消息监听器容器是一个用于查看JMS目标等待消息到达的特殊的bean,一旦消息到达它就可以获取到消息,并通过调用onMessage方法将消息传递一个MessageListener实现。Spring中消息监听器容器的类型如下:
❤ SimpleMessageListenerContainer:最简单的消息监听器容器,只能处理固定数量的JMS会话,且不支持事务。
❤ DefaultMessageListenerContainer:这个消息监听器容器建立在SimpleMessageListenerContainer容器之上,添加了对事物的支持。
❤ serversession.ServerSessionMessage.ListenerContainer:这是功能最强大的消息监听器,与DefaultMessageListenerContainer相同,它支持事务,但是它还允许动态地管理JMS会话。
下面以DefaultMessageListenerContainer为例进行分析,看看消息监听器容器的实现。使用消息监听器容器时一定要将自定义的消息监听器置于到容器中,这样才可以在收到消息时,容器把消息转向监听器处理。下面看一下它的类图:
同样我们看到了此类实现了InitializingBean接口,按照以往的风格我们还是首先查看接口方法afterPropertiesSet中的逻辑,其方法的实现在其父类AbstractJmsListeningContainer中。
public void afterPropertiesSet() { //验证connectionFactory super.afterPropertiesSet(); //验证配置文件 validateConfiguration(); //初始化 initialize(); }
监听器容器的初始化只包含了三句代码,其中前两句只用于属性的验证,而真正用于初始化的操作委托在initialize中执行。
public void initialize() throws JmsException { try { synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) { this.active = true; this.lifecycleMonitor.notifyAll(); } doInitialize(); } catch (JMSException ex) { synchronized (this.sharedConnectionMonitor) { ConnectionFactoryUtils.releaseConnection(this.sharedConnection, getConnectionFactory(), this.autoStartup); this.sharedConnection = null; } throw convertJmsAccessException(ex); } }
protected void doInitialize() throws JMSException { synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) { for (int i = 0; i < this.concurrentConsumers; i++) { scheduleNewInvoker(); } } }
这里用到了concurrentConsumers属性,对于此属性的说明如下:
消息监听器允许创建多个Session和MessageConsumer来接收消息。具体的个数由concurrentConsumers属性指定。需要注意的是,应该只是在Destination为Queue的时候才使用多个MessageConsumer(Queue中的一个消息只能被一个Consumer接收),虽然使用多个MessageConsumer会提高消息的处理性能,但是消息处理的顺序不能得到保证。消息被接收的顺序仍然是消息发送时的顺序,但是由于消息可能被并发处理,因此,消息的处理顺序可能和消息发送顺序不同,此外,不应该在Destination为Topic的时候使用多个MessageConsumer,因为多个MessageConsumer会接收到同样的消息。
对于具体的实现逻辑我们只能继续查看源码:
private void scheduleNewInvoker() { AsyncMessageListenerInvoker invoker = new AsyncMessageListenerInvoker(); if (rescheduleTaskIfNecessary(invoker)) { // This should always be true, since we're only calling this when active. this.scheduledInvokers.add(invoker); } }
protected final boolean rescheduleTaskIfNecessary(Object task) { if (this.running) { try { doRescheduleTask(task); } catch (RuntimeException ex) { logRejectedTask(task, ex); this.pausedTasks.add(task); } return true; } else if (this.active) { this.pausedTasks.add(task); return true; } else { return false; } }
分析源码得知,根据concurrentConsumers数量建立了对应数量的线程,而每个线程都作为一个独立的接收者在循环接收消息。
反向追踪rescheduleTaskIfNecessary传入的参数invoker,发现这个参数是AsyncMessageListenerInvoker类型的,于是我们把焦点转向这个类的实现,由于它是作为一个Runnable角色去执行,所以我们从这个类的分析从run方法开始。
public void run() { //并发控制 synchronized (lifecycleMonitor) { activeInvokerCount++; lifecycleMonitor.notifyAll(); } boolean messageReceived = false; try { //根据每个任务设置的最大处理消息数量而做不同处理,小于0默认为是无限制,一致接收消息 if (maxMessagesPerTask < 0) { messageReceived = executeOngoingLoop(); } else { int messageCount = 0; //消息数量控制,一旦超出数量则停止循环 while (isRunning() && messageCount < maxMessagesPerTask) { messageReceived = (invokeListener() || messageReceived); messageCount++; } } } catch (Throwable ex) { //清理操作,包括关闭Session等 clearResources(); if (!this.lastMessageSucceeded) { // We failed more than once in a row or on startup - // wait before first recovery attempt. waitBeforeRecoveryAttempt(); } this.lastMessageSucceeded = false; boolean alreadyRecovered = false; synchronized (recoveryMonitor) { if (this.lastRecoveryMarker == currentRecoveryMarker) { handleListenerSetupFailure(ex, false); recoverAfterListenerSetupFailure(); currentRecoveryMarker = new Object(); } else { alreadyRecovered = true; } } if (alreadyRecovered) { handleListenerSetupFailure(ex, true); } } finally { synchronized (lifecycleMonitor) { decreaseActiveInvokerCount(); lifecycleMonitor.notifyAll(); } if (!messageReceived) { this.idleTaskExecutionCount++; } else { this.idleTaskExecutionCount = 0; } synchronized (lifecycleMonitor) { if (!shouldRescheduleInvoker(this.idleTaskExecutionCount) || !rescheduleTaskIfNecessary(this)) { // We're shutting down completely. scheduledInvokers.remove(this); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Lowered scheduled invoker count: " + scheduledInvokers.size()); } lifecycleMonitor.notifyAll(); clearResources(); } else