• Netty开发实现高性能的RPC服务器


    Netty开发实现高性能的RPC服务器

     RPC(Remote Procedure Call Protocol)远程过程调用协议,它是一种通过网络,从远程计算机程序上请求服务,而不必了解底层网络技术的协议。说的再直白一点,就是客户端在不必知道调用细节的前提之下,调用远程计算机上运行的某个对象,使用起来就像调用本地的对象一样。目前典型的RPC实现框架有:Thrift(facebook开源)、Dubbo(alibaba开源)等等。RPC框架针对网络协议、网络I/O模型的封装是透明的,对于调用的客户端而言,它就认为自己在调用本地的一个对象。至于传输层上,运用的是TCP协议、UDP协议、亦或是HTTP协议,一概不关心。从网络I/O模型上来看,是基于select、poll、epoll方式、还是IOCP(I/O Completion Port)方式承载实现的,对于调用者而言也不用关心。

      目前,主流的RPC框架都支持跨语言调用,即有所谓的IDL(接口定义语言),其实,这个并不是RPC所必须要求的。如果你的RPC框架没有跨语言的要求,IDL就可以不用包括了。

      最后,值得一提的是,衡量一个RPC框架性能的好坏与否,RPC的网络I/O模型的选择,至关重要。在此基础上,设计出来的RPC服务器,可以考虑支持阻塞式同步IO、非阻塞式同步IO、当然还有所谓的多路复用IO模型、异步IO模型。支持不同的网络IO模型,在高并发的状态下,处理性能上会有很大的差别。还有一个衡量的标准,就是选择的传输协议。是基于TCP协议、还是HTTP协议、还是UDP协议?对性能也有一定的影响。但是从我目前了解的情况来看,大多数RPC开源实现框架都是基于TCP、或者HTTP的,目测没有采用UDP协议做为主要的传输协议的。

      明白了RPC的使用原理和性能要求。现在,我们能不能撇开那些RPC开源框架,自己动手开发一个高性能的RPC服务器呢?我想,还是可以的。现在本人就使用Java,基于Netty,开发实现一个高性能的RPC服务器。

      如何实现、基于什么原理?并发处理性能如何?请继续接着看下文。

      我们有的时候,为了提高单个节点的通信吞吐量,提高通信性能。如果是基于Java后端的,一般首选的是NIO框架(No-block IO)。但是问题也来了,Java的NIO掌握起来要相当的技术功底,和足够的技术积累,使用起来才能得心应手。一般的开发人员,如果要使用NIO开发一个后端的TCP/HTTP服务器,附带考虑TCP粘包、网络通信异常、消息链接处理等等网络通信细节,开发门槛太高,所以比较明智的选择是,采用业界主流的NIO框架进行服务器后端开发。主流的NIO框架主要有Netty、Mina。它们主要都是基于TCP通信,非阻塞的IO、灵活的IO线程池而设计的,应对高并发请求也是绰绰有余。随着Netty、Mina这样优秀的NIO框架,设计上日趋完善,Java后端高性能服务器开发,在技术上提供了有力的支持保障,从而打破了C++在服务器后端,一统天下的局面。因为在此之前,Java的NIO一直受人诟病,让人敬而远之!

      既然,这个RPC服务器是基于Netty的,那就在说说Netty吧。实际上Netty是对JAVA NIO框架的再次封装,它的开源网址是http://netty.io/,本文中使用的Netty版本是:4.0版本,可以通过http://dl.bintray.com/netty/downloads/netty-4.0.37.Final.tar.bz2,进行下载使用。那也许你会问,如何使用Netty进行RPC服务器的开发呢?实际不难,下面我就简单的说明一下技术原理:

      1、定义RPC请求消息、应答消息结构,里面要包括RPC的接口定义模块、包括远程调用的类名、方法名称、参数结构、参数值等信息。

      2、服务端初始化的时候通过容器加载RPC接口定义和RPC接口实现类对象的映射关系,然后等待客户端发起调用请求。

      3、客户端发起的RPC消息里面包含,远程调用的类名、方法名称、参数结构、参数值等信息,通过网络,以字节流的方式送给RPC服务端,RPC服务端接收到字节流的请求之后,去对应的容器里面,查找客户端接口映射的具体实现对象。

      4、RPC服务端找到实现对象的参数信息,通过反射机制创建该对象的实例,并返回调用处理结果,最后封装成RPC应答消息通知到客户端。

      5、客户端通过网络,收到字节流形式的RPC应答消息,进行拆包、解析之后,显示远程调用结果。

      上面说的是很简单,但是实现的时候,我们还要考虑如下的问题:

      1、RPC服务器的传输层是基于TCP协议的,出现粘包咋办?这样客户端的请求,服务端不是会解析失败?好在Netty里面已经提供了解决TCP粘包问题的解码器:LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder,可以靠它轻松搞定TCP粘包问题。

