• MVC中使用Web API和EntityFramework


    在ASP.NET MVC中使用Web API和EntityFramework构建应用程序

     

    最近做了一个项目技术预研:在ASP.NET MVC框架中使用Web API和EntityFramework,构建一个基础的架构,并在此基础上实现基本的CRUD应用。

    以下是详细的步骤。

    第一步

    在数据库中创建一张数据表,表名为Customer,见下图:

    第二步

    • 打开 Visual Studio,新建项目。

    • 选择'ASP.NET Web Application',命名为'WebApi'。

    • 我们要创建一个'Web API',在模板中选择'Web API',点击'确定'。

      第三步

      接下来我要添加一个类。

    • 右键点击这个 web api项目,添加一个'ADO.NET Entity Data Model'。

    • 添加'EF Designer from database',点击'下一步'。

    • 在配置窗口中添加新连接,输入服务器名称,选择数据库,点击'确定'。

    • 点击'下一步',选择要关联的数据表。

    • 点击'完成'。

      第四步

      现在的工作就是要为Wep Api添加控制器了。

    • 右键选择'controllers'文件夹。

    • 选择'MVC5 Controller with views, using Entity Framework'。

    • 点击'添加'。

    • 选择数据模型类Customer,选择Data context类文件,本例中为SystemTestEntity。

    • 设置控制器名称为CustomersController,点击'添加'。

      上述操作完成后,CustomerController.cs会自动生成。

    CustomerController.cs

    using System.Data.Entity;  
    using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure;  
    using System.Linq;  
    using System.Net;  
    using System.Web.Http;  
    using System.Web.Http.Description;  
    using CRUDWebApiExam.Models;  
      
    namespace CRUDWebApiExam.Controllers  
    {  
        public class CustomersController : ApiController  
        {  
            private SystemTestEntities db = new SystemTestEntities();  
      
            // GET: api/Customers  
            public IQueryable<Customer> GetCustomer()  
            {  
                return db.Customer;  
            }  
      
            // GET: api/Customers/5  
            [ResponseType(typeof(Customer))]  
            public IHttpActionResult GetCustomer(int id)  
            {  
                Customer customer = db.Customer.Find(id);  
                if (customer == null)  
                {  
                    return NotFound();  
                }  
                return Ok(customer);  
            }  
      
            // PUT: api/Customers/5  
            [ResponseType(typeof(void))]  
            public IHttpActionResult PutCustomer(int id, Customer customer)  
            {  
                if (!ModelState.IsValid)  
                {  
                    return BadRequest(ModelState);  
                }  
                if (id != customer.CustomerId)  
                {  
                    return BadRequest();  
                }  
                db.Entry(customer).State = EntityState.Modified;  
                try  
                {  
                    db.SaveChanges();  
                }  
                catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException)  
                {  
                    if (!CustomerExists(id))  
                    {  
                        return NotFound();  
                    }  
                    else  
                    {  
                        throw;  
                    }  
                }  
                return StatusCode(HttpStatusCode.NoContent);  
            }  
      
            // POST: api/Customers  
            [ResponseType(typeof(Customer))]  
            public IHttpActionResult PostCustomer(Customer customer)  
            {  
                if (!ModelState.IsValid)  
                {  
                    return BadRequest(ModelState);  
                }  
                db.Customer.Add(customer);  
                db.SaveChanges();   
                return CreatedAtRoute("DefaultApi", new { id = customer.CustomerId }, customer);  
            }  
      
            // DELETE: api/Customers/5  
            [ResponseType(typeof(Customer))]  
            public IHttpActionResult DeleteCustomer(int id)  
            {  
                Customer customer = db.Customer.Find(id);  
                if (customer == null)  
                {  
                    return NotFound();  
                }  
                db.Customer.Remove(customer);  
                db.SaveChanges();  
                return Ok(customer);  
            }  
      
            protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)  
            {  
                if (disposing)  
                {  
                    db.Dispose();  
                }  
                base.Dispose(disposing);  
            }  
      
            private bool CustomerExists(int id)  
            {  
                return db.Customer.Count(e => e.CustomerId == id) > 0;  
            }  
        }  
    }  

    运行这个 Web Api项目,你会看到下面的结果

    第五步

    到此为止,web api已经构建成功了。接下来我们需要为这个web api服务添加消费对象了,这个消费对象就是本文要涉及的MVC项目。

    • 首先要添加一个model类,我们可以直接采用上文中的Customer类。右键点击models文件夹,添加类并命名。本例中,我直接命名为Customer.cs。
      Customer.cs
    using System;  
    using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;  
      
    namespace MVCPersatantion.Models  
    {  
        public class Customer  
        {  
            [Display(Name = "CustomerId")]  
            public int CustomerId { get; set; }  
            [Display(Name = "Name")]  
            public string Name { get; set; }  
            [Display(Name = "Address")]  
            public string Address { get; set; }  
            [Display(Name = "MobileNo")]  
            public string MobileNo { get; set; }  
            [Display(Name = "Birthdate")]  
            [DataType(DataType.Date)]  
            public DateTime Birthdate { get; set; }  
            [Display(Name = "EmailId")]  
            public string EmailId { get; set; }          
        }   
    }  
    • customer类添加完成后,接下来需要添加一个ViewModel文件夹,并在里面新建一个CustomerViewModel.cs文件。
      CustomerViewModel.cs
    using MVCPersatantion.Models;  
      
    namespace MVCPersatantion.ViewModel  
    {  
        public class CustomerViewModel  
        {  
            public Customer customer { get; set; }  
        }  
    }

