• Spring Boot 基础

    Spring Boot 基础

    Spring Boot 项目（参考1） 提供了一个类似ASP.NET MVC的默认模板一样的标准样板，直接集成了一系列的组件并使用了默认的配置。使用Spring Boot 不会降低学习成本，甚至增加了学习成本，但显著降低了使用成本并提高了开发效率。如果没有Spring基础不建议直接上手。

    1.基础项目

    这里只关注基于Maven的项目构建，使用Spring Boot CLI命令行工具和Gradle构建方式请参考官网。

    （1）创建项目：

    创建类型为quickstart的Maven项目，删除默认生成的.java文件保持默认的Maven目录即可。

    （2）修改/pom.xml

    复制代码
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 3     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 4     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 5     <groupId>com.example</groupId>
 6     <artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
 7     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
 8     <properties>
 9         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
10     </properties>
11     <parent>
12         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
13         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
14         <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
15     </parent>
16     <dependencies>
17         <dependency>
18             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
19             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
20         </dependency>
21     </dependencies>
22 </project>
    复制代码

    （3）添加/src/main/sample/controller/HomeController.java文件：

    复制代码
     1 package simple.controller;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
 4 
 5 @RestController
 6 public class HomeController {
 7 
 8     @RequestMapping("/")
 9     public String index() {
10         return "Hello World!";
11     }
12 }
    复制代码

    （4）添加/src/main/sample/Application.java文件：

    复制代码
     1 package simple;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.boot.*;
 4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
 5 import simple.controller.*;
 6 
 7 @EnableAutoConfiguration
 8 public class Application {
 9 
10     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
11         SpringApplication.run(new Object[] { Application.class, HomeController.class }, args);
12     }
13 
14 }
    复制代码

    在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/，即可直接看到"Hello World"运行结果。

    2. 添加数据访问支持

    （1）修改pom，添加spring-boot-starter-data-jpa和h2依赖:

    复制代码
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 3     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 4     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 5     <groupId>com.example</groupId>
 6     <artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
 7     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
 8     <properties>
 9         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
10     </properties>
11     <parent>
12         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
13         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
14         <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
15     </parent>
16     <dependencies>
17         <dependency>
18             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
19             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
20         </dependency>
21         <dependency>
22             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
23             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
24         </dependency>
25         <dependency>
26             <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
27             <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
28             <scope>runtime</scope>
29         </dependency>
30     </dependencies>
31 </project>
    复制代码

    如果需要在控制台查看生成SQL语句，可以添加/src/main/resources/application.properties

    1 spring.h2.console.enabled=true
2 logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL=debug

    （2）添加实体

    添加User、Role、Category和Post实体。

    User:

     View Code

    package simple.domain;

    import java.util.*;

    import javax.persistence.*;

    @Entity
    public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    private String userName;

    private String password;

    private String Email;

    @javax.persistence.Version
    private Long Version;

    @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private List<Role> roles = new ArrayList<Role>();

    public Long getId() {
    return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
    this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
    return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
    this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
    return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
    this.password = password;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
    return Email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
    Email = email;
    }

    public List<Role> getRoles() {
    return roles;
    }

    public void setRoles(List<Role> roles) {
    this.roles = roles;
    }

    public Long getVersion() {
    return Version;
    }

    public void setVersion(Long version) {
    Version = version;
    }
    }

    Role:

     View Code

    package simple.domain;

    import java.util.*;

    import javax.persistence.*;

    @Entity
    public class Role {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    private String roleName;

    @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();

    public Long getId() {
    return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
    this.id = id;
    }

    public String getRoleName() {
    return roleName;
    }

    public void setRoleName(String roleName) {
    this.roleName = roleName;
    }

    public List<User> getUsers() {
    return users;
    }

    public void setUsers(List<User> users) {
    this.users = users;
    }
    }

    Category:

     View Code

    package simple.domain;

    import java.util.*;

    import javax.persistence.*;

    @Entity
    public class Category {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    private String Name;

    @OneToMany
    private List<Post> posts = new ArrayList<Post>();

    public Long getId() {
    return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
    this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
    return Name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
    Name = name;
    }

    public List<Post> getPosts() {
    return posts;
    }

    public void setPosts(List<Post> posts) {
    this.posts = posts;
    }
    }

    Post:

     View Code

    package simple.domain;

    import java.util.*;

    import javax.persistence.*;

    @Entity
    public class Post {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    private String Name;

    private String Html;

    private String Text;

    private Date CreateAt;