      2、Netty服务端的线程模型是单线程、多线程(一个线程负责客户端连接,连接成功之后,丢给后端IO的线程池处理)、还是主从模式(客户端连接、后端IO处理都是基于线程池的实现)。当然在这里,我出于性能考虑,使用了Netty主从线程池模型。

      3、Netty的IO处理线程池,如果遇到非常耗时的业务,出现阻塞了咋办?这样不是很容易把后端的NIO线程给挂死、阻塞?本文的处理方式是,对于复杂的后端业务,分派到专门的业务线程池里面,进行异步回调处理。

      4、RPC消息的传输是通过字节流在NIO的通道(Channel)之间传输,那具体如何实现呢?本文,是通过基于Java原生对象序列化机制的编码、解码器(ObjectEncoder、ObjectDecoder)进行实现的。当然出于性能考虑,这个可能不是最优的方案。更优的方案是把消息的编码、解码器,搞成可以配置实现的。具体比如可以通过:protobuf、JBoss Marshalling方式进行解码和编码,以提高网络消息的传输效率。

      5、RPC服务器要考虑多线程、高并发的使用场景,所以线程安全是必须的。此外尽量不要使用synchronized进行加锁,改用轻量级的ReentrantLock方式进行代码块的条件加锁。比如本文中的RPC消息处理回调,就有这方面的使用。

      6、RPC服务端的服务接口对象和服务接口实现对象要能轻易的配置,轻松进行加载、卸载。在这里,本文是通过Spring容器进行统一的对象管理。

      综上所述,本文设计的RPC服务器调用的流程图如下所示:

         

      客户端并发发起RPC调用请求,然后RPC服务端使用Netty连接器,分派出N个NIO连接线程,这个时候Netty连接器的任务结束。然后NIO连接线程是统一放到Netty NIO处理线程池进行管理,这个线程池里面会对具体的RPC请求连接进行消息编码、消息解码、消息处理等等一系列操作。最后进行消息处理(Handler)的时候,处于性能考虑,这里的设计是,直接把复杂的消息处理过程,丢给专门的RPC业务处理线程池集中处理,然后Handler对应的NIO线程就立即返回、不会阻塞。这个时候RPC调用结束,客户端会异步等待服务端消息的处理结果,本文是通过消息回调机制实现(MessageCallBack)。

      再来说一说Netty对于RPC消息的解码、编码、处理对应的模块和流程,具体如下图所示:

       

      从上图可以看出客户端、服务端对RPC消息编码、解码、处理调用的模块以及调用顺序了。Netty就是把这样一个一个的处理器串在一起,形成一个责任链,统一进行调用。

      说了这么多,现在先简单看下,我设计实现的NettyRPC的代码目录层级结构:

         

      其中newlandframework.netty.rpc.core包是NettyRPC的核心实现。newlandframework.netty.rpc.model包里面,则封装了RPC消息请求、应答报文结构,以及RPC服务接口与实现绑定关系的容器定义。newlandframework.netty.rpc.config里面定义了NettyRPC的服务端文件配置属性。

      下面先来看下newlandframework.netty.rpc.model包中定义的内容。具体是RPC消息请求、应答消息的结构定义:

      RPC请求消息结构

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    /**
     * @filename:MessageRequest.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:rpc服务请求结构
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.model;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringBuilder;
    import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringStyle;
    
    public class MessageRequest implements Serializable {
    
        private String messageId;
        private String className;
        private String methodName;
        private Class<?>[] typeParameters;
        private Object[] parametersVal;
    
        public String getMessageId() {
            return messageId;
        }
    
        public void setMessageId(String messageId) {
            this.messageId = messageId;
        }
    
        public String getClassName() {
            return className;
        }
    
        public void setClassName(String className) {
            this.className = className;
        }
    
        public String getMethodName() {
            return methodName;
        }
    
        public void setMethodName(String methodName) {
            this.methodName = methodName;
        }
    
        public Class<?>[] gettypeParameters() {
            return typeParameters;
        }
    
        public void settypeParameters(Class<?>[] typeParameters) {
            this.typeParameters = typeParameters;
        }
    
        public Object[] getParameters() {
            return parametersVal;
        }
    
        public void setParameters(Object[] parametersVal) {
            this.parametersVal = parametersVal;
        }
    
        public String toString() {
            return new ToStringBuilder(this, ToStringStyle.SHORT_PREFIX_STYLE)
                    .append("messageId", messageId).append("className", className)
                    .append("methodName", methodName).toString();
        }
    }
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      RPC应答消息结构

