• 多线程系列教材 (八)- Lock对象


    与synchronized类似的,lock也能够达到同步的效果

    步骤1:回忆 synchronized 同步的方式
    步骤2:使用Lock对象实现同步效果
    步骤3:trylock方法
    步骤4:线程交互
    步骤5:总结Lock和synchronized的区别
    步骤6:练习-借助Lock,把MyStack修改为线程安全的类
    步骤7:答案-借助Lock,把MyStack修改为线程安全的类
    步骤8:练习-借助tryLock 解决死锁问题
    步骤9:答案-借助tryLock 解决死锁问题
    步骤10:练习-生产者消费者问题
    步骤11:答案-生产者消费者问题

    步骤 1 : 回忆 synchronized 同步的方式

    首先回忆一下  synchronized 同步对象的方式

    当一个线程占用 synchronized 同步对象,其他线程就不能占用了,直到释放这个同步对象为止

    回忆 synchronized 同步的方式

    package multiplethread;

       

    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

    import java.util.Date;

        

    public class TestThread {

          

        public static String now(){

            return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());

        }

          

        public static void main(String[] args) {

            final Object someObject = new Object();

               

            Thread t1 = new Thread(){

                public void run(){

                    try {

                        System.out.println( now()+" t1 线程已经运行");

                        System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 试图占有对象:someObject");

                        synchronized (someObject) {

                               

                            System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 占有对象:someObject");

                            Thread.sleep(5000);

                            System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 释放对象:someObject");

                        }

                        System.out.println(now()+" t1 线程结束");

                    catch (InterruptedException e) {

                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                        e.printStackTrace();

                    }

                }

            };

            t1.setName(" t1");

            t1.start();

            Thread t2 = new Thread(){

       

                public void run(){

                    try {

                        System.out.println( now()+" t2 线程已经运行");

                        System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 试图占有对象:someObject");

                        synchronized (someObject) {

                            System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 占有对象:someObject");

                            Thread.sleep(5000);

                            System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 释放对象:someObject");

                        }

                        System.out.println(now()+" t2 线程结束");

                    catch (InterruptedException e) {

                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                        e.printStackTrace();

                    }

                }

            };

            t2.setName(" t2");

            t2.start();

        }

            

    }

    步骤 2 : 使用Lock对象实现同步效果

    Lock是一个接口,为了使用一个Lock对象,需要用到

    Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();


    与 synchronized (someObject)  类似的,lock()方法,表示当前线程占用lock对象,一旦占用,其他线程就不能占用了。
    与 synchronized  不同的是,一旦synchronized 块结束,就会自动释放对someObject的占用。 lock却必须调用unlock方法进行手动释放,为了保证释放的执行,往往会把unlock() 放在finally中进行。

    使用Lock对象实现同步效果

    package multiplethread;

    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

    import java.util.Date;

    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;

    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

    public class TestThread {

        public static String now() {

            return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());

        }

        public static void log(String msg) {

            System.out.printf("%s %s %s %n", now() , Thread.currentThread().getName() , msg);

        }

        public static void main(String[] args) {

            Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

            Thread t1 = new Thread() {

                public void run() {

                    try {

                        log("线程启动");

                        log("试图占有对象:lock");

                        lock.lock();

                        log("占有对象:lock");

                        log("进行5秒的业务操作");

                        Thread.sleep(5000);

                    catch (InterruptedException e) {

                        e.printStackTrace();

                    finally {

                        log("释放对象:lock");

                        lock.unlock();

                    }

                    log("线程结束");

                }

            };

            t1.setName("t1");

            t1.start();

            try {

                //先让t1飞2秒

                Thread.sleep(2000);

            catch (InterruptedException e1) {

                // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                e1.printStackTrace();

            }

            Thread t2 = new Thread() {

                public void run() {

                    try {

                        log("线程启动");

                        log("试图占有对象:lock");

                        lock.lock();

                        log("占有对象:lock");

                        log("进行5秒的业务操作");

                        Thread.sleep(5000);

                    catch (InterruptedException e) {

                        e.printStackTrace();

                    finally {

                        log("释放对象:lock");

                        lock.unlock();

                    }

                    log("线程结束");

                }

            };

            t2.setName("t2");

            t2.start();

        }

    }

    步骤 3 : trylock方法

    synchronized 是不占用到手不罢休的,会一直试图占用下去。
    与 synchronized 的钻牛角尖不一样,Lock接口还提供了一个trylock方法。
    trylock会在指定时间范围内试图占用,占成功了,就啪啪啪。 如果时间到了,还占用不成功,扭头就走~

    注意: 因为使用trylock有可能成功,有可能失败,所以后面unlock释放锁的时候,需要判断是否占用成功了,如果没占用成功也unlock,就会抛出异常

    trylock方法

    package multiplethread;

    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

    import java.util.Date;

