《Java多线程编程核心技术》读后感（五）

下面验证上面三条结论

验证第一条结论：

package Second;

public class MyObject {
}

package Second;

public class Service {

    public void testMethod1(MyObject object) {
        synchronized (object) {
            try {
                System.out.println("testMethod1 ____getLock time="
                        + System.currentTimeMillis() + " run ThreadName="
                        + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                System.out.println("testMethod1 releaseLock time="
                        + System.currentTimeMillis() + " run ThreadName="
                        + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

package Second;

public class ThreadA extends Thread {

    private Service service;
    private MyObject object;

    public ThreadA(Service service, MyObject object) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
        this.object = object;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        super.run();
        service.testMethod1(object);
    }

}

package Second;

public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    private Service service;
    private MyObject object;

    public ThreadB(Service service, MyObject object) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
        this.object = object;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        super.run();
        service.testMethod1(object);
    }

}

package Second;

public class Run1_1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Service service = new Service();
        MyObject object = new MyObject();

        ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service, object);
        a.setName("a");
        a.start();

        ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service, object);
        b.setName("b");
        b.start();
    }

}

同步的原因是使用了同一个“对象监视器“”。如果使用不同的“”对象监视器“”会出现什么效果呢？见下面

package Second;

public class Run1_2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Service service = new Service();
        MyObject object1 = new MyObject();
        MyObject object2 = new MyObject();

        ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service, object1);
        a.setName("a");
        a.start();

        ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service, object2);
        b.setName("b");
        b.start();
    }

}

package Second;

public class Run1_2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Service service = new Service();
        MyObject object1 = new MyObject();
        MyObject object2 = new MyObject();

        ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service, object1);
        a.setName("a");
        a.start();

        ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service, object2);
        b.setName("b");
        b.start();
    }

}

验证第2个结论

package Second;

public class MyObject {
    synchronized public void speedPrintString() {
        System.out.println("speedPrintString ____getLock time="
                + System.currentTimeMillis() + " run ThreadName="
                + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        System.out.println("-----------------");
        System.out.println("speedPrintString releaseLock time="
                + System.currentTimeMillis() + " run ThreadName="
                + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

package Second;

public class Service {

    public void testMethod1(MyObject object) {
        synchronized (object) {
            try {
                System.out.println("testMethod1 ____getLock time="
                        + System.currentTimeMillis() + " run ThreadName="
                        + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                Thread.sleep(5000);
                System.out.println("testMethod1 releaseLock time="
                        + System.currentTimeMillis() + " run ThreadName="
                        + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

package Second;

public class ThreadA extends Thread {

    private Service service;
    private MyObject object;

    public ThreadA(Service service, MyObject object) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
        this.object = object;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        super.run();
        service.testMethod1(object);
    }

}

package Second;

public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    private MyObject object;

    public ThreadB(MyObject object) {
        super();
        this.object = object;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        super.run();
        object.speedPrintString();
    }
}

package Second;

public class Run {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Service service = new Service();
        MyObject object = new MyObject();

        ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service, object);
        a.setName("a");
        a.start();

        Thread.sleep(100);

        ThreadB b = new ThreadB(object);
        b.setName("b");
        b.start();
    }

}

验证第3个结论

其他代码与第二个实验相同

package Second;

public class MyObject {
    public void speedPrintString() {
        synchronized (this) {
            System.out.println("speedPrintString ____getLock time="
                    + System.currentTimeMillis() + " run ThreadName="
                    + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("-----------------");
            System.out.println("speedPrintString releaseLock time="
                    + System.currentTimeMillis() + " run ThreadName="
                    + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        }
    }
}

静态同步synchronized方法与synchronized(class)代码块

是对当前的*.java文件对应的class类进行持锁

package Second;

public class Service {

    synchronized public static void printA() {
        try {
            System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printA");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printA");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    synchronized public static void printB() {
        System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
                + System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printB");
        System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
                + System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printB");
    }

}

package Second;

public class ThreadA extends Thread {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        Service.printA();
    }

}

package Second;

public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        Service.printB();
    }
}

package Second;

public class Run {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ThreadA a = new ThreadA();
        a.setName("A");
        a.start();

        ThreadB b = new ThreadB();
        b.setName("B");
        b.start();

    }

}

下面展示synchronized关键字加到非static静态方法上的锁

package Second;

public class Service {

    synchronized public static void printA() {
        try {
            System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printA");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printA");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    synchronized public static void printB() {
        System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
                + System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printB");
        System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
                + System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printB");
    }

    synchronized public void printC() {
        System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
                + System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printC");
        System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
                + System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printC");
    }

}

package Second;

public class ThreadA extends Thread {
    private Service service;

    public ThreadA(Service service) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.printA();
    }