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    /**
     * @filename:MessageResponse.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:rpc服务应答结构
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.model;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringBuilder;
    import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringStyle;
    
    public class MessageResponse implements Serializable {
    
        private String messageId;
        private String error;
        private Object resultDesc;
    
        public String getMessageId() {
            return messageId;
        }
    
        public void setMessageId(String messageId) {
            this.messageId = messageId;
        }
    
        public String getError() {
            return error;
        }
    
        public void setError(String error) {
            this.error = error;
        }
    
        public Object getResult() {
            return resultDesc;
        }
    
        public void setResult(Object resultDesc) {
            this.resultDesc = resultDesc;
        }
    
        public String toString() {
            return new ToStringBuilder(this, ToStringStyle.SHORT_PREFIX_STYLE)
                    .append("messageId", messageId).append("error", error).toString();
        }
    }
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      RPC服务接口定义、服务接口实现绑定关系容器定义,提供给spring作为容器使用。

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    /**
     * @filename:MessageKeyVal.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:rpc服务映射容器
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.model;
    
    import java.util.Map;
    
    public class MessageKeyVal {
    
        private Map<String, Object> messageKeyVal;
    
        public void setMessageKeyVal(Map<String, Object> messageKeyVal) {
            this.messageKeyVal = messageKeyVal;
        }
    
        public Map<String, Object> getMessageKeyVal() {
            return messageKeyVal;
        }
    }
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      好了,定义好核心模型结构之后,现在再向大家展示一下NettyRPC核心包:newlandframework.netty.rpc.core的关键部分实现代码,首先是业务线程池相关类的实现代码,具体如下:

      线程工厂定义实现

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    /**
     * @filename:NamedThreadFactory.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:线程工厂
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.core;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
    import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
    
    public class NamedThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
    
        private static final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
    
        private final AtomicInteger mThreadNum = new AtomicInteger(1);
    
        private final String prefix;
    
        private final boolean daemoThread;
    
        private final ThreadGroup threadGroup;
    
        public NamedThreadFactory() {
            this("rpcserver-threadpool-" + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(), false);
        }
    
        public NamedThreadFactory(String prefix) {
            this(prefix, false);
        }
    
        public NamedThreadFactory(String prefix, boolean daemo) {
            this.prefix = prefix + "-thread-";
            daemoThread = daemo;
            SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
            threadGroup = (s == null) ? Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup() : s.getThreadGroup();
        }
    
        public Thread newThread(Runnable runnable) {
            String name = prefix + mThreadNum.getAndIncrement();
            Thread ret = new Thread(threadGroup, runnable, name, 0);
            ret.setDaemon(daemoThread);
            return ret;
        }
    
        public ThreadGroup getThreadGroup() {
            return threadGroup;
        }
    }
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      业务线程池定义实现

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    /**
     * @filename:RpcThreadPool.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:rpc线程池封装
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.core;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
    import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
    import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    
    public class RpcThreadPool {
    
        //独立出线程池主要是为了应对复杂耗I/O操作的业务,不阻塞netty的handler线程而引入
        //当然如果业务足够简单,把处理逻辑写入netty的handler(ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter)也未尝不可
        public static Executor getExecutor(int threads, int queues) {
            String name = "RpcThreadPool";
            return new ThreadPoolExecutor(threads, threads, 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                    queues == 0 ? new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>()
                            : (queues < 0 ? new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()
                                    : new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(queues)),
                    new NamedThreadFactory(name, true), new AbortPolicyWithReport(name));
        }
    }
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    /**
     * @filename:AbortPolicyWithReport.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:线程池异常策略
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.core;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
    
    public class AbortPolicyWithReport extends ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy {
    
        private final String threadName;
    
        public AbortPolicyWithReport(String threadName) {
            this.threadName = threadName;
        }
    
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            String msg = String.format("RpcServer["
                    + " Thread Name: %s, Pool Size: %d (active: %d, core: %d, max: %d, largest: %d), Task: %d (completed: %d),"
                    + " Executor status:(isShutdown:%s, isTerminated:%s, isTerminating:%s)]",
                    threadName, e.getPoolSize(), e.getActiveCount(), e.getCorePoolSize(), e.getMaximumPoolSize(), e.getLargestPoolSize(),
                    e.getTaskCount(), e.getCompletedTaskCount(), e.isShutdown(), e.isTerminated(), e.isTerminating());
            System.out.println(msg);
            throw new RejectedExecutionException(msg);
        }
    }
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      RPC调用客户端定义实现

