• Orange'S学习笔记(一)


    学习环境

      Ubuntu 11.04 + Bochs 2.4.6 + NASM

    主要工作

    1. 第一章 马上动手写一个最小的“操作系统”

    代码如下:

    1 org 07c00h     ; tell the compiler that the program is loaded at 7c00
    2   mov ax, cs
    3 mov ds, ax
    4 mov es, ax
    5 call DispStr     ; call the example about string display
    6   jmp $        ; unlimited loop
    7  DispStr:
    8 mov ax, BootMessage
    9 mov bp, ax     ; ES:BP = address of string
    10   mov cx, 16     ; CX = length of string
    11   mov ax, 01301h     ; AH = 13, AL = 01h
    12   mov bx, 000ch      ; page num = 0 (BH = 0), red word with black backgroud (BL = 0ch, highlight)
    13   mov dl, 0
    14 int 10h       ; break at 10h
    15   ret
    16  BootMessage: db "Hello, OS World!"
    17 times 510-($-$$) db 0 ; fill the remaining space to the number of the binary code reach 512 bytes
    18  dw 0xaa55      ; end

    要用NASM编译上述代码,首先要安章NASM,然后编译。

    sudo aptitude install nasm
    nasm boot.asm -o boot.bin
    实 际上,这只是一个引导扇区。当BIOS检查第一个扇区,发现以0xAA55结束,BIOS就认为这是一个引导扇区。“一旦BIOS”发现了引导扇区,就会 将512字节的内容装载到内存地址0000:7c00处,然后跳转到0000:7c00处将控制权彻底交给这段引导代码。到此为止,计算机不再由BIOS 中固有的程序来控制,而变成由操作系统的一部分来控制。“

    指令部分说明

    • org: 伪指令,用来规定目标程序存放单元的偏移量。比如,如果在源程序的第一条指令前用了如下指令: org 200h,那么,汇编程序会把指令指针的ip的值设成200h,即目标程序的第一个字节放在200h处,后面的 内容则顺序存放,除非遇上另一个org 语句;
    • $: 当前被编译的地址;
    • $$: 一个section开始被编译的地址。

    其他nasm指令参见nasm中文手册(有需要的,可以留下e-mail)或登录http://www.mouseos.com/assembly/nasm03.html查看。

    2. 第二章 搭建你的工作环境

    通过安装Bochs来搭建我们的工作环境。目前Bochs最新的版本是2.4.6,下载地址是http://sourceforge.net /projects/bochs/files/bochs/2.4.6/

    (1)Bochs安装及使用步骤

    • 下载源程序;
    • 安装build-essential,xorg-dev,libgtk2.0-dev;
    sudo apt-get install build-essential xorg-dev libgtk2.0-dev
    • 编译安装;
    $ ./configure --enable-debugger --enable-disasm
    $ make
    $ sudo make install
    • 利用bximage生成虚拟软盘。在输入bximage命令后,在第一步提示选择fd即可;
    • 将引导扇区写入软盘;
    dd if=boot.bin of=a.img bs=512 count=1 conv=notrunc
    • 配置bochsrc,具体内容如下,
    1 ###############################################################
    2 # Configuration file for Bochs
    3 ###############################################################
    4
    5 # how much memory the emulated machine will have
    6  megs: 32
    7
    8 # filename of ROM images
    9  romimage: file=/usr/local/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest #/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest
    10  vgaromimage: file=/usr/local/share/bochs/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest #/usr/share/vgabios/vgabios.bin
    11
    12 # what disk images will be used
    13  floppya: 1_44=a.img, status=inserted
    14
    15 # choose the boot disk.
    16  boot: floppy
    17
    18 # where do we send log messages?
    19 # log: bochsout.txt
    20
    21 # disable the mouse
    22  mouse: enabled=0
    23
    24 # enable key mapping, using US layout as default.
    25  keyboard_mapping: enabled=1, map=/usr/local/share/bochs/keymaps/x11-pc-us.map #/usr/share/bochs/keymaps/x11-pc-us.map
    • 运行Bochs,显示效果如下图所示,