    第六步

    我已经添加了一个消费web api服务的类,现在我还需要添加一个Client类。

    • 右键点击models文件夹,添加类文件CustomerClient.cs。
      CustomerClient.cs
    using System;  
    using System.Collections.Generic;  
    using System.Net.Http;  
    using System.Net.Http.Headers;  
      
    namespace MVCPersatantion.Models  
    {  
        public class CustomerClient  
        {  
            private string Base_URL = "http://localhost:30110/api/";  
      
            public IEnumerable<Customer> findAll()  
            {  
                try  
                {  
                    HttpClient client = new HttpClient();  
                    client.BaseAddress = new Uri(Base_URL);  
                    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));  
                    HttpResponseMessage response = client.GetAsync("customers").Result;  
      
                    if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)  
                        return response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Customer>>().Result;  
                    return null;  
                }  
                catch  
                {  
                    return null;  
                }  
            }  
            public Customer find(int id)  
            {  
                try  
                {  
                    HttpClient client = new HttpClient();  
                    client.BaseAddress = new Uri(Base_URL);  
                    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));  
                    HttpResponseMessage response = client.GetAsync("customers/" + id).Result;  
      
                    if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)  
                        return response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Customer>().Result;  
                    return null;  
                }  
                catch  
                {  
                    return null;  
                }  
            }  
            public bool Create(Customer customer)  
            {  
                try  
                {  
                    HttpClient client = new HttpClient();  
                    client.BaseAddress = new Uri(Base_URL);  
                    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));  
                    HttpResponseMessage response = client.PostAsJsonAsync("customers", customer).Result;  
                    return response.IsSuccessStatusCode;  
                }  
                catch  
                {  
                    return false;  
                }  
            }  
            public bool Edit(Customer customer)  
            {  
                try  
                {  
                    HttpClient client = new HttpClient();  
                    client.BaseAddress = new Uri(Base_URL);  
                    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));  
                    HttpResponseMessage response = client.PutAsJsonAsync("customers/" + customer.CustomerId, customer).Result;  
                    return response.IsSuccessStatusCode;  
                }  
                catch  
                {  
                    return false;  
                }  
            }  
            public bool Delete(int id)  
            {  
                try  
                {  
                    HttpClient client = new HttpClient();  
                    client.BaseAddress = new Uri(Base_URL);  
                    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));  
                    HttpResponseMessage response = client.DeleteAsync("customers/" + id).Result;  
                    return response.IsSuccessStatusCode;  
                }  
                catch  
                {  
                    return false;  
                }  
            }  
        }  
    }

    细心的朋友们可能已经发现,我的代码中有一些重复代码。实际应用中我们可以抽取成公用代码,这样任何地方都能够使用了。这里为了清楚的阐述过程,所以写了一些重复的代码。

    我们看第一行private string Base_URL = "http://localhost:50985/api/",这个Base_URL是web api的服务地址。

    接下来就可以编写Insert、Update、Delete、Select的业务逻辑了。

    第七步

    右键点击Controllers文件夹,添加一个名为Customer控制器,控制器中添加服务客户端调用的方法。

    using System;  
    using System.Collections.Generic;  
    using System.Linq;  
    using System.Web;  
    using System.Web.Mvc;  
    using MVCPersatantion.Models;  
    using MVCPersatantion.ViewModel;  
      
    namespace MVCPersatantion.Controllers  
    {  
        public class CustomerController : Controller  
        {  
            // GET: Customer  
            public ActionResult Index()  
            {  
                CustomerClient CC = new CustomerClient();  
                ViewBag.listCustomers = CC.findAll();   
                return View();  
            }  
            [HttpGet]  
            public ActionResult Create()  
            {  
                return View("Create");  
            }  
            [HttpPost]  
            public ActionResult Create(CustomerViewModel cvm)  
            {  
                CustomerClient CC = new CustomerClient();  
                CC.Create(cvm.customer);  
                return RedirectToAction("Index");  
            }  
             
            public ActionResult Delete(int id)  
            {  
                CustomerClient CC = new CustomerClient();  
                CC.Delete(id);  
                return RedirectToAction("Index");  
            }  
            [HttpGet]  
            public ActionResult Edit(int id)  
            {  
                CustomerClient CC = new CustomerClient();  
                CustomerViewModel CVM = new CustomerViewModel();  
                CVM.customer = CC.find(id);  
                return View("Edit",CVM);  
            }  
            [HttpPost]  
            public ActionResult Edit(CustomerViewModel CVM)  
            {  
                CustomerClient CC = new CustomerClient();  
                CC.Edit(CVM.customer);  
                return RedirectToAction("Index");  
            }  
        }  
    }  