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    /**
     * @filename:MessageSendExecutor.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:Rpc客户端执行模块
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.core;
    
    import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
    
    public class MessageSendExecutor {
    
        private RpcServerLoader loader = RpcServerLoader.getInstance();
    
        public MessageSendExecutor(String serverAddress) {
            loader.load(serverAddress);
        }
    
        public void stop() {
            loader.unLoad();
        }
    
        public static <T> T execute(Class<T> rpcInterface) {
            return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
                    rpcInterface.getClassLoader(),
                    new Class<?>[]{rpcInterface},
                    new MessageSendProxy<T>(rpcInterface)
            );
        }
    }
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      这里的RPC客户端实际上,是动态代理了MessageSendProxy,当然这里是应用了,JDK原生的动态代理实现,你还可以改成CGLIB(Code Generation Library)方式。不过本人测试了一下CGLIB方式,在高并发的情况下面会出现空指针异常,但是同样的情况,JDK原生的动态代理却没有问题。并发程度不高的情况下面,两种代理方式都运行正常。后续再深入研究看看吧!废话不说了,现在给出MessageSendProxy的实现方式

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    /**
     * @filename:MessageSendProxy.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:Rpc客户端消息处理
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.core;
    
    import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
    import java.lang.reflect.Method;
    import java.util.UUID;
    import newlandframework.netty.rpc.model.MessageRequest;
    
    public class MessageSendProxy<T> implements InvocationHandler {
    
        private Class<T> cls;
    
        public MessageSendProxy(Class<T> cls) {
            this.cls = cls;
        }
    
        public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
            MessageRequest request = new MessageRequest();
            request.setMessageId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            request.setClassName(method.getDeclaringClass().getName());
            request.setMethodName(method.getName());
            request.settypeParameters(method.getParameterTypes());
            request.setParameters(args);
    
            MessageSendHandler handler = RpcServerLoader.getInstance().getMessageSendHandler();
            MessageCallBack callBack = handler.sendRequest(request);
            return callBack.start();
        }
    }
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      进一步发现MessageSendProxy其实是把消息发送给RpcServerLoader模块,它的代码如下:

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    /**
     * @filename:RpcServerLoader.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:rpc服务器配置加载
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.core;
    
    import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
    
    public class RpcServerLoader {
    
        private volatile static RpcServerLoader rpcServerLoader;
        private final static String DELIMITER = ":";
    
        //方法返回到Java虚拟机的可用的处理器数量
        private final static int parallel = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() * 2;
        //netty nio线程池
        private EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(parallel);
        private static ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) RpcThreadPool.getExecutor(16, -1);
        private MessageSendHandler messageSendHandler = null;
    
        private RpcServerLoader() {
        }
    
        //并发双重锁定
        public static RpcServerLoader getInstance() {
            if (rpcServerLoader == null) {
                synchronized (RpcServerLoader.class) {
                    if (rpcServerLoader == null) {
                        rpcServerLoader = new RpcServerLoader();
                    }
                }
            }
            return rpcServerLoader;
        }
    
        public void load(String serverAddress) {
            String[] ipAddr = serverAddress.split(RpcServerLoader.DELIMITER);
            if (ipAddr.length == 2) {
                String host = ipAddr[0];
                int port = Integer.parseInt(ipAddr[1]);
                final InetSocketAddress remoteAddr = new InetSocketAddress(host, port);
    
                threadPoolExecutor.submit(new MessageSendInitializeTask(eventLoopGroup, remoteAddr, this));
            }
        }
    
        public void setMessageSendHandler(MessageSendHandler messageInHandler) {
            this.messageSendHandler = messageInHandler;
        }
    
        public MessageSendHandler getMessageSendHandler() {
            return messageSendHandler;
        }
    
        public void unLoad() {
            messageSendHandler.close();
            threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();
            eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
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      好了,现在一次性给出RPC客户端消息编码、解码、处理的模块实现代码。

    复制代码
    /**
     * @filename:MessageSendInitializeTask.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:Rpc客户端线程任务处理
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.core;
    
    import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
    import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
    
    public class MessageSendInitializeTask implements Runnable {
    
        private EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = null;
        private InetSocketAddress serverAddress = null;
        private RpcServerLoader loader = null;
    
        MessageSendInitializeTask(EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup, InetSocketAddress serverAddress, RpcServerLoader loader) {
            this.eventLoopGroup = eventLoopGroup;
            this.serverAddress = serverAddress;
            this.loader = loader;
        }
    
        public void run() {
            Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
            b.group(eventLoopGroup)
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class).option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
            b.handler(new MessageSendChannelInitializer());
    
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = b.connect(serverAddress);
            channelFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
                public void operationComplete(final ChannelFuture channelFuture) throws Exception {
                    if (channelFuture.isSuccess()) {
                        MessageSendHandler handler = channelFuture.channel().pipeline().get(MessageSendHandler.class);
                        MessageSendInitializeTask.this.loader.setMessageSendHandler(handler);
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }
    复制代码
    复制代码
    /**
     * @filename:MessageSendChannelInitializer.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:Rpc客户端管道初始化
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.core;
    
