• MVC学习笔记(分享)


    1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

    图片描述

    2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

    <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
      <servlet>
          <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
          <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
          <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
            <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
      </servlet>
    
      <servlet-mapping>
          <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
          <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>

    3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">                    
    
        <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>
    
        <!-- don't handle the static resource -->
        <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
    
        <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
        <mvc:annotation-driven />
    
        <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" 
                id="internalResourceViewResolver">
            <!-- 前缀 -->
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
            <!-- 后缀 -->
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
        </bean>
    </beans>

    4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。

    5.建立包及Controller,如下所示

    图片描述

    6.编写Controller代码

    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/mvc")
    public class mvcController {
    
        @RequestMapping("/hello")
        public String hello(){        
            return "hello";
        }
    }

    7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

    二、配置解析

    1.Dispatcherservlet

    DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。

    2.InternalResourceViewResolver

    视图名称解析器

    3.以上出现的注解

    1. @Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
    2. @RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求.
    三、SpringMVC常用注解

    @Controller

    负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中。

    @RequestMapping

    注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求。

    @RequestBody

    该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上。

    @ResponseBody

    该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。

    @ModelAttribute  

    • 在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法。
    • 在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数–绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中。

    @RequestParam 

    在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法。

    @PathVariable

    绑定 URL 占位符到入参。

    @ExceptionHandler

    注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法。

    @ControllerAdvice

    使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常。

    四、自动匹配参数
     //match automatically
        @RequestMapping("/person")
        public String toPerson(String name,double age){
            System.out.println(name+" "+age);
            return "hello";
     }
    五、自动装箱

    1.编写一个Person实体类

    package test.SpringMVC.model;
    
    public class Person {
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        private String name;
        private int age;
    
    }

    2.在Controller里编写方法

    //boxing automatically
        @RequestMapping("/person1")
        public String toPerson(Person p){
            System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
            return "hello";
        }
    六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
    //the parameter was converted in initBinder
        @RequestMapping("/date")
        public String date(Date date){
            System.out.println(date);
            return "hello";
        }
    
        //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
        @InitBinder
        public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
            binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
                    true));
        }
    七、向前台传递参数
    //pass the parameters to front-end
        @RequestMapping("/show")
        public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
            Person p =new Person();
            map.put("p", p);
            p.setAge(20);
            p.setName("jayjay");
            return "show";
        }

    前台可在Request域中取到"p"

    八、使用Ajax调用
     //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
     @RequestMapping("/getPerson")
       public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
            pw.write("hello,"+name);        
        }
       @RequestMapping("/name")
       public String sayHello(){
           return "name";
        }

    前台用下面的Jquery代码调用:

    $(function(){
                  $("#btn").click(function(){
                      $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
                          alert(data);
                      });
                  });
              });
    九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
      //redirect 
        @RequestMapping("/redirect")
        public String redirect(){
            return "redirect:hello";
        }
    十、文件上传

    1.需要导入两个jar包

    图片描述

    2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

     <!-- upload settings -->
        <bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
            <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
        </bean>

    3.方法代码:

    @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
        public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
            MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
            MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
            String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
            SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");        
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
                    "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
            fos.write(file.getBytes());
            fos.flush();
            fos.close();
    
            return "hello";
        }

    4.前台form表单

      <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
           <input type="file" name="file"><br>
           <input type="submit" value="submit">
      </form>
    十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    public class mvcController1 {
        @RequestMapping(value="/param")
        public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
                @RequestParam(value="name")String name){
            System.out.println(id+" "+name);
            return "/hello";
        }    
    }
    十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

    1.RestController

    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/rest")
    public class RestController {
        @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
        public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            System.out.println("get"+id);
            return "/hello";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
        public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            System.out.println("post"+id);
            return "/hello";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
        public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            System.out.println("put"+id);
            return "/hello";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
        public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            System.out.println("delete"+id);
            return "/hello";
        }
    
    }

    2.form表单发送put和delete请求

    在web.xml中配置

    <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
      <filter>
          <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
          <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
      </filter>
      <filter-mapping>
          <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
          <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
      </filter-mapping>

    在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

    <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
            <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
            <input type="submit" value="put">
        </form>
    
        <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
            <input type="submit" value="post">
        </form>
    
        <form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
            <input type="submit" value="get">
        </form>
    
        <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
            <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
            <input type="submit" value="delete">
        </form>
    十三、返回json格式的字符串

    1.导入以下jar包

    图片描述

    2.方法代码

    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/json")
    public class jsonController {
    