    @ManyToOne
    private Category category;

    public Long getId() {
    return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
    this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
    return Name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
    Name = name;
    }

    public String getHtml() {
    return Html;
    }

    public void setHtml(String html) {
    Html = html;
    }

    public String getText() {
    return Text;
    }

    public void setText(String text) {
    Text = text;
    }

    public Date getCreateAt() {
    return CreateAt;
    }

    public void setCreateAt(Date createAt) {
    CreateAt = createAt;
    }

    public Category getCategory() {
    return category;
    }

    public void setCategory(Category category) {
    this.category = category;
    }
    }

    （3）添加资源库

    添加UserRepository、RoleRepository、CategoryRepository和PostRepository接口，无需实现。

    UserRepository:

    复制代码
    1 package simple.repository;
2 
3 import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
4 
5 import simple.domain.*;
6 
7 public interface UserRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {
8 
9 }
    复制代码

    RoleRepository

    复制代码
    1 package simple.repository;
2 
3 import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
4 
5 import simple.domain.*;
6 
7 public interface RoleRepository extends CrudRepository<Role, Long> {
8 
9 }
    复制代码

    CategoryRepository

    复制代码
    1 package simple.repository;
2 
3 import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
4 
5 import simple.domain.*;
6 
7 public interface CategoryRepository extends CrudRepository<Category, Long> {
8 
9 }
    复制代码

    PostRepository

    复制代码
    package simple.repository;

import org.springframework.data.repository.*;

import simple.domain.*;

public interface PostRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {

}
    复制代码

    （4）在控制器中注入资源库接口

    复制代码
     1 package simple.controller;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.*;
 4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
 5 
 6 import simple.repository.*;
 7 
 8 @RestController
 9 public class HomeController {
10 
11     private UserRepository userRepository;
12     private RoleRepository roleRepository;
13     private CategoryRepository categoryRepository;
14     private PostRepository postReppository;
15 
16     @Autowired
17     public HomeController(UserRepository userRepository, RoleRepository roleRepository,
18             CategoryRepository categoryRepository, PostRepository postReppository) {
19         this.userRepository = userRepository;
20         this.roleRepository = roleRepository;
21         this.categoryRepository = categoryRepository;
22         this.postReppository = postReppository;
23     }
24 
25 
26     @RequestMapping("/")
27     public long index() {
28         return userRepository.count();
29     }
30 }
    复制代码

    使用事务时在方法上应用注解@Transactional

    3.添加验证和授权支持

    （1）添加spring-boot-starter-security依赖

    复制代码
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 3     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 4     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 5     <groupId>com.example</groupId>
 6     <artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
 7     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
 8     <properties>
 9         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
10     </properties>
11     <parent>
12         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
13         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
14         <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
15     </parent>
16     <dependencies>
17         <dependency>
18             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
19             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
20         </dependency>
21         <dependency>
22             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
23             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
24         </dependency>
25         <dependency>
26             <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
27             <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
28             <scope>runtime</scope>
29         </dependency>
30         <dependency>
31             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
32             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
33         </dependency>
34     </dependencies>
35 </project>
    复制代码

    （2）修改Application.java

    复制代码
     1 package simple;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.boot.*;
 4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
 5 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 6 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.*;
 7 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
 8 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
 9 import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler;
10 
11 import simple.controller.*;
12 
13 @EnableAutoConfiguration
14 @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true, prePostEnabled = true)
15 public class Application {
16 
17     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
18         SpringApplication.run(new Object[] { Application.class, HomeController.class }, args);
19     }
20 
21     @Bean
22     public WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter webSecurityConfigurerAdapter() {
23         return new MyWebSecurityConfigurer();
24     }
25 
26     public static class MyWebSecurityConfigurer extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
27         @Override
28         protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
29             http.csrf().disable();
30             http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/account**", "/admin**").authenticated();
31             http.formLogin().usernameParameter("userName").passwordParameter("password").loginPage("/login")
32                     .loginProcessingUrl("/login").successHandler(new SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler())
33                     .and().logout().logoutUrl("/logout").logoutSuccessUrl("/");
34             http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("rememberMe");
35 
36         }
37     }
38 }
    复制代码

    访问http://localhost:8080/account会自动跳转到login登录页。Spring Security的具体使用前文已有所述。

    参考：

    （1）https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot

    （2）http://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/

    （3）https://github.com/qibaoguang/Spring-Boot-Reference-Guide/blob/master/SUMMARY.md

    随笔里的文章都是干货，都是解决实际问题的，这些问题我在网上找不到更好的解决方法，才会有你看到的这一篇篇随笔，因此如果这篇博客内容对您稍有帮助或略有借鉴，请您推荐它帮助更多的人。如果你有提供实际可行的更好方案，请推荐给我。
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/Leo_wl/p/5125756.html
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