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldPrepender;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ClassResolvers;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ObjectDecoder;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ObjectEncoder;
    
    public class MessageSendChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    
        //ObjectDecoder 底层默认继承半包解码器LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder处理粘包问题的时候,
        //消息头开始即为长度字段,占据4个字节。这里出于保持兼容的考虑
        final public static int MESSAGE_LENGTH = 4;
    
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
            ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
            //ObjectDecoder的基类半包解码器LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder的报文格式保持兼容。因为底层的父类LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder
            //的初始化参数即为super(maxObjectSize, 0, 4, 0, 4);
            pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, MessageSendChannelInitializer.MESSAGE_LENGTH, 0, MessageSendChannelInitializer.MESSAGE_LENGTH));
            //利用LengthFieldPrepender回填补充ObjectDecoder消息报文头
            pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldPrepender(MessageSendChannelInitializer.MESSAGE_LENGTH));
            pipeline.addLast(new ObjectEncoder());
            //考虑到并发性能,采用weakCachingConcurrentResolver缓存策略。一般情况使用:cacheDisabled即可
            pipeline.addLast(new ObjectDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, ClassResolvers.weakCachingConcurrentResolver(this.getClass().getClassLoader())));
            pipeline.addLast(new MessageSendHandler());
        }
    }
    复制代码
    复制代码
    /**
     * @filename:MessageSendHandler.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:Rpc客户端处理模块
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.core;
    
    import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
    import io.netty.channel.Channel;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
    import java.net.SocketAddress;
    import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
    import newlandframework.netty.rpc.model.MessageRequest;
    import newlandframework.netty.rpc.model.MessageResponse;
    
    public class MessageSendHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    
        private ConcurrentHashMap<String, MessageCallBack> mapCallBack = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, MessageCallBack>();
    
        private volatile Channel channel;
        private SocketAddress remoteAddr;
    
        public Channel getChannel() {
            return channel;
        }
    
        public SocketAddress getRemoteAddr() {
            return remoteAddr;
        }
    
        public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            super.channelActive(ctx);
            this.remoteAddr = this.channel.remoteAddress();
        }
    
        public void channelRegistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            super.channelRegistered(ctx);
            this.channel = ctx.channel();
        }
    
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            MessageResponse response = (MessageResponse) msg;
            String messageId = response.getMessageId();
            MessageCallBack callBack = mapCallBack.get(messageId);
            if (callBack != null) {
                mapCallBack.remove(messageId);
                callBack.over(response);
            }
        }
    
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
            ctx.close();
        }
    
        public void close() {
            channel.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
        }
    
        public MessageCallBack sendRequest(MessageRequest request) {
            MessageCallBack callBack = new MessageCallBack(request);
            mapCallBack.put(request.getMessageId(), callBack);
            channel.writeAndFlush(request);
            return callBack;
        }
    }
    复制代码

      最后给出RPC服务端的实现。首先是通过spring自动加载RPC服务接口、接口实现容器绑定加载,初始化Netty主/从线程池等操作,具体是通过MessageRecvExecutor模块实现的,现在给出实现代码:

    复制代码
    /**
     * @filename:MessageRecvExecutor.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:Rpc服务器执行模块
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.core;
    
    import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
    import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
    import java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.Set;
    import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
    import java.util.logging.Level;
    import newlandframework.netty.rpc.model.MessageKeyVal;
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
    
    public class MessageRecvExecutor implements ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean {
    
        private String serverAddress;
        private final static String DELIMITER = ":";
    
        private Map<String, Object> handlerMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>();
    
        private static ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor;
    
        public MessageRecvExecutor(String serverAddress) {
            this.serverAddress = serverAddress;
        }
    
        public static void submit(Runnable task) {
            if (threadPoolExecutor == null) {
                synchronized (MessageRecvExecutor.class) {
                    if (threadPoolExecutor == null) {
                        threadPoolExecutor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) RpcThreadPool.getExecutor(16, -1);
                    }
                }
            }
            threadPoolExecutor.submit(task);
        }
    
        public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext ctx) throws BeansException {
            try {
                MessageKeyVal keyVal = (MessageKeyVal) ctx.getBean(Class.forName("newlandframework.netty.rpc.model.MessageKeyVal"));
                Map<String, Object> rpcServiceObject = keyVal.getMessageKeyVal();
    
                Set s = rpcServiceObject.entrySet();
                Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Object>> it = s.iterator();
                Map.Entry<String, Object> entry;
    
                while (it.hasNext()) {
                    entry = it.next();
                    handlerMap.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
                }
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(MessageRecvExecutor.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            }
        }
    
        public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
            //netty的线程池模型设置成主从线程池模式,这样可以应对高并发请求
            //当然netty还支持单线程、多线程网络IO模型,可以根据业务需求灵活配置
            ThreadFactory threadRpcFactory = new NamedThreadFactory("NettyRPC ThreadFactory");
            
