Maven
开始学习使用maven，估计会趟不少坑
主要问题有
- idea中setting的overload
- 配置本地maven仓库的位置
- 配置网络镜像
maven概述
Maven项目对象模型(POM)，可以通过一小段描述信息来管理项目的构建，报告和文档的项目管理工具软件。
maven下载安装以及配置
使用idea默认
不建议
下载安装并配置
下载
官网链接：https://maven.apache.org/
下载压缩包
选择解压位置
然后创建文件夹
》 注意maven路径尽量放在同一目录下，不然可能报错
然后修改setting
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License athttp://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<!--| This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:|| 1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user,| and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.|| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:|| -s /path/to/user/settings.xml|| 2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven| users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven| installation). It's normally provided in| ${maven.conf}/settings.xml.|| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:|| -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml|| The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at| getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default| values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.||-->
-<settings xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0">
<!-- localRepository| The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.|| Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository<localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository> -->
<!-- interactiveMode| This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,| maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for| the parameter in question.|| Default: true<interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode> -->
<!-- offline| Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.| This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.|| Default: false<offline>false</offline> -->
<!-- pluginGroups| This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.| when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers| "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.|-->
-<pluginGroups>
<!-- pluginGroup| Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.<pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup> -->
</pluginGroups>
<!-- proxies| This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.| Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy| specification in this list marked as active will be used.|-->
-<proxies>
<!-- proxy| Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.|<proxy><id>optional</id><active>true</active><protocol>http</protocol><username>proxyuser</username><password>proxypass</password><host>proxy.host.net</host><port>80</port><nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts></proxy> -->
</proxies>
<!-- servers| This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.| Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.|-->
-<servers>
<!-- server| Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by| a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).|| NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are| used together.|<server><id>deploymentRepo</id><username>repouser</username><password>repopwd</password></server> -->
<!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.<server><id>siteServer</id><privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey><passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase></server> -->
</servers>
<!-- mirrors| This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.|| It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.| However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored| it to several places.|| That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that| repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred| server for that repository.|-->
-<mirrors>
-<mirror>
<id>alimaven</id>
<name>aliyun maven</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
<!-- mirror| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that| this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used| for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.|<mirror><id>mirrorId</id><mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf><name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name><url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url></mirror> -->
</mirrors>
<!-- profiles| This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify| the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine- | specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.|| For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where| your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is| dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.|| As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles| section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially| relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,| or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a| value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.| Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.|| NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact| repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration| variables for plugins in the POM.||-->
-<profiles>
<!-- profile| Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the| mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>| or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.|| An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention| for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.| This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting| to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.|| This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.<profile><id>jdk-1.4</id><activation><jdk>1.4</jdk></activation><repositories><repository><id>jdk14</id><name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name><url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url><layout>default</layout><snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy></repository></repositories></profile> -->
<!--| Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',| which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration| might hypothetically look like:|| ...| <plugin>| <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>| <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>|| <configuration>| <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>| </configuration>| </plugin>| ...|| NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to| anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.|<profile><id>env-dev</id><activation><property><name>target-env</name><value>dev</value></property></activation><properties><tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath></properties></profile> -->
</profiles>
<!-- activeProfiles| List of profiles that are active for all builds.|<activeProfiles><activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile><activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile></activeProfiles> -->
</settings>
添加环境变量
配置idea
常用maven命令
//常用maven命令
mvn -v //查看版本
mvn archetype:create //创建 Maven 项目
mvn compile //编译源代码
mvn test-compile //编译测试代码
mvn test //运行应用程序中的单元测试
mvn site //生成项目相关信息的网站
mvn package //依据项目生成 jar 文件
mvn install //在本地 Repository 中安装 jar
mvn -Dmaven.test.skip=true //忽略测试文档编译
mvn clean //清除目标目录中的生成结果
mvn clean compile //将.java类编译为.class文件
mvn clean package //进行打包
mvn clean test //执行单元测试
mvn clean deploy //部署到版本仓库
mvn clean install //使其他项目使用这个jar,会安装到maven本地仓库中
mvn archetype:generate //创建项目架构
mvn dependency:list //查看已解析依赖
mvn dependency:tree //看到依赖树
mvn dependency:analyze //查看依赖的工具
mvn help:system //从中央仓库下载文件至本地仓库
mvn help:active-profiles //查看当前激活的profiles
mvn help:all-profiles //查看所有profiles
mvn help:effective -pom //查看完整的pom信息