        @ResponseBody
        @RequestMapping("/user")
        public  User get(){
            User u = new User();
            u.setId(1);
            u.setName("jayjay");
            u.setBirth(new Date());
            return u;
        }
    }
    十四、异常的处理

    1.处理局部异常(Controller内)

        @ExceptionHandler
        public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
            ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
            mv.addObject("exception", ex);
            System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
            return mv;
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("/error")
        public String error(){
            int i = 5/0;
            return "hello";
        }

    2.处理全局异常(所有Controller)

    @ControllerAdvice
    public class testControllerAdvice {
        @ExceptionHandler
        public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
            ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
            mv.addObject("exception", ex);
            System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
            return mv;
        }
    }

    3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

    在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

        <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
            <property name="exceptionMappings">
                <props>
                    <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
                </props>
            </property>
        </bean>

    error是出错页面.

    十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

    1.创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

    public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    
        @Override
        public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
                HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
                throws Exception {
            System.out.println("afterCompletion");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
                Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("postHandle");
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
                Object arg2) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("preHandle");
            return true;
        }
    
    }

    2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

        <!-- interceptor setting -->
        <mvc:interceptors>
            <mvc:interceptor>
                <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
                <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
            </mvc:interceptor>        
        </mvc:interceptors>

    3.拦截器执行顺序

    图片描述

    十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化

    1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
    图片描述(未选中不用导入)
    图片描述

    2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

    public class User {
        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public Date getBirth() {
            return birth;
        }
        public void setBirth(Date birth) {
            this.birth = birth;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
        }    
        private int id;
        @NotEmpty
        private String name;
    
        @Past
        @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
        private Date birth;
    }

    ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

    3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

    <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
            id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
            name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
            birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
            <input type="submit" value="submit">
        </form:form>

    ps:path对应name

    4.Controller中代码

    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/form")
    public class formController {
        @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)    
        public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
            if(br.getErrorCount()>0){            
                return "addUser";
            }
            return "showUser";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
        public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
            map.put("user",new User());
            return "addUser";
        }
    }

    ps:

      1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个"user".
      2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
      3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显,表单也会回显

    5.错误信息自定义

    在src目录下添加locale.properties

    NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
    Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
    DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
    typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
    typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

    在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

        <!-- configure the locale resource -->
        <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
            <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
        </bean>

    6.国际化显示

    在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

    username=账号
    password=密码

    locale.properties中添加

    username=user name
    password=password

    创建一个locale.jsp

     <body>
        <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>
        <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>
     </body>

    在SpringMVC中配置

      <!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
      <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

    locale.jspWEB-INF下也能直接访问

    最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了。

    十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

    1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类。
    图片描述

    2.User实体类

    public class User {
        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public Date getBirth() {
            return birth;
        }
        public void setBirth(Date birth) {
            this.birth = birth;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
        }    
        private int id;
        @NotEmpty
        private String name;
    
        @Past
        @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
        private Date birth;
    }

    3.UserService类

    @Component
    public class UserService {
        public UserService(){
            System.out.println("UserService Constructor...
    
    
    
    
    
    ");
        }
    
        public void save(){
            System.out.println("save");
        }
    }

    4.UserController

    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/integrate")
    public class UserController {
        @Autowired
        private UserService userService;
    
        @RequestMapping("/user")
        public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
            System.out.println(u);
            userService.save();
            return "hello";
        }
    }

    5.Spring配置文件

    在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
            "
            xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
            xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
            xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    
            >
        <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
            <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
                expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
            <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
                expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>        
        </context:component-scan>
    
    </beans>

    在Web.xml中添加配置

    <!-- configure the springIOC -->
      <listener>
          <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
      </listener>
      <context-param>  
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
      </context-param>

    6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合。

    <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
            <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
                expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
            <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
                expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
        </context:component-scan>
    十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图

    图片描述

    十九、SpringMVC运行原理
    1. 客户端请求提交到DispatcherServlet;
    2. 由DispatcherServlet控制器查询一个或多个HandlerMapping,找到处理请求的Controller;
    3. DispatcherServlet将请求提交到Controller;
    4. Controller调用业务逻辑处理后,返回ModelAndView;
    5. DispatcherServlet查询一个或多个ViewResoler视图解析器,找到ModelAndView指定的视图;
    6. 视图负责将结果显示到客户端。
    二十、SpringMVC与struts2的区别

    1、springmvc基于方法开发的,struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象,对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束,形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。
    2、springmvc可以进行单例开发,并且建议使用单例开发,struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数,无法使用单例,只能使用多例。
    3、经过实际测试,struts2速度慢,在于使用struts标签,如果使用struts建议使用jstl。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/LangZiXiYan/p/7026074.html
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