其实很多非业务逻辑的功能,比如分页,数据过滤,可以在程序上面节省很多内存和CPU时间,但往往又找不到一个比较通用有效的方法,花了点时间,终于把我想要的在数据库中分页和过滤的功能写了出来,在这里分享。
第一期望:我希望输入页码(pageIndex),每页显示的记录数(pageSize),然后这个存储过程就可以给我一个当前页的数据集。
首先,我假设有个表叫Configuration,里面就3个字段,Id, Key, Value,就是一个简单的数据表,定义如下:
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Configuration] ( [Id] int NOT NULL IDENTITY (1,1), [Key] varchar(20) NOT NULL UNIQUE, [Value] nvarchar(max) NULL )
然后,就可以写存储过程了,这里想要说下,我对存储过程命名的一些习惯,我会以"sp_"开头,为了标明这个存储过程是CRUD中的哪个操作,我会再附加一个缩写,比如这个分页的主要操作时READ,所以我的名字应该是"sp_r_",然后为了说明它的主要功能是分页,就有了"sp_r_p_",“p”表示paginate,最后跟上操作的主要的表名,"sp_r_p_configuration"。很多同学都喜欢用比如bypage等等,也可以,但是我更喜欢这种命名法,在特定的约定下,这种简洁性的命名可可读性。
再者,一个良好的代码书写规范是非常必要的,该注释的地方千万别省,在多数情况下,代码的可读性是非常重要的,除非因性能因素做必须得让步。
/* PROCEDURE: [dbo].[sp_r_p_configuration] OPERATION: READ FEATURES: Paginate PURPOSE: provide a paginated list from the configuration table CREATOR: Jerry Weng CREATETIME: 2014-4-9 UPDATETIME: 2014-4-9 VERSION: 1.0 */ CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[sp_r_p_configuration] @pageIndex int = 1, /*which page of the total page*/ @pageSize int=10, /*how many records show in one page*/ @recordCount int OUTPUT, /*output: return the count of the total records in all pages*/ @pageCount int OUTPUT /*output: return the count of the total pages*/ AS declare @startRow int; -- the row number of the first record in the page declare @endRow int; -- the row number of the last record in the page set @startRow = (@pageIndex - 1) * @pageSize + 1; set @endRow= @startRow + @pageSize - 1; ;with tmp as (select (ROW_NUMBER() over(order by Id)) as row_id, [Id], [Key], [Value] from dbo.Configuration) select [Id], [Key], [Value] from tmp where row_id between @startRow and @endRow -- calculate the record count in all pages select @recordCount=COUNT(*) from dbo.Configuration -- calculate the page count set @pageCount = CEILING(@recordCount/CAST(@pageSize as float)) RETURN 0
这里用的ROW_NUMBER()来实现分页,性能必拼SQL的方法好,WITH...AS可以省下一个表变量。最后计算总记录数和页数很简单,算下就好了。
第二期望:这样的,似乎差不多了,但是我还希望能够有一套规则,来过滤结果集,并且还要有类似AND和OR的运算功能,而且我仍旧不希望用inline-script去实现,能不用尽量不要用。
为了实现这个期望,我需要先定义怎么传入过滤规则,我最终决定用的是xml数据类型而不是普通字符串,因为普通字符串有长度限制(如果你说可以用text,那我只能说太奢侈,小弟用不起),定短了可能被截断出现错误输出,定长了,最多也就8000个字符,也浪费,我不喜欢不确定因素,然而xml不一样,既是结构化数据,又有索引支持,可长可短,客户端也可直接序列化成字符串传入,非常方便。于是剩下的是,约定一个规则,确定过滤规则的数据结构,在这里我专门写了一个function来将xml转换成table已被后用。P.S. 如果想传一个数组到存储过程,也可以用xml类型,比字符串加分隔符更安全。
/* FUNCTION: [dbo].[fun_xmlfilter_parse] OPERATION: READ FEATURES: PURPOSE: parse a table from a xml with the specific column name CREATOR: Jerry Weng CREATETIME: 2014-4-9 UPDATETIME: 2014-4-9 VERSION: 1.0 */ CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fun_xmlfilter_parse] ( @filter xml, /* The format should be: <filter> <rule column="COLUMN_NAME" -- the column name which the rule should be applied match="xxx" -- the key which the rule defines to filter and the result should match required="0|1" -- if 1, the result collection has to meet this rule or return nothing /> <rule .... </filter> */ @column varchar(100) ) RETURNS @returntable TABLE ( [Match] nvarchar(100), [Required] bit ) AS BEGIN ;with tmp as ( select [T].[RULE].value('@column','varchar(100)') as [Column], [T].[RULE].value('@match','nvarchar(100)') as [Match], [T].[RULE].value('@required','bit') as [Required] from @filter.nodes('filter//rule') [T]([RULE]) ) INSERT @returntable select [Match],[Required] from tmp where [Column] = @column RETURN END
xml的结构由一个根节点<filter>开始,里面是多个<rule>节点,具体的规则定义在rule的属性列表中。column表示具体要过滤哪列的数据,match表示要匹配的数据值,比如我想要过滤列"Value"下,值为"sample"的数据,这样的话我只需要把xml写成<filter><rule column="value" match="sample" required="1" /></filter>,最后的哪个required就是来实现AND和OR的操作的,如果是1表示必须匹配,类似AND,0的话可选匹配,类似OR,输出的表示由COLUMN的值过滤过的,因为比较是以COLUMN为维度的。
最后,新建一个存储过程,叫"sp_r_fp_configuration",这里比上一个多了一个"f",表示带有过滤功能。
