#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; #define MAX 200 #define DIAN 100 #define INF 0x7fffffff int u[MAX+1],v[MAX+1],w[MAX+1],first[MAX+1],next[MAX+1],graph[DIAN+1][DIAN+1]; int numdian,numbian; int rudu[DIAN+1]; void tuo(){ queue<int> q; for(int i=1;i<=numdian;i++) if(rudu[i]==0) q.push(i); while(!q.empty()){ int p=q.front(); q.pop(); cout<<p<<" "; int k=first[p]; while(k!=-1){ rudu[v[k]]--; if(rudu[v[k]]==0) q.push(v[k]); k=next[k]; } } cout<<endl; } //使用dfs来进行拓扑排序 //1 假设从一个点开始可以dfs到所有的点,那么这个点一定入度为0(在无环情况下),那么点v即放置正确 //递归的看,对于遍历到的点,去除他到达不了的点,又变回了情况1 int visit[DIAN+1],out[DIAN+1],index; //0 未访问,1访问过,-1正在访问 //返回值代表有没有环 bool f(int x){ visit[x]=-1; for(int i=1;i<=numdian;i++){ if(graph[x][i]!=0){ if(visit[i]==-1) return false; if(visit[i]==0){ if(!f(i)) return false; } } } visit[x]=1; out[index]=x; index--; return true; } bool topo(){ index=numdian; memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit)); for(int i=1;i<=numdian;i++){ if(!visit[i]){ if(!f(i)) return false; } } return true; } int main() { cin >> numdian >> numbian; memset(rudu,0,sizeof(rudu)); memset(graph,0,sizeof(graph)); for(int i=1;i<=numbian;i++) first[i]=-1; for(int i=1;i<=numbian;i++){ cin>>u[i]>>v[i]>>w[i]; graph[u[i]][v[i]]=w[i]; rudu[v[i]]++; next[i]=first[u[i]]; first[u[i]]=i; } tuo(); if(topo()){ for(int i=1;i<=numdian;i++) cout<<out[i]<<" "; cout<<endl; } return 0; }