• BEncoding的编码与解码


    BEncoding的编码与解码

     

    1. BEncoding规则

            BEncoding是BitTorrent用在传输数据结构的编码方式,我们最熟悉的“种子”文件,它里面的元数据就是 BEncoding 过的字典表。虽然比用纯二进制编码效率低,但由于结构简单而且不受字节存储顺序影响(所有数字以十进制编码,不存在大端小端的问题)——这对于跨平台性非常重要。而且具有较好的灵活性,即使存在故障的字典键,只要将其忽略并更换新的就能兼容补充,更多介绍见维基百科

            这种编码方式支持四种类型的数据:string, int, Dictionary<string, object>, List<object>,各自的编码规则如下:

    1.1 string类型

            string类型的编码格式为[length]:[string]。以字符串的长度开头,加一个冒号,并以字符串内容结束。示例:

    "abc" => 3:abc

    1.2 int类型

            int类型的编码格式为i[int]e。以i开头,加上数字,以e结尾。 示例:

    123 => i123e

    1.3 List<object>类型

            List<object>类型的编码格式为l[object]e。以l开头,加上列表中各个元素的编码(元素的类型同样为BEncoding支持的类型),以e结尾。 示例:

    List<"abc", 123> => l3:abci123ee

    1.4 Dictionary<string, object>类型

            Dictionary<string, object>类型的编码格式为d[Key-Value Pair]e。以d开头,加上字典中每个键值对的编码,以e结尾。示例:

    Dictionary<{"name":"create chen"},{"age":23}> => d4:name11:create chen3:agei23ee

            感兴趣的朋友可以自己写着玩玩 微笑

    2. BEncoding编码

    2.1 代码:

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    public static string Encode(object obj)
    {
        var sb = new StringBuilder();
        if(obj is Dictionary<string,object>)
        {
            var parseObj = obj as Dictionary<string, object>;
            sb.Append("d");
            foreach (var o in parseObj)
            {
                sb.AppendFormat("{0}:{1}{2}", o.Key.Length,o.Key, Encode(o.Value));
            }
            sb.Append("e");
        }
        if ((obj as int?) != null)
        {
            var parseObj = (int) obj;
            sb.AppendFormat("i{0}e", parseObj);
        }
        if (obj is List<object>)
        {
            var parseObj = obj as List<object>;
            sb.Append("l");
            foreach (var o in parseObj)
            {
                sb.Append(Encode(o));
            }
            sb.Append("e");
        }
        if (obj is string)
        {
            var parseObj = obj as string;
            sb.AppendFormat("{0}:{1}", parseObj.Length, parseObj);
        }
        return sb.ToString();
    }

    2.2 测试对象:

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    var obj = new Dictionary<string, Object>
        {
            {"nick", "Create Chen"},
            {"age", 23},
            {"blog","http://www.cnblogs.com/technology"},
            {"hobbies", new List<object> {"Coding", "Basketball"}}
        };

    2.3 输出:

    d4:nick11:Create Chen3:agei23e4:blog33:http://www.cnblogs.com/technology7:hobbiesl6:Coding10:Basketballee

    3. BEncoding解码

    3.1 代码:

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    public static object Decode(string s)
    {
        return DecodeObject(s, ref _index, EncodeState.Value);
    }
     
    private enum EncodeState
    {
        Key,
        Value
    }
     
    private static int _index;
     
    private static object DecodeObject(string str,ref int index, EncodeState state)
    {
        var obj = new Dictionary<string, object>();
     
        var c = str[index];
        while (c != 'e')
        {
            if (c == 'd')//字典类型
            {
                index++;
                return DecodeObject(str, ref index,EncodeState.Key);
            }
            if (c == 'i')//数字类型
            {
                var value = "";
                index++; c = str[index];
                while (c != 'e')
                {
                    value += c.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
                    index++;
                    c = str[index];
                }
                return Convert.ToInt32(value);
            }
            if (c == 'l')//列表类型
            {
                index++;
                var value = new List<object>();
                while (str[index]!='e')
                {
                    value.Add(DecodeObject(str, ref index, EncodeState.Value));
                    index++;
                }
                return value;
            }
            if ('0' < c && c <= '9') //字符串类型
            {
                string strLength = "";
                while (c != ':')
                {
                    strLength += c.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
                    c = str[++index];
                }
                var length = Convert.ToInt32(strLength);
                var strContent = "";
                for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
                {
                    strContent += str[index + 1].ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
                    index++;
                }
                if (state == EncodeState.Value)
                {
                    return strContent;
                }
                index++;
                obj.Add(strContent, DecodeObject(str, ref index, EncodeState.Value));
                state = EncodeState.Key;
                index++;
            }
            c = str[index];
        }
        return obj;
    }

    3.2 测试对象:

    d4:nick11:Create Chen3:agei23e4:blog33:http://www.cnblogs.com/technology7:hobbiesl6:Coding10:Basketballee

    3.3 还原类型

    4. 代码下载

            

    本文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/technology/p/BEncoding.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Leo_wl/p/3348714.html
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