if (isRunning()) { int nonPausedConsumers = getScheduledConsumerCount() - getPausedTaskCount(); if (nonPausedConsumers < 1) { logger.error("All scheduled consumers have been paused, probably due to tasks having been rejected. " + "Check your thread pool configuration! Manual recovery necessary through a start() call."); } else if (nonPausedConsumers < getConcurrentConsumers()) { logger.warn("Number of scheduled consumers has dropped below concurrentConsumers limit, probably " + "due to tasks having been rejected. Check your thread pool configuration! Automatic recovery " + "to be triggered by remaining consumers."); } } } } }
以上函数主要根据变量maxMessagePerTask的值来分为不同的情况处理,当然,函数中还使用了大量的代码异常处理机制的数据维护。
其实核心的处理就是调用invokeListener来接收消息并激活消息监听器,但是之所以两种情况分开处理,正是考虑到了在无限制的循环接收消息的情况下,用户可以设置标志位running来控制消息的接收的暂停与恢复,并维护当前消息监听器的数量。
private boolean executeOngoingLoop() throws JMSException { boolean messageReceived = false; boolean active = true; while (active) { synchronized (lifecycleMonitor) { boolean interrupted = false; boolean wasWaiting = false; //如果当前任务已经处于激活状态但是却给了暂时中止的命令 while ((active = isActive()) && !isRunning()) { if (interrupted) { throw new IllegalStateException("Thread was interrupted while waiting for " + "a restart of the listener container, but container is still stopped"); } if (!wasWaiting) { //如果并非处于等待状态则说明第一次执行,需要将激活的任务数量减少 decreaseActiveInvokerCount(); } //开始进入等待状态,等待任务的恢复命令 wasWaiting = true; try { //通过wait等待,也就是等待notify或者notifyAll lifecycleMonitor.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { // Re-interrupt current thread, to allow other threads to react. Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); interrupted = true; } } if (wasWaiting) { activeInvokerCount++; } if (scheduledInvokers.size() > maxConcurrentConsumers) { active = false; } } //正常处理流程 if (active) { messageReceived = (invokeListener() || messageReceived); } } return messageReceived; }
如果按照正常的流程其实是不会进入while循环的,而是直接进入函数invokeListener来接收消息并激活监听器,但是,我们不可能让循环一直持续下去,我们要考虑到暂停线程或者恢复线程的情况,这时,isRunning函数就派上用场了。
isRunning用来检测标志位this.running状态而判断是否需要进入while循环。由于要维护当前线程的激活数量,所以引入了wasWaiting变量,用来判断线程是否处理等待状态。如果线程首次进入等待状态,则需要减少线程激活数量计数器。
当然,还有个地方需要提一下,就是线程等待不是一味的采用while循环来控制,因为如果单纯的采用while循环会浪费CPU的始终周期,给资源造成巨大的浪费。这里,Spring采用的是全局控制变量LifecycleMonitor的wait方法来暂停线程,所以,如果终止线程需要再次恢复的话,除了更改this.running标志位外,还需要调用LifecycleMonitor.notify或者LifecycleMonitor.notifyAll来使得线程恢复。
接下来就是消息接收的处理了。
private boolean invokeListener() throws JMSException { this.currentReceiveThread = Thread.currentThread(); try { //初始化资源包括首次创建的时候创建Session与Consumer initResourcesIfNecessary(); boolean messageReceived = receiveAndExecute(this, this.session, this.consumer); //改变标志位,信息成功处理 this.lastMessageSucceeded = true; return messageReceived; } finally { this.currentReceiveThread = null; } }
protected boolean receiveAndExecute( Object invoker, @Nullable Session session, @Nullable MessageConsumer consumer) throws JMSException { if (this.transactionManager != null) { // Execute receive within transaction. TransactionStatus status = this.transactionManager.getTransaction(this.transactionDefinition); boolean messageReceived; try { messageReceived = doReceiveAndExecute(invoker, session, consumer, status); } catch (JMSException | RuntimeException | Error ex) { rollbackOnException(this.transactionManager, status, ex); throw ex; } this.transactionManager.commit(status); return messageReceived; } else { // Execute receive outside of transaction. return doReceiveAndExecute(invoker, session, consumer, null); } }
由于DefaultMessageListenerContainer消息监听器容器建立在SimpleMessageListenerContainer容器之上,添加了对事务的支持,那么此时,事务特性已经开始了。如果用户设置了this.transcationManager,也就是配置了事务,那么消息的接收会被控制在事务之内,一旦出现任何异常都会回滚,而回滚操作也会交于事务管理器统一处理。
doReceiveAndExecute包含了整个消息的接收处理过程,由于参杂着事务,所以并没有复用模板中的方法。
