• Python基础数据类型之字符串


    Python基础数据类型之字符串

    一、Python如何创建字符串

    在python中用引号将一些文本包起来就构成了字符串(引号可以是单引号、双引号、单三引号,双三引号,它们是完全相同的)

    >>> str1 = 'hello'
    >>> str2 = "hello"
    >>> str3 = '''hello'''
    >>> str4 = """hello"""
    >>> type(str1)
    <class 'str'>
    >>> type(str2)
    <class 'str'>
    >>> type(str3)
    <class 'str'>
    >>> type(str4)
    <class 'str'>
    >>> str1 == str2 == str3 == str4
    True

    三引号还可以保存字符串的原始格式

    >>> str5 = """
    ... Hello everyone,
    ... nice to meet you,
    ... my name is Keys,
    ... I am 27 years old"""
    >>> str5
    '
    Hello everyone,
    nice to meet you,
    my name is Keys,
    I am 27 years old'
    >>> print(str5)
    
    Hello everyone,
    nice to meet you,
    my name is Keys,
    I am 27 years old
    >>>
    View Code

    二、Python中字符串的基本注意事项

    #1.当字符串中有引号时,包裹字符串的引号不能和字符串中的引号相同

    #2.当字符串中有可能构成转义字符时,要注意对进行转义

    #3.字符串是不可变类型,一旦给定不可修改

    三、字符串常用基本操作

    #1.字符串相加

    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str2 = 'HongPing'
    >>> str3 = str1+str2
    >>> str3
    'KeysHongPing'
    >>>

    #2.字符串与数字相乘

    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str1*10
    'KeysKeysKeysKeysKeysKeysKeysKeysKeysKeys'
    >>>

