单链表

定义一个单链表结构

typedef struct LNode
{
    Elemtype data;
    struct LNode *next;
}*Linklist;

 初始化链表(尾插法)

void CreatList(Linklist &L)
{
    Linklist p, h;
    cout << "请输入链表的长度" << endl;
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    L = (Linklist)malloc(sizeof(LNode));
    L->next = NULL;
    h = L;
    if (!L)
    {
        cout << "申请空间失败" << endl;
    }
    cout << "请输入新节点的数值" << endl;
    while (n != 0)
    {
        p = (Linklist)malloc(sizeof(LNode));
        cin >> p->data;
        p->next = h->next;
        h->next = p;
        h = h->next;
        n--;
    }
}

 按位置查找

void GetElem(Linklist &L)
{
    cout << "请输入要查找的位置" << endl;
    int e;
    cin >> e;
    Linklist p = L;
    while (p->next != NULL && e != 0)
    {
        p = p->next;
        e--;
    }
    if (e != 0)
    {
        cout << "您所查找的位置不在本链表中" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "您所查找的元素为:" << p->data << endl;
    }
}

插入一个元素

void InsertElem(Linklist &L)
{
    Elemtype data;
    int e;
    cout << "请输入插入的元素值和位置(以空格隔开)" << endl;
    cin >> data;
    cin >> e;
    Linklist s, p = L;
    s = (Linklist)malloc(sizeof(LNode));
    s->data = data;
    while (p->next != NULL && e != 1)
    {
        p = p->next;;
        e--;
    }
    if (e > 1)
    {
        cout << "您输入的位置超过本表的长度啦!" << endl;
    }
    s->next = p->next;
    p->next = s;
}

删除一个元素

void DeleteElem(Linklist &L)
{
    int e;
    Linklist p = L,q = NULL;
    cout << "请输入删除元素位置" << endl;
    cin >> e;
    while (p->next != NULL && e != 1)
    {
        p = p->next;
        e--;
    }
    if (e > 1)
    {
        cout << "您输入的位置超过本表的长度啦!" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        q = p->next;
        p->next = q->next;
        free(q);
    }
}

遍历一遍链表

void ShowList(Linklist &L)
{
    cout << "遍历一遍链表" << endl;
    Linklist l = L;
    while (l->next != NULL)
    {
        l = l->next;
        cout << l->data << ' ';
    }
    cout << endl;
}

完整代码

#include"stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
typedef int Elemtype;
//定义一个单链表结构 
typedef struct LNode
{
    Elemtype data;
    struct LNode *next;
}*Linklist;
//初始化链表
void CreatList(Linklist &L)
{
    Linklist p, h;
    cout << "请输入链表的长度" << endl;
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    L = (Linklist)malloc(sizeof(LNode));
    L->next = NULL;
    h = L;
    if (!L)
    {
        cout << "申请空间失败" << endl;
    }
    cout << "请输入新节点的数值" << endl;
    while (n != 0)
    {
        p = (Linklist)malloc(sizeof(LNode));
        cin >> p->data;
        p->next = h->next;
        h->next = p;
        h = h->next;
        n--;
    }
}
//按位置查找
void GetElem(Linklist &L)
{
    cout << "请输入要查找的位置" << endl;
    int e;
    cin >> e;
    Linklist p = L;
    while (p->next != NULL && e != 0)
    {
        p = p->next;
        e--;
    }
    if (e != 0)
    {
        cout << "您所查找的位置不在本链表中" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "您所查找的元素为:" << p->data << endl;
    }
}
//插入一个元素
void InsertElem(Linklist &L)
{
    Elemtype data;
    int e;
    cout << "请输入插入的元素值和位置(以空格隔开)" << endl;
    cin >> data;
    cin >> e;
    Linklist s, p = L;
    s = (Linklist)malloc(sizeof(LNode));
    s->data = data;
    while (p->next != NULL && e != 1)
    {
        p = p->next;;
        e--;
    }
    if (e > 1)
    {
        cout << "您输入的位置超过本表的长度啦!" << endl;
    }
    s->next = p->next;
    p->next = s;
}
//删除一个元素
void DeleteElem(Linklist &L)
{
    int e;
    Linklist p = L,q = NULL;
    cout << "请输入删除元素位置" << endl;
    cin >> e;
    while (p->next != NULL && e != 1)
    {
        p = p->next;
        e--;
    }
    if (e > 1)
    {
        cout << "您输入的位置超过本表的长度啦!" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        q = p->next;
        p->next = q->next;
        free(q);
    }
}
//遍历一遍链表
void ShowList(Linklist &L)
{
    cout << "遍历一遍链表" << endl;
    Linklist l = L;
    while (l->next != NULL)
    {
        l = l->next;
        cout << l->data << ' ';
    }
    cout << endl;
}

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