    第八步

    • 创建视图页面Index.cshtml。

    • 在Index页面中添加代码。
      Index.cshtml

    @{
        ViewBag.Title = "Index";
    }
    
    <h2>Index</h2>
    
    <div align="center">
        @Html.ActionLink("Create", "Create", "Customer", new { area = "" }, null)
        <br /><br />
        <table cellpadding="2"
               class="table"
               cellspacing="2"
               border="1">
            <tr class="btn-primary">
    
                <th>
                    CustomerId
                </th>
                <th> Name</th>
                <th> Address</th>
                <th> MobileNo</th>
                <th> Birthdate</th>
                <th> EmailId</th>
                <th> Action</th>
            </tr>
            @foreach (var Cust in ViewBag.listCustomers)
            {
                <tr class="btn-success">
                    <td>
                        @Cust.CustomerId
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        @Cust.Name
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        @Cust.Address
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        @Cust.MobileNo
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        @Cust.Birthdate.ToString("dd/MM/yyyy")
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        @Cust.EmailId
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <a onclick="return confirm('确定要删除这条数据?')"
                           href="@Url.Action("Delete","Customer",new {id= Cust.CustomerId})">Delete</a> ||
                        <a href="@Url.Action("Edit","Customer",new {id= Cust.CustomerId})">Edit</a>
                       @*@Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", "Customer", new { id = Cust.CustomerId })*@
                    </td>
    
                </tr>
            }
        </table>
    </div>
    • 添加新增数据模块Create。

    • 在Customer控制器中添加create方法,在view中增加Create.cshtml。

    Create.cshtml

    @model WebApiMVC.ViewModel.CustomerViewModel
    
    @{
        ViewBag.Title = "Create";
    }
    
    <h2>Create</h2>
    
    <div align = "center" >
    @using (Html.BeginForm("create", "Customer", FormMethod.Post))
    {
        <table class="table">
            <tr>
                <td>
                    @Html.LabelFor(model => model.customer.Name)
                </td>
    
                <td>
                    @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.customer.Name)
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>
                    @Html.LabelFor(model => model.customer.Address)
                </td>
    
                <td>
                    @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.customer.Address)
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>
                    @Html.LabelFor(model => model.customer.MobileNo)
                </td>
    
                <td>
                    @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.customer.MobileNo)
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>
                    @Html.LabelFor(model => model.customer.Birthdate)
                </td>
    
                <td>
                    @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.customer.Birthdate)
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>
                    @Html.LabelFor(model => model.customer.EmailId)
                </td>
    
                <td>
                    @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.customer.EmailId)
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td></td>
    
                <td>
                    <input type="submit"  value="保存" />
                </td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    }
        </div>
    
    • 添加修改数据模块Edit。

    • 在Customer控制器中添加edit方法,在view中增加Edit.cshtml。

    Edit.cshtml

    @{
        ViewBag.Title = "Edit";
    }
    
    @model WebApiMVC.ViewModel.CustomerViewModel
    
    <h2> Edit </h2>
    <div align="center" width="500px">
        @using (Html.BeginForm("Edit", "Customer", FormMethod.Post))
        {
            <table class="table"
                   width="400px"
                   cellpadding="20">
                <tr class="btn-default">
                    <td>
                        @Html.LabelFor(model => model.customer.Name)
                    </td>
    
                    <td>
                        @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.customer.Name)
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                        @Html.LabelFor(model => model.customer.Address)
                    </td>
    
                    <td>
                        @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.customer.Address)
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                        @Html.LabelFor(model => model.customer.MobileNo)
                    </td>
    
                    <td>
                        @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.customer.MobileNo)
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                        @Html.LabelFor(model => model.customer.Birthdate)
                    </td>
    
                    <td>
                        @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.customer.Birthdate)
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                        @Html.LabelFor(model => model.customer.EmailId)
                    </td>
    
                    <td>
                        @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.customer.EmailId)
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td> </td>
    
                    <td>
                        <input type="submit" value="保存" /> &nbsp; <a class="btn-primary" href="@Url.Action("Index ","Customer ")"> 返回 </a>
                        @Html.HiddenFor(model => model.customer.CustomerId)
                    </td>
                </tr>
            </table>
        }
    </div>
    

    最终项目代码已经完成了。这时候我们运行项目试试看了。但还有一点要注意的是,我们必须同时运行web api和mvc项目。怎么办呢?其实只要在项目属性里设置就可以了。

    • 右键解决方案,选择属性(Properties)。

    • 接来下在启动项目选项中,选择多项目启动,在Action中设置两个项目同时启动。

    • 运行项目,看看CRUD操作的执行结果。

    Select

    Insert

    Update

    Delete

    这是整个技术预研的过程,本文末尾位置提供代码下载。

     作者:阿子
     博客地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/yayazi/
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Leo_wl/p/8467477.html
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