    四、字符串方法

    1.capitalize()
    把字符串的第一个字符改为大写
    >>> str1 = 'keys'
    >>> str1.capitalize()
    'Keys'
    >>>
    2.casefold()
    把整个字符串的所有字符改为小写
    >>> str1 = 'KEYS'
    >>> str1.casefold()
    'keys'
    >>>
    3.center(width)
    将字符串居中,并使用空格填充至长度为width的新字符串
    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str1.center(10)
    '   Keys   '
    >>>
    4.count(sub[, start[, end]])
    返回sub在字符串里出现的次数,start和end参数表示范围,可选
    >>> str1 = 'hello'
    >>> str1.count('l')
    2
    >>> str1.count('h')
    1
    >>> str1.count('h',1,5)
    0
    >>> str1.count('h',0,3)
    1
    >>>
    5.encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')
    以encoding指定的编码格式对字符串进行编码
    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str1.encode(encoding='utf-8')
    b'Keys'
    >>>
    6.endswith(sub[, start[, end]])
    检查字符串是否以sub子字符串结束,如果是返回True,否则返回False,start和end参数表示范围,可选
    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str1.endswith('s')
    True
    >>> str1.endswith('K')
    False
    >>> str1.endswith('K',1,3)
    False
    >>> str1.endswith('s',1,3)
    False
    >>>
    7.expandtabs([tabsize=8])
    把字符串中的tab( )符号转换为空格,如果不指定参数,默认的空格数是tabsize=8
    >>> str1 = 'Keys	Notebook'
    >>> str1.expandtabs()
    'Keys    Notebook'
    >>> str1 = 'Keys	Notebook'
    >>> str1.expandtabs(tabsize=2)
    'Keys  Notebook'
    >>>
    8.find(sub[, start[, end]])
    检查sub是否在字符串中,如果是,返回索引值,否则返回-1,start和end参数表示范围,可选
    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str1.find('e')
    1
    >>> str1.find('e',2,4)
    -1
    >>> str1.find('A')
    -1
    >>>
    9.format()
    format()方法用于对字符串进行格式化,它可以接受位置参数和关键字参数,具体用例如下:
    #1.位置参数
    >>> '{0} love {1}'.format('I','YOU')
    'I love YOU'
    >>>
    #2.关键字参数
    >>> '{a} love {b}'.format(a='I',b='YOU')
    'I love YOU'
    >>>
    #3.位置参数和关键字参数可以混合使用,但是位置参数必须在关键字参数之前
    >>> '{0} love {b}'.format('I',b='YOU')
    'I love YOU'
    >>>
    10.format_map()
    将字典中的参数传递进字符串中,输出
    >>> str1 = "My name is {name},I come from {country}."
    >>> str1.format_map({'name':'Keys','country':'China'})
    'My name is Keys,I come from China.'
    >>>
    11.index(sub[, start[, end]])
    检查sub是否在字符串中,如果是,返回索引值,否则会产生一个异常,start和end参数表示范围,可选。
    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str1.index('K')
    0
    >>> str1.index('A')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    ValueError: substring not found
    >>> str1.index('K',2,4)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    ValueError: substring not found
    >>>
    12.isalnum()
    如果字符串至少有一个字符并且所有字符都是字母或数字则返回True,否则返回False
    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str2 = '1234'
    >>> str3 = '%&12K'
    >>> str4 = ''
    >>> str1.isalnum()
    True
    >>> str2.isalnum()
    True
    >>> str3.isalnum()
    False
    >>> str4.isalnum()
    False
    >>>
    13.isalpha()
    如果字符串至少有一个字符并且所有字符都是字母则返回True,否则返回False
    >>> str1 = 'qwert'
    >>> str2 = 'Keys666'
    >>> str3 = ''
    >>> str1.isalpha()
    True
    >>> str2.isalpha()
    False
    >>> str3.isalpha()
    False
    >>>
    14.isdecimal()
    如果字符串只包含十进制数字则返回True,否则返回False
    >>> str1 = '1234'
    >>> str2 = 'Keys888'
    >>> str3 = '0xFF'
    >>> str1.isdecimal()
    True
    >>> str2.isdecimal()
    False
    >>> str3.isdecimal()
    False
    >>>
    15.isdigit()
    如果字符串只包含数字则返回True,否则返回False
    >>> str1 = '6666'
    >>> str2 = 'Keys668'
    >>> str3 = ''
    >>> str1.isdigit()
    True
    >>> str2.isdigit()
    False
    >>> str3.isdigit()
    False
    >>>
    16.isidentifier()
    判断是不是一个合法的标识符
    >>> str1 = '123%'
    >>> str2 = 'Keys'
    >>> str3 = '_keys'
    >>> str4 = '666Keys'
    >>> str1.isidentifier()
    False
    >>> str2.isidentifier()
    True
    >>> str3.isidentifier()
    True
    >>> str4.isidentifier()
    False
    >>>
    17.islower()
    如果字符串中至少包含一个区分大小写的字符,并且这些字符都是小写则返回True,否则返回False
    >>> str1 = 'keys'
    >>> str2 = 'Keys'
    >>> str3 = 'keys666'
    >>> str1.islower()
    True
    >>> str2.islower()
    False
    >>> str3.islower()
    True
    >>>
    18.isnumeric()
    如果字符串中只包含数字字符则返回True,否则返回False
    >>> str1 = '888'
    >>> str2 = 'hello666'
    >>> str1.isnumeric()
    True
    >>> str2.isnumeric()
    False
    >>>
    19.isprintable()
    判断是否为可打印字符串
    >>> str1 = '1234'
    >>> str2 = '	'
    >>> str1.isprintable()
    True
    >>> str2.isprintable()
    False
    >>>
    20.isspace()
