描述
责任链模式为请求创建了一个接收者对象链,对象链的工作原理是这样的:当发送者发送一条消息给接收者链时,接收者链首会先得到消息并处理,如果链首没有处理功能,那么就会将消息传递到下一个对象,如果这个对象也处理不了,就继续向下穿,以此类推。
有个很简单的例子:假设程序运行结果有三个层级的消息:error、debug和info,把这三个层级串联为一个链error-->debug-->info,首先检测是不是error,如果是,打印error信息,否则传到debug检测,直到检测出来结果。
实例//创建抽象的记录类public abstract class AbstractLogger { public static int INFO public static int DEBUG = 2; public static int ERROR = 3;
protected int level; //责任链中的下一个元素 protected AbstractLogger nextLogger; public void setNextLogger(AbstractLogger nextLogger){ this.nextLogger = nextLogger; } public void logMessage(int level, String message){ if(this.level <= level){ write(message); } if(nextLogger !=null){ nextLogger.logMessage(level, message); } } abstract protected void write(String message); } //扩展了3个该记录类的记录类实体类 public class ConsoleLogger extends AbstractLogger { public ConsoleLogger(int level){ this.level = level; } @Override protected void write(String message) { System.out.println("Standard Console::Logger: " + message); } } public class ErrorLogger extends AbstractLogger { public ErrorLogger(int level){ this.level = level; } @Override protected void write(String message) { System.out.println("Error Console::Logger: " + message); } } public class FileLogger extends AbstractLogger { public FileLogger(int level){ this.level = level; } @Override protected void write(String message) { System.out.println("File::Logger: " + message); } } //创建不同类型的记录器。赋予它们不同的错误级别,并在每个记录器中设置下一个记录 //器。每个记录器中的下一个记录器代表的是链的一部分。 public class ChainPatternDemo { private static AbstractLogger getChainOfLoggers(){ AbstractLogger errorLogger = new ErrorLogger(AbstractLogger.ERROR); AbstractLogger fileLogger = new FileLogger(AbstractLogger.DEBUG); AbstractLogger consoleLogger = new ConsoleLogger(AbstractLogger.INFO); errorLogger.setNextLogger(fileLogger); fileLogger.setNextLogger(consoleLogger); //注意,返回的是链首的errorLogger return errorLogger; } public static void main(String[] args) { AbstractLogger loggerChain = getChainOfLoggers(); loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.INFO, "This is an information."); System.out.println();
loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.DEBUG, "This is an debug level information."); System.out.println();
loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.ERROR, "This is an error information."); } }
输出结果:
Standard Console::Logger: This is an information.
File::Logger: This is an debug level information. Standard Console::Logger: This is an debug level information.
Error Console::Logger: This is an error information. File::Logger: This is an error information. Standard Console::Logger: This is an error information.
代码来源: 特别感谢 菜鸟教程java设计模式之责任链模式