• Java并发编程:CountDownLatch、CyclicBarrier和Semaphore


    参考importnew

    CountDownLatch用法

    CountDownLatch类位于java.util.concurrent包下,利用它可以实现类似计数器的功能。比如有一个任务A,它要等待其他4个任务执行完毕之后才能执行,此时就可以利用CountDownLatch来实现这种功能了。

    CountDownLatch类只提供了一个构造器:

     public CountDownLatch(int count) { }; //参数count为计数值 

    然后下面这3个方法是CountDownLatch类中最重要的方法:

    public void await() throws InterruptedException { };   //调用await()方法的线程会被挂起,它会等待直到count值为0才继续执行
    public boolean await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException { };  //和await()类似,只不过等待一定的时间后count值还没变为0的话就会继续执行
    public void countDown() { };  //将count值减1

    Demo:

     1 package com.zxd.concurrent.learning;
     2 
     3 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
     4 
     5 /**
     6  * @Project ConcurrentLearning
     7  * @Package com.zxd.concurrent.learning
     8  * @Author:zouxiaodong
     9  * @Description:
    10  * @Date:Created in 10:57 2018/3/21.
    11  */
    12 public class CountDownLatchTest {
    13 
    14     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    15         System.out.println("主线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"正在执行.......");
    16         CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(2);
    17         ThreadTest test_1 = new ThreadTest(latch,3000);
    18         ThreadTest test_2 = new ThreadTest(latch,5000);
    19         test_1.start();
    20         test_2.start();
    21         System.out.println("等待2个子线程执行完毕........");
    22         latch.await();
    23         System.out.println("2个子线程已经执行完毕..................");
    24         System.out.println("继续执行主线程..................");
    25         System.out.println("主线程其他逻辑执行..................");
    26     }
    27 }
    28 
    29 class ThreadTest extends Thread{
    30     private CountDownLatch countDownLatch = null;
    31     private long sleep = 0L;
    32 
    33     public ThreadTest(CountDownLatch countDownLatch,long sleep) {
    34         this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
    35         this.sleep = sleep;
    36     }
    37 
    38     @Override
    39     public void run() {
    40         try {
    41             System.out.println("子线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"正在执行.......");
    42             Thread.sleep(sleep);
    43             System.out.println("子线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行完毕.......");
    44             System.out.println("--------------countDownLatch.getCount()前="+countDownLatch.getCount());
    45             countDownLatch.countDown();
    46             System.out.println("--------------countDownLatch.getCount()后="+countDownLatch.getCount());
    47         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    48             e.printStackTrace();
    49         }
    50     }
    51 }
    CountDownLatch

    运行结果:


     

    CyclicBarrier用法

    字面意思回环栅栏,通过它可以实现让一组线程等待至某个状态之后再全部同时执行。叫做回环是因为当所有等待线程都被释放以后,CyclicBarrier可以被重用。我们暂且把这个状态就叫做barrier,当调用await()方法之后,线程就处于barrier了。

    CyclicBarrier类位于java.util.concurrent包下,CyclicBarrier提供2个构造器:

    public CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction) {
    }
     
    public CyclicBarrier(int parties) {
    }

    参数parties指让多少个线程或者任务等待至barrier状态;参数barrierAction为当这些线程都达到barrier状态时会执行的内容。

    然后CyclicBarrier中最重要的方法就是await方法,它有2个重载版本:

    //用来挂起当前线程,直至所有线程都到达barrier状态再同时执行后续任务
    public int await() throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException {  
    
    };
    
    //让这些线程等待至一定的时间,如果还有线程没有到达barrier状态就直接让到达barrier的线程执行后续任务
    public int await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)throws InterruptedException,BrokenBarrierException,TimeoutException { 
    
    };

    Demo:

    package com.zxd.concurrent.learning;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
    
    /**
     * @Project ConcurrentLearning
     * @Package com.zxd.concurrent.learning
     * @Author:zouxiaodong
     * @Description:
     * @Date:Created in 17:41 2018/3/21.
     */
    public class CyclicBarrierTest {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
            int i = 4;
    //        CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(i);
            CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(i, new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println("当前线程号为:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+",所有线程已到达barrier.................");
                }
            });
    
            for(int m=0;m<i;m++){
                new Writer(cyclicBarrier).start();
            }
    