/* PROCEDURE: [dbo].[sp_r_fp_configuration] OPERATION: READ FEATURES: Paginate, Filter PURPOSE: provide a paginated & filterable list from the configuration table CREATOR: Jerry Weng CREATETIME: 2014-4-9 UPDATETIME: 2014-4-9 VERSION: 1.0 */ CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[sp_r_fp_configuration] @pageIndex int = 1, /*which page of the total page*/ @pageSize int=10, /*how many records show in one page*/ @filter xml, /*filter string for the records*/ @recordCount int OUTPUT, /*output: return the count of the total records in all pages*/ @pageCount int OUTPUT /*output: return the count of the total pages*/ AS if(@filter is null) begin exec dbo.sp_r_p_configuration @pageIndex, @pageSize, @pageCount=@pageCount OUTPUT, @recordCount=@recordCount OUTPUT end else begin declare @tmptbl table (row_id int, Id int, [Key] varchar(100), [Value] varchar(200)) declare @startRow int; -- the row number of the first record in the page declare @endRow int; -- the row number of the last record in the page set @startRow = (@pageIndex - 1) * @pageSize + 1; set @endRow= @startRow + @pageSize - 1; insert into @tmptbl select (ROW_NUMBER() over (order by m.Id)) as row_id, m.[Id], m.[Key], m.[Value] from dbo.Configuration as m outer apply fun_xmlfilter_parse(@filter,'key') as k outer apply fun_xmlfilter_parse(@filter,'value') as v where ( not (isnull(k.[Required],0)=0 and isnull(v.[Required],0)=0) and (isnull(k.[Required],0)=0 or (k.[Required] = 1 and isnull(m.[Key],'') = isnull(k.[Match],''))) and (isnull(v.[Required],0)=0 or (v.[Required] = 1 and isnull(m.[Value],'') = isnull(v.[Match],''))) ) or k.[Required] = 0 and isnull(m.[Key],'') = isnull(k.[Match],'') or v.[Required] = 0 and isnull(m.[Value],'') = isnull(v.[Match],'') select [Id], [Key], [Value] from @tmptbl where row_id between @startRow and @endRow -- calculate the record count in all pages select @recordCount=COUNT(*) from @tmptbl -- calculate the page count set @pageCount = CEILING(@recordCount/CAST(@pageSize as float)) end RETURN 0
这里用了一个表变量,注意表变量是可被缓存的,临时表没有哦,用表变量不用with...as是因为后面在计算过滤后的总记录数的时候,还需用一次过滤后的集合。这里我希望列Key和列Value都可以被过滤,于是用了两个outer apply来将刚才那个函数的输出表附加到每行上,在where比较的地方,先比较Required是1的必要条件,当然如果针对某个column没有rule的话,也就是required is null的情况,是需要排除的,最后再附加连个required=0的可选条件,这样的话,一个select就可以把各种条件过滤出来了。不过,有个问题是,如果需要过滤的列比较多,那比较语句也要一条条加上去。
最后,来测试下:
我给表填充了这么些数据:
SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[Configuration] ON INSERT [dbo].[Configuration] ([Id], [Key], [Value]) VALUES (1, N'test1', N'123') INSERT [dbo].[Configuration] ([Id], [Key], [Value]) VALUES (2, N'test2', N'123') INSERT [dbo].[Configuration] ([Id], [Key], [Value]) VALUES (3, N'test3', N'567') INSERT [dbo].[Configuration] ([Id], [Key], [Value]) VALUES (4, N'test4', NULL) INSERT [dbo].[Configuration] ([Id], [Key], [Value]) VALUES (5, N'test5', NULL) INSERT [dbo].[Configuration] ([Id], [Key], [Value]) VALUES (6, N'test6', NULL) INSERT [dbo].[Configuration] ([Id], [Key], [Value]) VALUES (7, N'test7', NULL) INSERT [dbo].[Configuration] ([Id], [Key], [Value]) VALUES (8, N'test8', NULL) INSERT [dbo].[Configuration] ([Id], [Key], [Value]) VALUES (9, N'test9', NULL) INSERT [dbo].[Configuration] ([Id], [Key], [Value]) VALUES (10, N'test10', NULL) INSERT [dbo].[Configuration] ([Id], [Key], [Value]) VALUES (11, N'test11', NULL) SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[Configuration] OFF
测试脚本:
declare @pageIndex int; set @pageIndex=1; declare @pageSize int; set @pageSize=5; declare @filter xml; set @filter='<filter><rule column="key" match="test3" required="1"/><rule column="value" match="123" required="0"/></filter>' declare @pageCount int; declare @recordCount int; exec dbo.sp_r_fp_configuration @pageIndex,@pageSize,@filter,@pageCount=@pageCount OUTPUT, @recordCount=@recordCount OUTPUT select @pageCount as [PAGECOUNT], @recordCount as [RECORDCOUNT]
输出,如果需要找null值的话,直接把match属性去掉就可以了<rule column="value" required="1"/>: