• 数据库数据查询


    1.单表查询

      前面做了大量工作进行表格数据创建,但是数据越多,该怎么使用呢???如何从表中关联的表找到自己需要的数据,这个操作很重要

    1.1单表查询

      语法

    一、单表查询的语法
       SELECT 字段1,字段2... FROM 表名
                      WHERE 条件
                      GROUP BY field
                      HAVING 筛选
                      ORDER BY field
                      LIMIT 限制条数
    二、关键字的执行优先级(重点)
    
    重点中的重点:关键字的执行优先级
    from
    where
    group by
    having
    select
    distinct
    order by
    limit
    1.找到表:from
    
    2.拿着where指定的约束条件,去文件/表中取出一条条记录
    
    3.将取出的一条条记录进行分组group by,如果没有group by,则整体作为一组
    
    4.将分组的结果进行having过滤
    
    5.执行select
    
    6.去重
    
    7.将结果按条件排序:order by
    
    8.限制结果的显示条数

     老师代码演示

    company.employee
        员工id          id                          int                  
        姓名            name                        varchar                                                             
        性别            sex                         enum                                                                  
        年龄            age                         int
        入职日期         hire_date                   date
        岗位            post                        varchar
        职位描述         post_comment             varchar
        薪水            salary                    double
        办公室           office                     int
        部门编号         depart_id                   int

    创建表格的代码

    #创建表,设置字段的约束条件
    create table employee(
        id int primary key auto_increment,
        name  varchar(20) not null,
        sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male', #大部分是男的
        age int(3) unsigned not null default 28,
        hire_date date not null,
        post varchar(50),
        post_comment varchar(100),
        salary  double(15,2),
        office int,#一个部门一个屋
        depart_id int
    );
    
    #插入记录
    #三个部门:教学,销售,运营
    insert into employee(name ,sex,age,hire_date,post,salary,office,depart_id) values
    ('egon','male',18,'20170301','老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使',7300.33,401,1), #以下是教学部
    ('alex','male',78,'20150302','teacher',1000000.31,401,1),
    ('wupeiqi','male',81,'20130305','teacher',8300,401,1),
    ('yuanhao','male',73,'20140701','teacher',3500,401,1),
    ('liwenzhou','male',28,'20121101','teacher',2100,401,1),
    ('jingliyang','female',18,'20110211','teacher',9000,401,1),
    ('jinxin','male',18,'19000301','teacher',30000,401,1),
    ('xiaomage','male',48,'20101111','teacher',10000,401,1),
    
    ('歪歪','female',48,'20150311','sale',3000.13,402,2),#以下是销售部门
    ('丫丫','female',38,'20101101','sale',2000.35,402,2),
    ('丁丁','female',18,'20110312','sale',1000.37,402,2),
    ('星星','female',18,'20160513','sale',3000.29,402,2),
    ('格格','female',28,'20170127','sale',4000.33,402,2),
    
    ('张野','male',28,'20160311','operation',10000.13,403,3), #以下是运营部门
    ('程咬金','male',18,'19970312','operation',20000,403,3),
    ('程咬银','female',18,'20130311','operation',19000,403,3),
    ('程咬铜','male',18,'20150411','operation',18000,403,3),
    ('程咬铁','female',18,'20140512','operation',17000,403,3)
    ;
    View Code

    1.2where的使用

    where子句中可以使用
    1.比较运算符:>、<、>=、<=、<>、!=
    2.between 80 and 100 :值在80到100之间
    3.in(80,90,100)值是10或20或30
    4.like '%': 可以是%或者_。%表示任意多字符,_表示一个字符,like'e_'
    5.逻辑运算符:在多个条件直接可以使用逻辑运算符 and or not