    (2)错误列表

    在安装过程中和使用书带的光盘中的bochsrc时,出现了一些错误,解决方案列举如下,

    • Error 1:安装Bochs时,出现错误”install: cannot stat `./bochsdbg': No such file or directory“

              Solution:将源文件中bochs的文件夹名称改为bochsdbg即可。

    • Error 2: 运行bochs时,出现错误”bochsrc:10: vgaromimage directive malformed,“

        Solution: 将bochsrc文件中第10行vgaromimage: /usr/share/vgabios/vgabios.bin改为

            vgaromimage: file=/usr/share/vgabios/vgabios.bin

       具体错误输出如下:

    bochs -f bochsrc
    ========================================================================
    Bochs x86 Emulator
    2.4.6
    Build from CVS snapshot, on February
    22, 2011
    Compiled at Jun
    10 2011, 18:44:49
    ========================================================================
    00000000000i[ ] reading configuration from bochsrc
    00000000000p[ ] >>PANIC<<
    bochsrc:10: vgaromimage directive malformed.
    00000000000e[CTRL ] notify called, but no bxevent_callback function is registered
    ========================================================================
    Bochs is exiting with the following
    message:
    [ ]
    bochsrc:10: vgaromimage directive malformed.
    ========================================================================
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPU is
    in real mode (active)
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] CS.d_b =
    16 bit
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] SS.d_b =
    16 bit
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] | EAX=
    00000000 EBX=00000000 ECX=00000000 EDX=00000000
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] | ESP=
    00000000 EBP=00000000 ESI=00000000 EDI=00000000
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] | IOPL=
    0 id vip vif ac vm rf nt of df if tf sf zf af pf cf
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] | SEG selector base limit G D
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] | SEG sltr(index|ti|rpl) base limit G D
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] |
    CS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] |
    DS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] |
    SS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] |
    ES:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] |
    FS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] |
    GS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] | EIP=
    00000000 (00000000)
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] | CR0=0x00000000 CR2=0x00000000
    00000000000i[CPU0 ] | CR3=0x00000000 CR4=0x00000000
    bx_dbg_read_linear: physical memory read error (phy=0x0000000000000000, lin=0x00000000)
    00000000000i[CTRL ] quit_sim called with exit code
    1
    • Error 3: 运行bochsrc时,出现错误”ROM: couldn't open ROM image file '/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest'.“

        Solution: 将bochsrc文件中第9行romimage: file=/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest改为

                      romimage: file=/usr/local/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest #/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest

             具体错误输出如下:

    Event type: PANIC
    Device: [MEM0 ]
    Message: ROM: couldn't open ROM image file '/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest'.

    A PANIC has occurred. Do you want to:
    cont - continue execution
    alwayscont - continue execution, and don
    't ask again.
    This affects only PANIC events from device [MEM0 ]
    die - stop execution now
    abort - dump core
    debug - continue
    and return to bochs debugger
    Choose one of the actions
    above: [die]
    • Error 4: 运行bochsrc时,出现关于Keymap的错误,见下图,

    error-keymap

       Solution: 将bochsrc文件中最后一行keyboard_mapping: enabled=1, map=/usr/share/bochs/keymaps/x11-pc-us.map改为

                    keyboard_mapping: enabled=1, map=/usr/local/share/bochs/keymaps/x11-pc-us.map #/usr/share/bochs/keymaps   

             /x11-pc-us.map

    • Error 5: 调试引导扇区程序是,出现错误”syntax error at 'dump_cpu'“

        Solution: None. bochs 2.3.5 以上的版本没有dump_cpu了,可以用r,fp,mmx,sse,dreg,sreg,creg命令代替。

    附录

    希望大家多多指正,如有转载,请注明出处http://www.cnblogs.com/JohnShao/archive/2011/06/11/2078419.html

    继续学习,更多惊喜!
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/JohnShao/p/2078419.html
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