    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;

    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

    public class TestThread {

        public static String now() {

            return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());

        }

        public static void log(String msg) {

            System.out.printf("%s %s %s %n", now() , Thread.currentThread().getName() , msg);

        }

        public static void main(String[] args) {

            Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

            Thread t1 = new Thread() {

                public void run() {

                    boolean locked = false;

                    try {

                        log("线程启动");

                        log("试图占有对象:lock");

                        locked = lock.tryLock(1,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

                        if(locked){

                            log("占有对象:lock");

                            log("进行5秒的业务操作");

                            Thread.sleep(5000);

                        }

                        else{

                            log("经过1秒钟的努力,还没有占有对象,放弃占有");

                        }

                    catch (InterruptedException e) {

                        e.printStackTrace();

                    finally {

                         

                        if(locked){

                            log("释放对象:lock");

                            lock.unlock();

                        }

                    }

                    log("线程结束");

                }

            };

            t1.setName("t1");

            t1.start();

            try {

                //先让t1飞2秒

                Thread.sleep(2000);

            catch (InterruptedException e1) {

                // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                e1.printStackTrace();

            }

            Thread t2 = new Thread() {

                public void run() {

                    boolean locked = false;

                    try {

                        log("线程启动");

                        log("试图占有对象:lock");

                        locked = lock.tryLock(1,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

                        if(locked){

                            log("占有对象:lock");

                            log("进行5秒的业务操作");

                            Thread.sleep(5000);

                        }

                        else{

                            log("经过1秒钟的努力,还没有占有对象,放弃占有");

                        }

                    catch (InterruptedException e) {

                        e.printStackTrace();

                    finally {

                         

                        if(locked){

                            log("释放对象:lock");

                            lock.unlock();

                        }

                    }

                    log("线程结束");

                }

            };

            t2.setName("t2");

            t2.start();

        }

    }

    步骤 4 : 线程交互

    使用synchronized方式进行线程交互,用到的是同步对象的wait,notify和notifyAll方法

    Lock也提供了类似的解决办法,首先通过lock对象得到一个Condition对象,然后分别调用这个Condition对象的:awaitsignal,signalAll 方法

    注意: 不是Condition对象的wait,nofity,notifyAll方法,是await,signal,signalAll

    线程交互

    package multiplethread;

      

    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

    import java.util.Date;

    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;

    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;

    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

      

    public class TestThread {

      

        public static String now() {

            return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());

        }

      

        public static void log(String msg) {

            System.out.printf("%s %s %s %n", now() , Thread.currentThread().getName() , msg);

        }

      

        public static void main(String[] args) {

            Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

            Condition condition = lock.newCondition();

             

            Thread t1 = new Thread() {

                public void run() {

                    try {

                        log("线程启动");

                        log("试图占有对象:lock");

      

                        lock.lock();

      

                        log("占有对象:lock");

                        log("进行5秒的业务操作");

                        Thread.sleep(5000);

                        log("临时释放对象 lock, 并等待");

                        condition.await();

                        log("重新占有对象 lock,并进行5秒的业务操作");

                        Thread.sleep(5000);

      

                    catch (InterruptedException e) {

                        e.printStackTrace();

                    finally {

                        log("释放对象:lock");

                        lock.unlock();

                    }

                    log("线程结束");

                }

            };

            t1.setName("t1");

            t1.start();

            try {

                //先让t1飞2秒

                Thread.sleep(2000);

            catch (InterruptedException e1) {

                // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                e1.printStackTrace();

            }

            Thread t2 = new Thread() {

      

                public void run() {

                    try {

                        log("线程启动");

                        log("试图占有对象:lock");

      

                        lock.lock();

      

                        log("占有对象:lock");

                        log("进行5秒的业务操作");

                        Thread.sleep(5000);

                        log("唤醒等待中的线程");

                        condition.signal();

      

                    catch (InterruptedException e) {

                        e.printStackTrace();

                    finally {

                        log("释放对象:lock");

                        lock.unlock();

                    }

                    log("线程结束");

                }

            };

            t2.setName("t2");

            t2.start();

        }

      

    }

    步骤 5 : 总结Lock和synchronized的区别

    1. Lock是一个接口,而synchronized是Java中的关键字,synchronized是内置的语言实现,Lock是代码层面的实现。

    2. Lock可以选择性的获取锁,如果一段时间获取不到,可以放弃。synchronized不行,会一根筋一直获取下去。 借助Lock的这个特性,就能够规避死锁,synchronized必须通过谨慎和良好的设计,才能减少死锁的发生。

    3. synchronized在发生异常和同步块结束的时候,会自动释放锁。而Lock必须手动释放, 所以如果忘记了释放锁,一样会造成死锁。


    更多内容,点击了解: https://how2j.cn/k/thread/thread-lock/684.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Lanht/p/12615471.html
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