    案例 

    # 查出id大于5的员工姓名
    select name from employee where id>5;
    
    # 查出员工身份是老师且薪资大于10000的员工姓名
    select name from employee where post='teacher' and salary>10000;
    
    # 查出员工薪资介于10000到20000的员工姓名及薪资
    select name,salary from employee where salary between 10000 and 20000;
    
    # 给id=2的员工职位描述更改为空
    update employee set post_comment='' where id=2;
    
    # 查出职位描述为空的员工姓名
    select name,post_comment from employee where post_comment='';
    
    # 查询薪资是3000或3500或4000或9000的员工姓名以及薪资
    select name,salary from employee where salary=3000 or salary=4000 or salary=9000;
    select name,salary from employee where salary in(3000,4000,9000);
    
    
    # 关键字模糊查询
    # 查询以eg开头的员工姓名
    select * from employee where name like 'eg__';   # 你大爷居然是两条杠(轻易不要用这个,一条杠代表一个字符)
    select * from employee where name like 'eg%';

    1.3 常用聚合函数

    max()    # 求最大值
    min()    # 求最小值
    avg()    # 求平均值
    sum()    # 求和
    count()  # 求总个数
    group_concat()    # 查详细信息

    1.4 分组(group)查询

       分组是基于where之后得到的记录而进行的

      group常与聚合和函数结合使用,例:

    # 给岗位进行分组
    select post from employee group by post;
    
    
    
    # group by关键字和count()函数结合使用
    
    # 岗位分组,并查看每个岗位人数
    select post,count(id) as count from employee group by post;
    
    
    # group by关键字和group_count()函数结合使用
    
    # 岗位分组,并查看每个岗位人员
    select post,group_concat(name) from employee group by post;
    # 给他改个名,改为members
    select post,group_concat(name) as numbers from employee group by post;
    
    # 岗位分组,查看每个岗位人员,并统计人数
    select post,group_concat(name) as members,count(id) from employee group by post;
    
    # 查询公司内男员工和女员工的个数
    select sex,count(id) from employee group by sex;
    
    # 查询岗位名以及各岗位最高工资
    select post,max(salary) from employee group by post;
    
    # 查询男员工与男员工平均薪资,女员工与女员工平均薪资
    select sex,avg(salary) from employee group by sex;

    1.5 having过滤

      having和where语法上一样,但是他两的执行优先级不同:

      优先级从高到低:where > group by > having

    # 查询薪资大于100000的员工信息(下面两个结果一样)
    select * from employee where salary>100000;
    select * from employee having salary>100000;
    
    # 查询各岗位内包含的员工个数小于2的岗位名、岗位内包含员工名字、个数
    select post,group_concat(name),count(id) from employee group by post having count(id)<2;
    
    # 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000的岗位名、平均工资
    select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary)>1000; 
    
    # 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000且小于20000的岗位名、平均工资
    select post post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary) between 10000 and 20000;

    1.6查询排序(order by)

      升序 asc

      降序desc

    单列排序
    select * from employee order by salary;        # 默认升序
    select * from employee order by salary asc;    # 升序
    select * from employee order by salary desc;   # 降序
    
    多列排序
    # 先按age默认升序,如果年龄相同,再按薪资升序,如果薪资相同,再按id降序
    select * from employee order by age,salary asc,id desc;

    1.7 限制查询记录数(limit)

    # 查询前三条数据
    select * from employee limit 3;
    
    # 查询后三条数据
    select * from employee order by id desc limit 3;  
    
    # 从第六条数据开始查询后三条(这种操作常用来分页)
    select * from employee limit 6,3;
    
    # 分页显示,每页5条
    select * from employee limit 0,5;
    select * from employee limit 5,5;
    select * from employee limit 10,5;

    1.8 其它神操作

    # 查出所有岗位(去重)
    select distinct depart_id from employee;
    
    # 查出所有员工名字以及他们年薪
    select name,salary*12 年薪 from employee;
  • 相关阅读:
    scgi_params
    ngin 模块及模板
    nginx常用模块
    HTML
    nginx部署网页小游戏
    nginx的server标签还有日志管理
    关于使用yum安装的nginx的主从配置文件的碎碎念
    判断所ping主机的操作系统
    CentOS 7修改主机名
    CentOS7 设置系统时间
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/LearningOnline/p/9179707.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知