玩转数据库之 Group by Grouping
有的时候我们要从数据库里把数据组织成树结构再展现到页面上
像下面这样
今天我们用Group 和Grouping实现它,并总结一下它俩。
先看一下概念,再用代码一点一点去理解它们,最后我会给出完整的代码
Group By : 语句用于结合合计函数,根据一个或多个列对结果集进行分组。
Grouping :指示是否聚合 GROUP BY 列表中的指定列表达式。 在结果集中,如果 GROUPING 返回 1 则指示聚合;
返回 0 则指示不聚合。 如果指定了 GROUP BY,则 GROUPING 只能用在 SELECT <select> 列表、HAVING 和 ORDER BY 子句中。
ROLLUP :生成简单的 GROUP BY 聚合行以及小计行或超聚合行,还生成一个总计行。
让我们先建一个数据库,并添加一些数据
use master go if exists( select 1 from sysdatabases where name = 'MyGroupDB' ) ALTER DATABASE MyGroupDB SET SINGLE_USER with ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE drop database MyGroupDB go create database MyGroupDB go use MyGroupDB go create Table Category ( Category_ID int identity(1,1), Category_Name varchar (100) ) go create Table Product ( Product_ID int identity(1,1), CategoryID int , Product_Name varchar (100) ) go insert into Category values ( '手机' ) insert into Category values ( '台式机' ) insert into Category values ( '数码相机' ) go insert into Product values (1, '诺基亚' ) insert into Product values (1, '三星' ) insert into Product values (1, '苹果' ) insert into Product values (2, 'HP' ) insert into Product values (2, 'IBM' ) insert into Product values (2, 'Dell' ) insert into Product values (3, '佳能' ) insert into Product values (3, '尼康' ) insert into Product values (3, '索尼' ) go |
看一下它们的数据
select * from Category left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID |
我们把它们用Group By分一下组
select Category_ID , Category_Name, CategoryID, Product_Name from Category left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID group by Category_ID ,CategoryID,Category_Name,Product_Name
我们看到这样和没有分组时展现的数据是一样的,让我们加上 ROLLUP 加上合计行
select Category_ID , Category_Name, CategoryID, Product_Name from Category left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID group by Category_ID ,CategoryID,Category_Name,Product_Name with rollup |
我们看到了好多NULL数据,而且很有规律
这些规律我们可以用Grouping 看到
select Category_ID , GROUPING (Category_ID) as Category_IDGP, Category_Name, GROUPING (Category_Name) as Category_NameGP, CategoryID, GROUPING (CategoryID) as CategoryIDGP, Product_Name, GROUPING (Product_Name) as Product_NameGP from Category left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID group by Category_ID ,Category_Name,CategoryID,Product_Name with rollup |
你会发现那些Null值就是Grouping 为1的时候
最后一行的合计是Categrory_ID的,我们不需要,CategoryID的合计我们也不需要我们要怎么去掉它们呢,在having 里
select Category_ID , GROUPING (Category_ID) as Category_IDGP, CategoryID, GROUPING (CategoryID) as CategoryIDGP, Category_Name, GROUPING (Category_Name) as Category_NameGP, Product_Name, GROUPING (Product_Name) as Product_NameGP from Category left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID group by Category_ID ,Category_Name,CategoryID,Product_Name with rollup having GROUPING (Category_ID)=0 and GROUPING (CategoryID)=0 |
这样的结果 我们看到只有Product_Name的Grouping有为1 了
我们就是用它去实现这棵树
select case GROUPING (Product_Name) when 1 then Category_Name else '' end as Category_Name, case GROUPING (Product_Name) when 0 then Product_Name else '' end as Product_Name from Category left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID group by Category_ID ,Category_Name,CategoryID,Product_Name with rollup having GROUPING (Category_ID)=0 and GROUPING (CategoryID)=0 order by Category_ID ,Product_Name |
下面是完整的代码
use master go if exists( select 1 from sysdatabases where name = 'MyGroupDB' ) ALTER DATABASE MyGroupDB SET SINGLE_USER with ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE drop database MyGroupDB go create database MyGroupDB go use MyGroupDB go create Table Category ( Category_ID int identity(1,1), Category_Name varchar (100) ) go create Table Product ( Product_ID int identity(1,1), CategoryID int , Product_Name varchar (100) ) go insert into Category values ( '手机' ) insert into Category values ( '台式机' ) insert into Category values ( '数码相机' ) go insert into Product values (1, '诺基亚' ) insert into Product values (1, '三星' ) insert into Product values (1, '苹果' ) insert into Product values (2, 'HP' ) insert into Product values (2, 'IBM' ) insert into Product values (2, 'Dell' ) insert into Product values (3, '佳能' ) insert into Product values (3, '尼康' ) insert into Product values (3, '索尼' ) go select * from Category left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID -------------------------------------------------------- select Category_ID , Category_Name, CategoryID, Product_Name from Category left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID group by Category_ID ,CategoryID,Category_Name,Product_Name with rollup -------------------------------------------------------- select Category_ID , GROUPING (Category_ID) as Category_IDGP, Category_Name, GROUPING (Category_Name) as Category_NameGP, CategoryID, GROUPING (CategoryID) as CategoryIDGP, Product_Name, GROUPING (Product_Name) as Product_NameGP from Category left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID group by Category_ID ,Category_Name,CategoryID,Product_Name with rollup ---------------------- select Category_ID , GROUPING (Category_ID) as Category_IDGP, CategoryID, GROUPING (CategoryID) as CategoryIDGP, Category_Name, GROUPING (Category_Name) as Category_NameGP, Product_Name, GROUPING (Product_Name) as Product_NameGP from Category left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID group by Category_ID ,Category_Name,CategoryID,Product_Name with rollup having GROUPING (Category_ID)=0 and GROUPING (CategoryID)=0 ------------------------- select case GROUPING (Product_Name) when 1 then Category_Name else '' end as Category_Name, case GROUPING (Product_Name) when 0 then Product_Name else '' end as Product_Name from Category left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID group by Category_ID ,Category_Name,CategoryID,Product_Name with rollup having GROUPING (Category_ID)=0 and GROUPING (CategoryID)=0 order by Category_ID ,Product_Name |