C++字符串技术 string类
string对象在大多数应用中被用来消除对char*指针的使用,支持所期望的一些操作;
可以转换成char*,保持和现代代码的兼容性,还能自动处理内存管理;
一些string的实现采用了引用计数,带来了比基于char*的字符串更佳的性能。
大多数的编译器已经实现了C++标准的std::string类~
C++ Code
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/* stlstring.cpp
C++字符串技术 string类 string对象在大多数应用中被用来消除对char*指针的使用,支持所期望的一些操作; 可以转换成char*,保持和现代代码的兼容性,还能自动处理内存管理; 一些string的实现采用了引用计数,带来了比基于char*的字符串更佳的性能。 大多数的编译器已经实现了C++标准的std::string类~ */ #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main(void) { //构造字符串,给字符串赋值 string myString1("Michael Joessy!"); string myString2(10, 'q'); string myString3 = "Michael Jordan~"; string myString4(myString1); string myString5 = myString3; cout << myString1 << endl; cout << myString2 << endl; cout << myString3 << endl; cout << myString4 << endl; cout << myString5 << endl; //字符串读入和读出 //string::operator>> string::operator<< string::getline string str; //getline(cin, str, ' '); cout << str << endl; //字符串判断函数 /*字符串判断为空函数*/ string empString(""); if (empString.empty()) { cout << "empString is empty!" << endl; } /*字符串长度函数*/ string testString = "1234567890"; cout << testString << endl; cout << "testString length is " << testString.length() << endl; cout << "testString size is " << testString.size() << endl; testString.resize(5); cout << testString << endl; cout << "testString length is " << testString.length() << endl; cout << "testString size is " << testString.size() << endl; /*提示:length()和size()的功能是一样的,size()是基于STL概念提出来的,而length()还是原来C语言的东西, 为了更好地符合STL的编程概念,建议使用size()。 */ /*字符串指针函数*/ string str1("023"); cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl; cout << "str1 = " << str1.c_str() << endl; //c_str()返回字符串的指针 //增加字符串成员 string strAppend("Michael "); cout << strAppend << endl; char szTest[] = "Jackson"; strAppend.append(szTest); cout << strAppend << endl; string strInsert = " great"; strAppend.append(strInsert, 0, 6); cout << strAppend << endl; strAppend.append(strInsert.begin(), strInsert.end()); cout << strAppend << endl; strAppend += " person"; cout << strAppend << endl; strAppend.push_back('!'); cout << strAppend << endl; //字符串比较函数 /*关系运算符 == > >= < <=*/ string strt1 = "Michael"; string strt2 = "Michael"; if (strt1 == strt2) { cout << "strt1 == strt2" << endl; } string strt3 = "Michael Joessy"; if (strt3 >= strt1) { cout << "strt3 >= strt1" << endl; } /*compare*/ if (strt1.compare(strt2) == 0) { cout << "strt1 == strt2" << endl; } if (strt3.compare(strt1) != 0) { cout << "strt3 != strt1" << endl; } //字符串查找 string strfind("abcdefg"); int nPos = 0; nPos = strfind.find('c'); cout << "The char c pos is " << nPos << endl; char szArray[] = "def"; nPos = strfind.find(szArray); cout << "The szArray[] pos is " << nPos << endl; char szArrayNone[] = "drf"; nPos = strfind.find(szArrayNone); cout << "The szArrayNone[] pos is " << nPos << endl; nPos = strfind.rfind('c'); cout << "The char c pos is " << nPos << endl; nPos = strfind.rfind(szArray); cout << "The szArray[] pos is " << nPos << endl; nPos = strfind.rfind(szArrayNone); cout << "The szArrayNone[] pos is " << nPos << endl; string strCha = "aaabbbcccdddeeefffggghhh"; nPos = strCha.find_first_of('b'); cout << "The find_first_of b pos is " << nPos << endl; nPos = strCha.find_first_not_of('b'); cout << "The find_first_not_of b pos is " << nPos << endl; nPos = strCha.find_last_of('b'); cout << "The find_last_of b pos is " << nPos << endl; nPos = strCha.find_last_not_of('b'); cout << "The find_last_not_of b pos is " << nPos << endl; //字符串下标和字串函数 string strSub = "Hello World!"; cout << strSub << endl; char ch1 = strSub[6]; char ch2 = strSub.at(11); strSub.at(11) = '~'; cout << strSub << endl; strSub.assign("Hello Man!"); cout << strSub << endl; cout << strSub.substr(6, 9) << endl; //字符串其它函数 string strOrg = "Hello Hero!"; cout << strOrg << endl; strOrg.insert(0, "At "); cout << strOrg << endl; cout << strOrg.capacity() << endl; cout << strOrg.size() << endl; strOrg.replace(0, 2, "Ha"); cout << strOrg << endl; cin.get(); return 0; } |