转自:https://www.cnblogs.com/wxgblogs/p/6849782.html
spring中InitializingBean接口使用理解
InitializingBean接口为bean提供了初始化方法的方式,它只包括afterPropertiesSet方法,凡是继承该接口的类,在初始化bean的时候会执行该方法。
测试程序如下:
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; public class InitBean implements InitializingBean{ public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { System. out .println( "启动时自动执行 afterPropertiesSet..." ); } public void init(){ System. out .println( "init method..." ); } } |
配置文件如下:
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:dubbo= "http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xmlns:mvc= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation= "http: //www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http: //www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd http: //www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd http: //www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http: //www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http: //code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd" default -lazy-init= "true" > <bean id= "initBean" class = "com.netease.nsip.spring.InitBean" init-method= "init" > </bean> </beans> |
Main主程序如下:
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import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext( "classpath:/applicationContext-core.xml" ); context.getBean( "initBean" ); } } |
运行Main程序,打印如下结果:
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启动时自动执行 afterPropertiesSet... init method... |
这说明在spring初始化bean的时候,如果bean实现了InitializingBean接口,会自动调用afterPropertiesSet方法。
问题:实现InitializingBean接口与在配置文件中指定init-method有什么不同?由结果可看出,在spring初始化bean的时候,如果该bean是实现了InitializingBean接口,并且同时在配置文件中指定了init-method,系统则是先调用afterPropertiesSet方法,然后在调用init-method中指定的方法。这方式在spring中是怎么实现的?通过查看spring的加载bean的源码类(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory)可看出其中奥妙AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory类中的invokeInitMethods讲解的非常清楚,源码如下:
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protected void invokeInitMethods(String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd) throws Throwable { //判断该bean是否实现了实现了InitializingBean接口,如果实现了InitializingBean接口,则只掉调用bean的afterPropertiesSet方法 boolean isInitializingBean = (bean instanceof InitializingBean); if (isInitializingBean && (mbd == null || !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod( "afterPropertiesSet" ))) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug( "Invoking afterPropertiesSet() on bean with name '" + beanName + "'" ); } if (System.getSecurityManager() != null ) { try { AccessController.doPrivileged( new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>() { public Object run() throws Exception { //直接调用afterPropertiesSet ((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet(); return null ; } },getAccessControlContext()); } catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) { throw pae.getException(); } } else { //直接调用afterPropertiesSet ((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet(); } } if (mbd != null ) { String initMethodName = mbd.getInitMethodName(); //判断是否指定了init-method方法,如果指定了init-method方法,则再调用制定的init-method if (initMethodName != null && !(isInitializingBean && "afterPropertiesSet" . equals (initMethodName)) && !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod(initMethodName)) { //进一步查看该方法的源码,可以发现init-method方法中指定的方法是通过反射实现 invokeCustomInitMethod(beanName, bean, mbd); } } } |
总结:
- spring为bean提供了两种初始化bean的方式,实现InitializingBean接口,实现afterPropertiesSet方法,或者在配置文件中同过init-method指定,两种方式可以同时使用
- 实现InitializingBean接口是直接调用afterPropertiesSet方法,比通过反射调用init-method指定的方法效率相对来说要高点。但是init-method方式消除了对spring的依赖
- 如果调用afterPropertiesSet方法时出错,则不调用init-method指定的方法。
spring中InitializingBean接口使用理解
InitializingBean接口为bean提供了初始化方法的方式,它只包括afterPropertiesSet方法,凡是继承该接口的类,在初始化bean的时候会执行该方法。
测试程序如下:
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; public class InitBean implements InitializingBean{ public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { System. out .println( "启动时自动执行 afterPropertiesSet..." ); } public void init(){ System. out .println( "init method..." ); } } |
配置文件如下:
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:dubbo= "http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xmlns:mvc= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation= "http: //www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http: //www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd http: //www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd http: //www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http: //www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http: //code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd" default -lazy-init= "true" > <bean id= "initBean" class = "com.netease.nsip.spring.InitBean" init-method= "init" > </bean> </beans> |
Main主程序如下:
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import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext( "classpath:/applicationContext-core.xml" ); context.getBean( "initBean" ); } } |
运行Main程序,打印如下结果:
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启动时自动执行 afterPropertiesSet... init method... |
这说明在spring初始化bean的时候,如果bean实现了InitializingBean接口,会自动调用afterPropertiesSet方法。
问题:实现InitializingBean接口与在配置文件中指定init-method有什么不同?由结果可看出,在spring初始化bean的时候,如果该bean是实现了InitializingBean接口,并且同时在配置文件中指定了init-method,系统则是先调用afterPropertiesSet方法,然后在调用init-method中指定的方法。这方式在spring中是怎么实现的?通过查看spring的加载bean的源码类(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory)可看出其中奥妙AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory类中的invokeInitMethods讲解的非常清楚,源码如下:
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protected void invokeInitMethods(String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd) throws Throwable { //判断该bean是否实现了实现了InitializingBean接口,如果实现了InitializingBean接口,则只掉调用bean的afterPropertiesSet方法 boolean isInitializingBean = (bean instanceof InitializingBean); if (isInitializingBean && (mbd == null || !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod( "afterPropertiesSet" ))) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug( "Invoking afterPropertiesSet() on bean with name '" + beanName + "'" ); } if (System.getSecurityManager() != null ) { try { AccessController.doPrivileged( new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>() { public Object run() throws Exception { //直接调用afterPropertiesSet ((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet(); return null ; } },getAccessControlContext()); } catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) { throw pae.getException(); } } else { //直接调用afterPropertiesSet ((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet(); } } if (mbd != null ) { String initMethodName = mbd.getInitMethodName(); //判断是否指定了init-method方法,如果指定了init-method方法,则再调用制定的init-method if (initMethodName != null && !(isInitializingBean && "afterPropertiesSet" . equals (initMethodName)) && !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod(initMethodName)) { //进一步查看该方法的源码,可以发现init-method方法中指定的方法是通过反射实现 invokeCustomInitMethod(beanName, bean, mbd); } } } |
总结:
- spring为bean提供了两种初始化bean的方式,实现InitializingBean接口,实现afterPropertiesSet方法,或者在配置文件中同过init-method指定,两种方式可以同时使用
- 实现InitializingBean接口是直接调用afterPropertiesSet方法,比通过反射调用init-method指定的方法效率相对来说要高点。但是init-method方式消除了对spring的依赖
- 如果调用afterPropertiesSet方法时出错,则不调用init-method指定的方法。