮后就跳转到百度的首页啦

      4.4 源代码

     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
     2     pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
     3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
     4 <html>
     5 <head>
     6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
     7 <title>test</title>
     8 </head>
     9 <body>
    10     <div>
    11         <form action="http://localhost:8080/ssh02/case/switch" method="post">
    12             请输入搜索词条:<input type="text" name="index" />&nbsp;&nbsp;
    13             <input type="submit" value="搜索" />
    14         </form>
    15     </div>
    16 </body>
    17 </html>
    shoose.jsp
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
     3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
     4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
     5 <struts>
     6 
     7 
     8     
     9     <package name="case" namespace="/case" extends="struts-default">
    10         <action name="toChoose">
    11             <result>
    12                 /WEB-INF/jsp/choose.jsp
    13             </result>
    14         </action>
    15         <action name="demo">
    16             <result>
    17                 /WEB-INF/jsp/msg.jsp
    18             </result>
    19         </action>
    20         <action name="switch" class="switchAction" method="doSwitch">
    21             <result name="百度" type="redirect">
    22                 http://www.baidu.com
    23             </result>
    24             
    25             <result name="msg" type="redirectAction">
    26                 demo
    27             </result>
    28             
    29             <result name="main">
    30                 /WEB-INF/jsp/main.jsp
    31             </result>
    32         </action>
    33     </package>
    34     
    35 </struts>
    struts.xml
     1 package cn.xiangxu.action;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
     4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
     5 
     6 @Controller
     7 @Scope("prototype")
     8 public class SwitchAction {
     9     private String index; // 该成员变量名必须和choose.jsp中相关input标签的name属性值相同
    10     
    11     public String doSwitch() {
    12         System.out.println("你要搜索的词条是:" + index);
    13         
    14         return index;
    15     }
    16 
    17     public String getIndex() {
    18         return index;
    19     }
    20 
    21     public void setIndex(String index) {
    22         this.index = index;
    23     }
    24     
    25     
    26     
    27 }
    SwitchAction.java
     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
     2     pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
     3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
     4 <html>
     5 <head>
     6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
     7 <title>test</title>
     8 </head>
     9 <body>
    10     <h2>欢迎来到庠序科技主页面</h2>
    11 </body>
    12 </html>
    mian.jsp
     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
     2     pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
     3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
     4 <html>
     5 <head>
     6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
     7 <title>test</title>
     8 </head>
     9 <body>
    10     <h2>恭喜你,struts整合spring成功!</h2>
    11     <h2>hello world</h2>
    12 </body>
    13 </html>
    msg.jsp

      4.5 项目结构

         

    6 拦截器

      6.1 什么是拦截器

        java中动态拦截Action调用的对象   

      6.2 为什么要用拦截器

        封装了一些通用处理,便于复用;通过配置的方式进行调用,比较灵活,便于扩展   

      6.3 什么时候使用

        在不修改现有逻辑代码的情况下,为系统追加共有的功能处理   

      6.4 怎么使用拦截器

        创建拦截器
        注册拦截器
        引用拦截器   

        6.4.1 拦截器的编写规则

          编写一个类,这个类需要实现interceptor接口,在intercept方法中做共同的处理

     1 package cn.xiangxu.util;
     2 
     3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
     4 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor;
     5 
     6 public class MyInterceptor implements Interceptor {
     7 
     8     private static final long serialVersionUID = -5324310407222552593L;
     9 
    10     public void destroy() {
    11         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    12 
    13     }
    14 
    15     public void init() {
    16         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    17 
    18     }
    19 
    20     public String intercept(ActionInvocation in) throws Exception {
    21         System.out.println("进入拦截器!");
    22         in.invoke(); // 有了这条语句才能够进入到action控制类中
    23         System.out.println("退出拦截器!");
    24         return null;
    25     }
    26 
    27 }
    MyInterceptor.java

        6.4.2 拦截器注册规则 (struts.xml中完成)

          在package标签中注册拦截器 利用<Interceptor>标签
          <interceptors> <!-- 注册拦截器 -->
            <interceptor name="demo" class="cn.xiangxu.ljq.DemoInterceptor"></interceptor>
          </interceptors>  

        6.4.3 拦截器的引用规则(struts.xml中完成) 注意:引用默认的拦截器,请看代码

          在action标签中定义引用
          <action name="json" class="jsonAction">
            <result name="success" type="json"></result>
            <interceptor-ref name="demo"></interceptor-ref> <!-- 引用拦截器 -->
          </action>

          

          注意:自己写得拦截器可能会和默认的拦截器产生冲突,解决办法是将默认的拦截器页引用进来;

            默认拦截器相关信息的位置

      

          改进版本如下

            

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/NeverCtrl-C/p/7158009.html
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