protected boolean doReceiveAndExecute(Object invoker, @Nullable Session session, @Nullable MessageConsumer consumer, @Nullable TransactionStatus status) throws JMSException { Connection conToClose = null; Session sessionToClose = null; MessageConsumer consumerToClose = null; try { Session sessionToUse = session; boolean transactional = false; if (sessionToUse == null) { sessionToUse = ConnectionFactoryUtils.doGetTransactionalSession( obtainConnectionFactory(), this.transactionalResourceFactory, true); transactional = (sessionToUse != null); } if (sessionToUse == null) { Connection conToUse; if (sharedConnectionEnabled()) { conToUse = getSharedConnection(); } else { conToUse = createConnection(); conToClose = conToUse; conToUse.start(); } sessionToUse = createSession(conToUse); sessionToClose = sessionToUse; } MessageConsumer consumerToUse = consumer; if (consumerToUse == null) { consumerToUse = createListenerConsumer(sessionToUse); consumerToClose = consumerToUse; } //接收消息 Message message = receiveMessage(consumerToUse); if (message != null) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Received message of type [" + message.getClass() + "] from consumer [" + consumerToUse + "] of " + (transactional ? "transactional " : "") + "session [" + sessionToUse + "]"); } //模板方法,当消息接收且未处理前给子类机会做相应处理 messageReceived(invoker, sessionToUse); boolean exposeResource = (!transactional && isExposeListenerSession() && !TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(obtainConnectionFactory())); if (exposeResource) { TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource( obtainConnectionFactory(), new LocallyExposedJmsResourceHolder(sessionToUse)); } try { //激活监听器 doExecuteListener(sessionToUse, message); } catch (Throwable ex) { if (status != null) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Rolling back transaction because of listener exception thrown: " + ex); } status.setRollbackOnly(); } handleListenerException(ex); // Rethrow JMSException to indicate an infrastructure problem // that may have to trigger recovery... if (ex instanceof JMSException) { throw (JMSException) ex; } } finally { if (exposeResource) { TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(obtainConnectionFactory()); } } // Indicate that a message has been received. return true; } else { if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("Consumer [" + consumerToUse + "] of " + (transactional ? "transactional " : "") + "session [" + sessionToUse + "] did not receive a message"); } //接收到空消息的处理 noMessageReceived(invoker, sessionToUse); // Nevertheless call commit, in order to reset the transaction timeout (if any). if (shouldCommitAfterNoMessageReceived(sessionToUse)) { commitIfNecessary(sessionToUse, null); } // Indicate that no message has been received. return false; } } finally { JmsUtils.closeMessageConsumer(consumerToClose); JmsUtils.closeSession(sessionToClose); ConnectionFactoryUtils.releaseConnection(conToClose, getConnectionFactory(), true); } }
上述函数代码看似复杂,但是真正的逻辑不多,大多是固定的套路,而我们最关心就是监听器的激活。
protected void doExecuteListener(Session session, Message message) throws JMSException { if (!isAcceptMessagesWhileStopping() && !isRunning()) { if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn("Rejecting received message because of the listener container " + "having been stopped in the meantime: " + message); } rollbackIfNecessary(session); throw new MessageRejectedWhileStoppingException(); } try { invokeListener(session, message); } catch (JMSException | RuntimeException | Error ex) { rollbackOnExceptionIfNecessary(session, ex); throw ex; } commitIfNecessary(session, message); }
protected void invokeListener(Session session, Message message) throws JMSException { Object listener = getMessageListener(); if (listener instanceof SessionAwareMessageListener) { doInvokeListener((SessionAwareMessageListener) listener, session, message); } else if (listener instanceof MessageListener) { doInvokeListener((MessageListener) listener, message); } else if (listener != null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Only MessageListener and SessionAwareMessageListener supported: " + listener); } else { throw new IllegalStateException("No message listener specified - see property 'messageListener'"); } }
通过层层调用,最终提取监听器并使用invokeListener激活了监听器,也就是激活了用户自定义的监听器逻辑。这里还有一句代码commitIfNecessary(session, message),完成的功能是session.commit()。完成消息服务的事务提交,涉及两个事务,我们常说的DefaultMessageListenerContainer增加了对事务的支持,是通用的事务,也就是说我们在消息接收过程中如果产生其他操作,比如向数据库中插入数据,一旦出现异常时就需要全部回滚,也包括回滚插入数据库中的数据。但是除了我们常说的事务之外,对于消息本身还有一个事务,当接收一个消息的时候,必须使用事务提交的方式,这是在告诉消息服务器本地已经正常接收消息,消息服务器接收到本地的事务提交后便可以将此消息删除,否则,当前消息会被其他接收者重新接收。
参考:《Spring源码深度解析》 郝佳 编著;