继续延续坑爹标题系列。其实只是把apress.pro.asp.net.mvc.4.framework里的CHAPTER 13翻译过来罢了，当做自己总结吧。内容看看就好，排版就不要吐槽了，反正我知道你也不会反对的。
XD 首先说URL的构造。 其实这个也谈不上构造，只是语法特性吧。
命名参数规范+匿名对象
routes.MapRoute( name: "Default", url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } ); |
构造路由然后添加
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Route myRoute = new Route("{controller}/{action}", new MvcRouteHandler()); routes.Add("MyRoute", myRoute); |
直接方法重载+匿名对象
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routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" }); |
个人觉得第一种比较易懂，第二种方便调试，第三种写起来比较效率吧。各取所需吧。本文行文偏向于第三种。
1.默认路由(MVC自带)
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routes.MapRoute( "Default", // 路由名称 "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // 带有参数的 URL new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // 参数默认值 (UrlParameter.Optional-可选的意思) ); |
2.静态URL段
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routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }); routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" }); <br><br>routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction.js", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }); |
没有占位符路由就是现成的写死的。
比如这样写然后去访问http://localhost:XXX/Shop/OldAction.js，response也是完全没问题的。 controller , action , area这三个保留字就别设静态变量里面了。
3.自定义常规变量URL段（好吧这翻译暴露智商了）
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routes.MapRoute("MyRoute2", "{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "DefaultId" }); |
这种情况如果访问 /Home/Index 的话，因为第三段（id）没有值，根据路由规则这个参数会被设为DefaultId
这个用viewbag给title赋值就能很明显看出
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ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"]; |
图不贴了，结果是标题显示为DefaultId。 注意要在控制器里面赋值，在视图赋值没法编译的。
4.再述默认路由
然后再回到默认路由。 UrlParameter.Optional这个叫可选URL段.路由里没有这个参数的话id为null。 照原文大致说法，这个可选URL段能用来实现一个关注点的分离。刚才在路由里直接设定参数默认值其实不是很好。照我的理解，实际参数是用户发来的，我们做的只是定义形式参数名。但是，如果硬要给参数赋默认值的话，建议用语法糖写到action参数里面。比如：
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public ActionResult Index(string id = "abcd") { ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"]; return View(); } |
5.可变长度路由。
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routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }); |
在这里id和最后一段都是可变的，所以 /Home/Index/dabdafdaf 等效于 /Home/Index//abcdefdjldfiaeahfoeiho 等效于 /Home/Index/All/Delete/Perm/.....
6.跨命名空间路由
这个提醒一下记得引用命名空间，开启IIS网站不然就是404。这个非常非主流，不建议瞎搞。
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routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers", "UrlsAndRoutes.Controllers" }); |
但是这样写的话数组排名不分先后的，如果有多个匹配的路由会报错。 然后作者提出了一种改进写法。
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routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute", "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" }); |
这样第一个URL段不是Home的都交给第二个处理 最后还可以设定这个路由找不到的话就不给后面的路由留后路啦，也就不再往下找啦。
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Route myRoute = routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute", "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); <br><br>myRoute.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"] = false; |
7.正则表达式匹配路由
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routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new { controller = "^H.*"}, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"}); |
约束多个URL
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routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new { controller = "^H.*", action = "^Index$|^About$"}, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"}); |
8.指定请求方法
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routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new { controller = "^H.*", action = "Index|About", httpMethod = new HttpMethodConstraint("GET") }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" }); |
9.最后还是不爽的话自己写个类实现 IRouteConstraint的匹配方法。
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using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Routing;/// <summary>/// If the standard constraints are not sufficient for your needs, you can define your own custom constraints by implementing the IRouteConstraint interface. /// </summary>public class UserAgentConstraint : IRouteConstraint{ private string requiredUserAgent; public UserAgentConstraint(string agentParam) { requiredUserAgent = agentParam; } public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName, RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection) { return httpContext.Request.UserAgent != null && httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains(requiredUserAgent); }} |
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routes.MapRoute("ChromeRoute", "{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }, new { customConstraint = new UserAgentConstraint("Chrome") }, new[] { "UrlsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); |