    如果字符串中只包含空格则返回True,否则返回False
    >>> str1 = '    '
    >>> str2 = 'Hello Keys'
    >>> str1.isspace()
    True
    >>> str2.isspace()
    False
    >>>
    21.istitle()
    如果字符串是标题化(所有单词第一个字符大写,其余都是小写)
    >>> str1 = 'Hello World'
    >>> str2 = 'How are you'
    >>> str1.istitle()
    True
    >>> str2.istitle()
    False
    >>>
    22.isupper()
    如果字符串中至少包含一个区分大小写的字符,并且这些字符都是大写则返回True,否则返回False
    >>> str1 = 'KEYS'
    >>> str2 = 'KEYS668'
    >>> str3 = 'Keys'
    >>> str1.isupper()
    True
    >>> str2.isupper()
    True
    >>> str3.isupper()
    False
    >>>
    23.join(sub)
    以字符串为分隔符,插入到sub中所有字符之间
    >>> str = ':'
    >>> str.join('KEYS')
    'K:E:Y:S'
    >>>
    24.ljust(width)
    返回一个左对齐的字符串,并用空格填充至宽度为width的字符串
    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str1.ljust(8)
    'Keys    '
    >>> str1.ljust(16)
    'Keys            '
    >>>
    25.lower()
    转换字符串所有大写字符为小写
    >>> str1 = 'KEYS'
    >>> str1.lower()
    'keys'
    >>>
    26.lstrip()
    去掉字符串左边所有空格
    >>> str1 = '      Keys'
    >>> str1.lstrip()
    'Keys'
    >>>
    27.maketrans()
    用于创建字符映射的转换表,对于接受两个参数的最简单的调用方式,第一个参数是字符串,表示需要转换的字符,第二个参数也是字符串表示转换的目标。
    注:两个字符串的长度必须相同,为一一对应的关系
    >>> a= 'abcd'
    >>> b= '1234'
    >>> str_tran = str.maketrans(a,b)
    >>> str1 = 'how about you'
    >>> str1.translate(str_tran)
    'how 12out you'
    >>>
    28.partition(sub)
    找到字符串sub,将字符串分成一个三元组(before_sub,sub,after_sub),如果字符串中没有sub,则返回(原字符串,'','')
    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str1.partition('e')
    ('K', 'e', 'ys')
    >>>
    29.replace(old, new[, count])
    把字符串中的old子字符串替换成新的new子字符串,如果指定count,则替换不超过count次
    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str1.replace('K','k')
    'keys'
    >>> str2 = 'KKKKeys'
    >>> str2.replace('K','k',2)
    'kkKKeys'
    >>>
    30.rfind(sub[, start[, end]])
    类似于find()方法,不过是从右边开始查找
    >>> str1 = 'Keysy'
    >>> str1.rfind('y')
    4
    >>> str1.rfind('y',1,3)
    2
    >>>
    31.rindex(sub[, start[, end]])
    类似于index()方法,不过是从右边开始查找
    >>> str1 = 'Keysy'
    >>> str1.rindex('y')
    4
    >>> str1.rindex('A')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    ValueError: substring not found
    >>> str1.rindex('y',1,2)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    ValueError: substring not found
    >>>
    32.rjust(width)
    返回一个右对齐的字符串,并用空格填充至宽度为width的字符串
    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str1.rjust(8)
    '    Keys'
    >>> str1.rjust(16)
    '            Keys'
    >>>
    33.rpartition(sub)
    类似于partition()方法,但是从右边开始查找
    >>> str1 = 'KeyyeKy'
    >>> str1.rpartition('e')
    ('Keyy', 'e', 'Ky')
    >>>
    34.rsplit()
    通过指定分隔符对字符串进行分割并返回一个列表,默认分隔符为所有空字符,包括空格、换行( )、制表符( )等。类似于 split() 方法,只不过是从字符串最后面开始分割。
    35.rstrip()
    删除字符串末尾的空格
    >>> str1 = 'Keys      '
    >>> str1.rstrip()
    'Keys'
    >>>
    36.split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)
    不带参数默认是以空格作为分隔符切片字符串,如果设置maxsplit参数,则仅分隔maxsplit个子字符串,返回切片后子字符串组成的列表
    >>> str1 = 'Keys:Keys:Keys:Keys'
    >>> str1.split(':')
    ['Keys', 'Keys', 'Keys', 'Keys']
    >>> str1.split(':',2)
    ['Keys', 'Keys', 'Keys:Keys']
    >>>
    37.splitlines(([keepends]))
    按照' '分隔,返回一个包含各行作为元素的列表
    >>> str1 = 'Keys
    Keys
    Keys
    Keys
    '
    >>> str1.splitlines()
    ['Keys', 'Keys', 'Keys', 'Keys']
    38.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]])
    检查字符串是否以sub子字符串开始,如果是返回True,否则返回False,start和end参数表示范围,可选
    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str1.startswith('K')
    True
    >>> str1.startswith('k')
    False
    >>> str1.startswith('K',2,4)
    False
    >>>
    39.strip()
    删除字符串前边和后边的所有空格
    >>> str1 = '    keys    '
    >>> str1.strip()
    'keys'
    >>>
    40.swapcase()
    反转字符串中的大小写
    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str1.swapcase()
    'kEYS'
    >>>
    41.title()
    返回标题化(所有单词第一个字符大写,其余都是小写)的字符串
    >>> str1 = 'hello python'
    >>> str1.title()
    'Hello Python'
    >>>
    42.translate(table)
    根据table的规则(可由str.maketrans('a','b')定制)
    43.upper()
    转换字符串所有小写字符为大写
    >>> str1 = 'keys'
    >>> str1.upper()
    'KEYS'
    >>>
    44.zfill(width)
    返回长度为width的字符串,原字符串右对齐,前边用0填充
    >>> str1 = 'Keys'
    >>> str1.zfill(10)
    '000000Keys'
    >>>
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Keys819/p/9348262.html
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