            Thread.sleep(10000);
    
            System.out.println("CyclicBarrier重用....................");
    
            for(int m=0;m<i;m++){
                new Writer(cyclicBarrier).start();
            }
    
        }
        static class Writer extends Thread{
            private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;
    
            public Writer(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier){
                this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier;
            }
    
            @Override
            public void run(){
                try {
                    System.out.println("子线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"正在执行写入.......");
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                    System.out.println("子线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"写入完成.......");
                    cyclicBarrier.await();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("所有线程写入完成,继续处理线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"其他任务..............");
            }
        }
    }
    CyclicBarrier

    运行结果:


     

    Semaphore用法

    Semaphore翻译成字面意思为信号量Semaphore可以控同时访问的线程个数,通过 acquire() 获取一个许可,如果没有就等待,而 release() 释放一个许可。

    Semaphore类位于java.util.concurrent包下,它提供了2个构造器:

    public Semaphore(int permits) {          //参数permits表示许可数目,即同时可以允许多少线程进行访问
        sync = new NonfairSync(permits);
    }
    public Semaphore(int permits, boolean fair) {    //这个多了一个参数fair表示是否是公平的,即等待时间越久的越先获取许可
        sync = (fair)? new FairSync(permits) : new NonfairSync(permits);
    }

    下面说一下Semaphore类中比较重要的几个方法,首先是acquire()release()方法:

    public void acquire() throws InterruptedException {  }     //获取一个许可
    public void acquire(int permits) throws InterruptedException { }    //获取permits个许可
    public void release() { }          //释放一个许可
    public void release(int permits) { }    //释放permits个许可

    acquire()用来获取一个许可,若无许可能够获得,则会一直等待,直到获得许可。

    release()用来释放许可。注意,在释放许可之前,必须先获获得许可。

    这4个方法都会被阻塞,如果想立即得到执行结果,可以使用下面几个方法:

    public boolean tryAcquire() { };    //尝试获取一个许可,若获取成功,则立即返回true,若获取失败,则立即返回false
    public boolean tryAcquire(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException { };  //尝试获取一个许可,若在指定的时间内获取成功,则立即返回true,否则则立即返回false
    public boolean tryAcquire(int permits) { }; //尝试获取permits个许可,若获取成功,则立即返回true,若获取失败,则立即返回false
    public boolean tryAcquire(int permits, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException { }; //尝试获取permits个许可,若在指定的时间内获取成功,则立即返回true,否则则立即返回false

    可以通过availablePermits()方法得到可用的许可数目.
    Demo:

    package com.zxd.concurrent.learning;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
    
    /**
     * @Project ConcurrentLearning
     * @Package com.zxd.concurrent.learning
     * @Author:zouxiaodong
     * @Description:
     * @Date:Created in 18:13 2018/3/21.
     */
    public class SemaphoreTest {
    
        public static void main(String[] args){
            int person = 8;
            Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(5);
            for(int i = 0;i < person;i++){
                new Thread(new Person(person,semaphore)).start();
            }
        }
        static class Person implements Runnable{
            private int num;
            private Semaphore semaphore;
    
            public Person(int num, Semaphore semaphore) {
                this.num = num;
                this.semaphore = semaphore;
            }
    
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    System.out.println("1.线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"准备获取许可,可用semaphore数:"+semaphore.availablePermits());
                    semaphore.acquire();
                    System.out.println("2.线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"占用一个许可,可用semaphore数:"+semaphore.availablePermits());
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                    semaphore.release();
                    System.out.println("3.线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"释放一个许可,可用semaphore数:"+semaphore.availablePermits());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
    
            }
        }
    }
    Semaphore

    运行结果:

  • 相关阅读:
    LeetCode
    lintcode--剑指offer
    lintcode--剑指offer---41--50道
    LeetCode中的bug!!!!!!
    常用知识点
    lintcode--剑指offer---31--40道
    LeetCode--链表
    Java设计实践课练习题
    lintcode--剑指offer---21--30道
    Java设计实践课的LeetCode题目
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Java-Script/p/11090485.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知