比如这个就用来匹配是否是用谷歌浏览器访问网页的。
10.访问本地文档
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routes.RouteExistingFiles = true; routes.MapRoute("DiskFile", "Content/StaticContent.html", new { controller = "Customer", action = "List", }); |
浏览网站，以开启 IIS Express，然后点显示所有应用程序-点击网站名称-配置（applicationhost.config）-搜索UrlRoutingModule节点
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<add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="managedHandler,runtimeVersionv4.0" /> |
把这个节点里的preCondition删除，变成
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<add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="" /> |
11.直接访问本地资源，绕过了路由系统
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routes.IgnoreRoute("Content/{filename}.html"); |
文件名还可以用 {filename}占位符。
IgnoreRoute方法是RouteCollection里面StopRoutingHandler类的一个实例。路由系统通过硬-编码识别这个Handler。如果这个规则匹配的话，后面的规则都无效了。 这也就是默认的路由里面routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");写最前面的原因。
路由测试（在测试项目的基础上，要装moq）
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PM> Install-Package Moq |
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using System;using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;using System.Web;using Moq;using System.Web.Routing;using System.Reflection;[TestClass]public class RoutesTest{ private HttpContextBase CreateHttpContext(string targetUrl = null, string HttpMethod = "GET") { // create the mock request Mock<HttpRequestBase> mockRequest = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>(); mockRequest.Setup(m => m.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath) .Returns(targetUrl); mockRequest.Setup(m => m.HttpMethod).Returns(HttpMethod); // create the mock response Mock<HttpResponseBase> mockResponse = new Mock<HttpResponseBase>(); mockResponse.Setup(m => m.ApplyAppPathModifier( It.IsAny<string>())).Returns<string>(s => s); // create the mock context, using the request and response Mock<HttpContextBase> mockContext = new Mock<HttpContextBase>(); mockContext.Setup(m => m.Request).Returns(mockRequest.Object); mockContext.Setup(m => m.Response).Returns(mockResponse.Object); // return the mocked context return mockContext.Object; } private void TestRouteMatch(string url, string controller, string action, object routeProperties = null, string httpMethod = "GET") { // Arrange RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection(); RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes); // Act - process the route RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url, httpMethod)); // Assert Assert.IsNotNull(result); Assert.IsTrue(TestIncomingRouteResult(result, controller, action, routeProperties)); } private bool TestIncomingRouteResult(RouteData routeResult, string controller, string action, object propertySet = null) { Func<object, object, bool> valCompare = (v1, v2) => { return StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase .Compare(v1, v2) == 0; }; bool result = valCompare(routeResult.Values["controller"], controller) && valCompare(routeResult.Values["action"], action); if (propertySet != null) { PropertyInfo[] propInfo = propertySet.GetType().GetProperties(); foreach (PropertyInfo pi in propInfo) { if (!(routeResult.Values.ContainsKey(pi.Name) && valCompare(routeResult.Values[pi.Name], pi.GetValue(propertySet, null)))) { result = false; break; } } } return result; } private void TestRouteFail(string url) { // Arrange RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection(); RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes); // Act - process the route RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url)); // Assert Assert.IsTrue(result == null || result.Route == null); } [TestMethod] public void TestIncomingRoutes() { // check for the URL that we hope to receive TestRouteMatch("~/Admin/Index", "Admin", "Index"); // check that the values are being obtained from the segments TestRouteMatch("~/One/Two", "One", "Two"); // ensure that too many or too few segments fails to match TestRouteFail("~/Admin/Index/Segment");//失败 TestRouteFail("~/Admin");//失败 TestRouteMatch("~/", "Home", "Index"); TestRouteMatch("~/Customer", "Customer", "Index"); TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List", "Customer", "List"); TestRouteFail("~/Customer/List/All");//失败 TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All" }); TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All", catchall = "Delete" }); TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete/Perm", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All", catchall = "Delete/Perm" }); }} |
最后还是再推荐一下Adam Freeman写的apress.pro.asp.net.mvc.4这本书。稍微熟悉MVC的从第二部分开始读好了。前面都是入门（对我来说是扯淡）。但总比国内某些写书的人好吧——把个开源项目的源代码下载下来帖到书上面来，然后标题起个深入解析XXXX，然后净瞎扯淡。最后一千多页的巨著又诞生了。Adam Freeman的风格我就很喜欢，都是实例写作，然后还在那边书里面专门写了大量的测试。
哎没办法啊，技术差距就是这样了。