            //方法返回到Java虚拟机的可用的处理器数量
            int parallel = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() * 2;
        
            EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup(parallel,threadRpcFactory,SelectorProvider.provider());
            
            try {
                ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
                bootstrap.group(boss, worker).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                        .childHandler(new MessageRecvChannelInitializer(handlerMap))
                        .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
                        .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
    
                String[] ipAddr = serverAddress.split(MessageRecvExecutor.DELIMITER);
    
                if (ipAddr.length == 2) {
                    String host = ipAddr[0];
                    int port = Integer.parseInt(ipAddr[1]);
                    ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(host, port).sync();
                    System.out.printf("[author tangjie] Netty RPC Server start success ip:%s port:%d
    ", host, port);
                    future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
                } else {
                    System.out.printf("[author tangjie] Netty RPC Server start fail!
    ");
                }
            } finally {
                worker.shutdownGracefully();
                boss.shutdownGracefully();
            }
        }
    }
    复制代码

      最后还是老规矩,给出RPC服务端消息编码、解码、处理的核心模块代码实现,具体如下:

    复制代码
    /**
     * @filename:MessageRecvChannelInitializer.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:Rpc服务端管道初始化
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.core;
    
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldPrepender;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ClassResolvers;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ObjectDecoder;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ObjectEncoder;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    public class MessageRecvChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    
        //ObjectDecoder 底层默认继承半包解码器LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder处理粘包问题的时候,
        //消息头开始即为长度字段,占据4个字节。这里出于保持兼容的考虑
        final public static int MESSAGE_LENGTH = 4;
        private Map<String, Object> handlerMap = null;
    
        MessageRecvChannelInitializer(Map<String, Object> handlerMap) {
            this.handlerMap = handlerMap;
        }
    
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
            ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
            //ObjectDecoder的基类半包解码器LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder的报文格式保持兼容。因为底层的父类LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder
            //的初始化参数即为super(maxObjectSize, 0, 4, 0, 4); 
            pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, MessageRecvChannelInitializer.MESSAGE_LENGTH, 0, MessageRecvChannelInitializer.MESSAGE_LENGTH));
            //利用LengthFieldPrepender回填补充ObjectDecoder消息报文头
            pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldPrepender(MessageRecvChannelInitializer.MESSAGE_LENGTH));
            pipeline.addLast(new ObjectEncoder());
            //考虑到并发性能,采用weakCachingConcurrentResolver缓存策略。一般情况使用:cacheDisabled即可
            pipeline.addLast(new ObjectDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, ClassResolvers.weakCachingConcurrentResolver(this.getClass().getClassLoader())));
            pipeline.addLast(new MessageRecvHandler(handlerMap));
        }
    }
    复制代码
    复制代码
    /**
     * @filename:MessageRecvHandler.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:Rpc服务器消息处理
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.core;
    
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
    import java.util.Map;
    import newlandframework.netty.rpc.model.MessageRequest;
    import newlandframework.netty.rpc.model.MessageResponse;
    
    public class MessageRecvHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    
        private final Map<String, Object> handlerMap;
    
        public MessageRecvHandler(Map<String, Object> handlerMap) {
            this.handlerMap = handlerMap;
        }
    
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            MessageRequest request = (MessageRequest) msg;
            MessageResponse response = new MessageResponse();
            MessageRecvInitializeTask recvTask = new MessageRecvInitializeTask(request, response, handlerMap, ctx);
            //不要阻塞nio线程,复杂的业务逻辑丢给专门的线程池
            MessageRecvExecutor.submit(recvTask);
        }
    
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
            //网络有异常要关闭通道
            ctx.close();
        }
    }
    复制代码
    复制代码
    /**
     * @filename:MessageRecvInitializeTask.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:Rpc服务器消息线程任务处理
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.core;
    
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    import java.util.Map;
    import newlandframework.netty.rpc.model.MessageRequest;
    import newlandframework.netty.rpc.model.MessageResponse;
    import org.apache.commons.beanutils.MethodUtils;
    
    public class MessageRecvInitializeTask implements Runnable {
    
        private MessageRequest request = null;
        private MessageResponse response = null;
        private Map<String, Object> handlerMap = null;
        private ChannelHandlerContext ctx = null;
    
        public MessageResponse getResponse() {
            return response;
        }
    
        public MessageRequest getRequest() {
            return request;
        }
    
        public void setRequest(MessageRequest request) {
            this.request = request;
        }
    