}

package Second;

public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    private Service service;

    public ThreadB(Service service) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.printB();
    }
}

package Second;

public class ThreadC extends Thread {

    private Service service;

    public ThreadC(Service service) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.printC();
    }
}

异步的原因是持有不同的锁，一个是对象锁，另外一个是class锁，而class锁可以对类的所有对象实例起作用，下面验证

package Second;

public class Service {

    synchronized public static void printA() {
        try {
            System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printA");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printA");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    synchronized public static void printB() {
        System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
                + System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printB");
        System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在"
                + System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printB");
    }

}

package Second;

public class ThreadA extends Thread {
    private Service service;

    public ThreadA(Service service) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.printA();
    }
}

package Second;

public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    private Service service;

    public ThreadB(Service service) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.printB();
    }
}

package Second;

public class Run {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Service service1 = new Service();
        Service service2 = new Service();

        ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service1);
        a.setName("A");
        a.start();

        ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service2);
        b.setName("B");
        b.start();

    }

}

同步synchronized（class）代码块的作用其实和synchronized static方法的作用是一样的。下面测试

package Second;

public class Service {

    public static void printA() {
        synchronized (Service.class) {
            try {
                System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                        + "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printA");
                Thread.sleep(3000);
                System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                        + "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printA");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

    public static void printB() {
        synchronized (Service.class) {
            System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "进入printB");
            System.out.println("线程名称为：" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + "在" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "离开printB");
        }
    }
}

package Second;

public class ThreadA extends Thread {
    private Service service;

    public ThreadA(Service service) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.printA();
    }
}

package Second;

public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    private Service service;

    public ThreadB(Service service) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.printB();
    }
}

package Second;

public class Run {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Service service1 = new Service();
        Service service2 = new Service();

        ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service1);
        a.setName("A");
        a.start();

        ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service2);
        b.setName("B");
        b.start();

    }

}

 数据类型String的常量池特性

package Second;

public class Service {
    public static void print(String stringParam) {
        try {
            synchronized (stringParam) {
                while (true) {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

package Second;

public class ThreadA extends Thread {
    private Service service;
    public ThreadA(Service service) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.print("AA");
    }
}

package Second;

public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    private Service service;
    public ThreadB(Service service) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.print("AA");
    }
}

package Second;

public class Run {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Service service = new Service();

        ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service);
        a.setName("A");
        a.start();

        ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service);
        b.setName("B");
        b.start();

    }

}

出现这样的情况就是因为String的两个值都是AA,两个线程持有相同的锁，所以造成线程B不能执行。这就是String常量池所带来的问题。

因此在大多数情况下，同步synchronized代码块都不使用String作为锁对象，而改用其他的，比如new object（）实例化一个object对象，但它并不放入缓存中。

package Second;

public class Service {
    public static void print(Object object) {
        try {
            synchronized (object) {
                while (true) {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

package Second;

public class ThreadA extends Thread {
    private Service service;

    public ThreadA(Service service) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.print(new Object());
    }
}

package Second;

public class ThreadB extends Thread {
    private Service service;

    public ThreadB(Service service) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.print(new Object());
    }
}

package Second;

public class Run {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Service service = new Service();

        ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service);
        a.setName("A");
        a.start();

        ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service);
        b.setName("B");
        b.start();

    }

}

交替打印是因为持有的锁不是同一个

同步synchronized方法无限等待与解决

同步方法容易造成死循环

package Second;

public class Service {
    synchronized public void methodA() {
        Object object1 = new Object();

        System.out.println("methodA begin");
        boolean isContinueRun = true;
        while (isContinueRun) {
        }
        System.out.println("methodA end");

    }

    synchronized public void methodB() {
        Object object2 = new Object();

        System.out.println("methodB begin");
        System.out.println("methodB end");

    }
}

package Second;

public class ThreadA extends Thread {

    private Service service;

    public ThreadA(Service service) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.methodA();
    }

}

package Second;

public class ThreadB extends Thread {

    private Service service;

    public ThreadB(Service service) {
        super();
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.methodB();
    }

}

package Second;

public class Run {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Service service = new Service();

        ThreadA athread = new ThreadA(service);
        athread.start();

        ThreadB bthread = new ThreadB(service);
        bthread.start();
    }

}

线程B永远得不到运行的机会，锁死了

package Second;

public class Service {
    public void methodA() {
        Object object1 = new Object();
        synchronized (object1) {
            System.out.println("methodA begin");
            boolean isContinueRun = true;
            while (isContinueRun) {
            }
            System.out.println("methodA end");
        }
    }

    public void methodB() {
        Object object2 = new Object();
        synchronized (object2) {
            System.out.println("methodB begin");
            System.out.println("methodB end");
        }
    }
}