        MessageRecvInitializeTask(MessageRequest request, MessageResponse response, Map<String, Object> handlerMap, ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
            this.request = request;
            this.response = response;
            this.handlerMap = handlerMap;
            this.ctx = ctx;
        }
    
        public void run() {
            response.setMessageId(request.getMessageId());
            try {
                Object result = reflect(request);
                response.setResult(result);
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                response.setError(t.toString());
                t.printStackTrace();
                System.err.printf("RPC Server invoke error!
    ");
            }
    
            ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
                public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture channelFuture) throws Exception {
                    System.out.println("RPC Server Send message-id respone:" + request.getMessageId());
                }
            });
        }
    
        private Object reflect(MessageRequest request) throws Throwable {
            String className = request.getClassName();
            Object serviceBean = handlerMap.get(className);
            String methodName = request.getMethodName();
            Object[] parameters = request.getParameters();
            return MethodUtils.invokeMethod(serviceBean, methodName, parameters);
        }
    }
    复制代码

      然后是RPC消息处理的回调实现模块代码

    复制代码
    /**
     * @filename:MessageCallBack.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:Rpc消息回调
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.core;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
    import newlandframework.netty.rpc.model.MessageRequest;
    import newlandframework.netty.rpc.model.MessageResponse;
    
    public class MessageCallBack {
    
        private MessageRequest request;
        private MessageResponse response;
        private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        private Condition finish = lock.newCondition();
    
        public MessageCallBack(MessageRequest request) {
            this.request = request;
        }
    
        public Object start() throws InterruptedException {
            try {
                lock.lock();
                //设定一下超时时间,rpc服务器太久没有相应的话,就默认返回空吧。
                finish.await(10*1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
                if (this.response != null) {
                    return this.response.getResult();
                } else {
                    return null;
                }
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    
        public void over(MessageResponse reponse) {
            try {
                lock.lock();
                finish.signal();
                this.response = reponse;
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
    复制代码

      到此为止,NettyRPC的关键部分:服务端、客户端的模块已经通过Netty全部实现了。现在给出spring加载配置rpc-invoke-config.xml的内容:

    复制代码
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
      <context:component-scan base-package="newlandframework.netty.rpc.core"/>
      <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:newlandframework/netty/rpc/config/rpc-server.properties"/>
      <bean id="rpcbean" class="newlandframework.netty.rpc.model.MessageKeyVal">
        <property name="messageKeyVal">
          <map>
            <entry key="newlandframework.netty.rpc.servicebean.Calculate">
              <ref bean="calc"/>
            </entry>
          </map>
        </property>
      </bean>
      <bean id="calc" class="newlandframework.netty.rpc.servicebean.CalculateImpl"/>
      <bean id="rpcServer" class="newlandframework.netty.rpc.core.MessageRecvExecutor">
        <constructor-arg name="serverAddress" value="${rpc.server.addr}"/>
      </bean>
    </beans>
    复制代码

      再贴出RPC服务绑定ip信息的配置文件:rpc-server.properties的内容。

    #rpc server's ip address config
    rpc.server.addr=127.0.0.1:18888

      最后NettyRPC服务端启动方式参考如下:

    new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("newlandframework/netty/rpc/config/rpc-invoke-config.xml");

      如果一切顺利,没有出现意外的话,控制台上面,会出现如下截图所示的情况:

      如果出现了,说明NettyRPC服务器,已经启动成功!

      上面基于Netty的RPC服务器,并发处理性能如何呢?实践是检验真理的唯一标准,下面我们就来实战一下。

      下面的测试案例,是基于RPC远程调用两数相加函数,并返回计算结果。客户端同时开1W个线程,同一时刻,瞬时发起并发计算请求,然后观察Netty的RPC服务器是否有正常应答回复响应,以及客户端是否有正常返回调用计算结果。值得注意的是,测试案例是基于1W个线程瞬时并发请求而设计的,并不是1W个线程循环发起请求。这两者对于衡量RPC服务器的并发处理性能,还是有很大差别的。当然,前者对于并发性能的处理要求,要高上很多很多。

      现在,先给出RPC计算接口、RPC计算接口实现类的代码实现:

    复制代码
    /**
     * @filename:Calculate.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:计算器定义接口
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.servicebean;
    
    public interface Calculate {
        //两数相加
        int add(int a, int b);
    }
    复制代码
    复制代码
    /**
     * @filename:CalculateImpl.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:计算器定义接口实现
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.servicebean;
    
    public class CalculateImpl implements Calculate {
        //两数相加
        public int add(int a, int b) {
            return a + b;
        }
    }
    复制代码

      下面是瞬时并发RPC请求的测试样例:

    复制代码
    /**
     * @filename:CalcParallelRequestThread.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:并发线程模拟
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.servicebean;
    
    import newlandframework.netty.rpc.core.MessageSendExecutor;
    import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
    import java.util.logging.Level;
    import java.util.logging.Logger;
    
    public class CalcParallelRequestThread implements Runnable {
    
        private CountDownLatch signal;
        private CountDownLatch finish;
        private MessageSendExecutor executor;
        private int taskNumber = 0;
    
        public CalcParallelRequestThread(MessageSendExecutor executor, CountDownLatch signal, CountDownLatch finish, int taskNumber) {
            this.signal = signal;
            this.finish = finish;
            this.taskNumber = taskNumber;
            this.executor = executor;
        }
    
        public void run() {
            try {
                signal.await();
    
                Calculate calc = executor.execute(Calculate.class);
                int add = calc.add(taskNumber, taskNumber);
                System.out.println("calc add result:[" + add + "]");
    
                finish.countDown();
            } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
                Logger.getLogger(CalcRequestThread.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            }
        }
    }
    复制代码
    复制代码
    /**
     * @filename:RpcParallelTest.java
     *
     * Newland Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
     *
     * @Description:rpc并发测试代码
     * @author tangjie
     * @version 1.0
     *
     */
    package newlandframework.netty.rpc.servicebean;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
    import newlandframework.netty.rpc.core.MessageSendExecutor;
    import org.apache.commons.lang.time.StopWatch;
    
    public class RpcParallelTest {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            final MessageSendExecutor executor = new MessageSendExecutor("127.0.0.1:18888");
            //并行度10000
            int parallel = 10000;
    
            //开始计时
            StopWatch sw = new StopWatch();
            sw.start();
    
            CountDownLatch signal = new CountDownLatch(1);
            CountDownLatch finish = new CountDownLatch(parallel);
    
            for (int index = 0; index < parallel; index++) {
                CalcParallelRequestThread client = new CalcParallelRequestThread(executor, signal, finish, index);
                new Thread(client).start();
            }
            
            //10000个并发线程瞬间发起请求操作
            signal.countDown();
            finish.await();
            
            sw.stop();
    
            String tip = String.format("RPC调用总共耗时: [%s] 毫秒", sw.getTime());
            System.out.println(tip);
    
            executor.stop();
        }
    }
    复制代码

      好了,现在先启动NettyRPC服务器,确认没有问题之后,运行并发RPC请求客户端,看下客户端打印的计算结果,以及处理耗时。

         

      从上面来看,10000个瞬时RPC计算请求,总共耗时接近11秒。我们在来看下NettyRPC的服务端运行情况,如下所示:

         

      可以很清楚地看到,RPC服务端都有收到客户端发起的RPC计算请求,并返回消息应答。

      最后我们还是要分别验证一下,RPC服务端是否存在丢包、粘包、IO阻塞的情况?1W个并发计算请求,是否成功接收处理并应答了?实际情况说明一切,看下图所示:

          

       非常给力,RPC的服务端确实成功接收到了客户端发起的1W笔瞬时并发计算请求,并且成功应答处理了。并没有出现:丢包、粘包、IO阻塞的情况。再看下RPC客户端,是否成功得到计算结果的应答返回了呢?

      

      很好,RPC的客户端,确实收到了RPC服务端计算的1W笔加法请求的计算结果,而且耗时接近11秒。由此可见,基于Netty+业务线程池的NettyRPC服务器,应对并发多线程RPC请求,处理起来是得心应手,游刃有余!

      最后,本文通过Netty这个NIO框架,实现了一个很简单的“高性能”的RPC服务器,代码虽然写出来了,但是还是有一些值得改进的地方,比如:

      1、对象序列化传输可以支持目前主流的序列化框架:protobuf、JBoss Marshalling、Avro等等。

      2、Netty的线程模型可以根据业务需求,进行定制。因为,并不是每笔业务都需要这么强大的并发处理性能。

      3、目前RPC计算只支持一个RPC服务接口映射绑定一个对应的实现,后续要支持一对多的情况。

      4、业务线程池的启动参数、线程池并发阻塞容器模型等等,可以配置化管理。

      5、Netty的Handler处理部分,对于复杂的业务逻辑,现在是统一分派到特定的线程池进行后台异步处理。当然你还可以考虑JMS(消息队列)方式进行解耦,统一分派给消息队列的订阅者,统一处理。目前实现JMS的开源框架也有很多,ActiveMQ、RocketMQ等等,都可以考虑。

      本文实现的NettyRPC,对于面前的您而言,一定还有很多地方,可以加以完善和改进,优化改进的工作就交给您自由发挥了。

      由于本人技术能力、认知水平有限。本文中有说不对的地方,恳请园友们批评指正!不吝赐教!最后,感谢面前的您,耐心的阅读完本文,相信现在的你,对于Java开发高性能的服务端应用,又有了一个更深入的了解!本文算是对我Netty学习成果的阶段性总结,后续有时间,我还会继续推出Netty工业级开发的相关文章,敬请期待!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Leo_wl/p/5616117.html
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