VBA二次学习笔记（2）——两个Excel表内容比较

说明（2018-9-3 22:38:58）：

1. 就是之前问同事要来的作业，有两个格式一样的Excel文件，一个是正确答案，一个是员工作答的。通过代码将两个文件进行比对，把不同之处列出来。

正文：

Sub test1()
    Dim wb1 As Worksheet
    Dim wb2 As Worksheet
    Dim wb As Worksheet
    Set wb1 = Workbooks("1.xlsx").Sheets(1)
    Set wb2 = Workbooks("2.xlsx").Sheets(1)
    Set wb = Workbooks("test.xlsm").Sheets(1)
    Dim n As Integer
    n = 2
    For i = 3 To 14
      If wb1.Range("b" & i).Value <> wb2.Range("b" & i).Value Then
        wb.Range("a" & n).Value = wb1.Range("a" & i).Value
        wb.Range("b" & n).Value = wb1.Range("b" & i).Value
        wb.Range("c" & n).Value = wb2.Range("b" & i).Value
        n = n + 1
      End If
    Next
    
    For i = 24 To 31
      If wb1.Range("b" & i).Value <> wb2.Range("b" & i).Value Then
        wb.Range("a" & n).Value = wb1.Range("a" & i).Value
        wb.Range("b" & n).Value = wb1.Range("b" & i).Value
        wb.Range("c" & n).Value = wb2.Range("b" & i).Value
        n = n + 1
      End If
    Next
End Sub

效果：

1.xlsx和2.xlsx，有两个数字不一样

      

在宏文件所在的Excel里的显示结果：

总结：

1. 主要使用了获取工作簿的方法WorkBooks()；用了两个for循环，因为表格不连续；用了一个变量n，控制在主表中向下排列不同数据。

2.  WorkBooks()获取工作簿需要文件打开，下一步可以使用open方法，在不用提前打开文件的条件下完成操作。

附件：

Sub test1()
    Dim wb1 As Worksheet
    Dim wb2 As Worksheet
    Dim wb As Worksheet
    Dim fileCheck, fileAnswer As String
    fileCheck = "Cassie Jiang.xlsx"
    fileAnswer = "Correct Answer.xlsx"
    '判断文件是否已经打开，如果打开，提示关闭
    Set sheetCheck = Workbooks.Open(ThisWorkbook.path + "" + fileCheck).Sheets(1)
    Set sheetAnswer = Workbooks.Open(ThisWorkbook.path + "" + fileAnswer).Sheets(1)
    Set sheetError = Workbooks(fileAnswer).Sheets(2)
    Dim n As Integer
    n = 2
    For i = 3 To 5
      If LCase(Replace(sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) <> LCase(Replace(sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) Then
        sheetError.Range("a" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("D6").Value '姓名
        sheetError.Range("b" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("b" & i).Row 'Row#
        sheetError.Range("c" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("b" & i).Value 'Item(b3,c3合并了，所以要用b3)
        sheetError.Range("d" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value 'Trainee's Answer
        sheetError.Range("e" & n).Value = sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value 'Correct Answer
        n = n + 1
      End If
    Next
    
    For i = 9 To 61
      If LCase(Replace(sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) <> LCase(Replace(sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) Then
        sheetError.Range("a" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("D6").Value
        sheetError.Range("b" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("b" & i).Row
        sheetError.Range("c" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("c" & i).Value
        sheetError.Range("d" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value
        sheetError.Range("e" & n).Value = sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value
        n = n + 1
      End If
    Next

    For i = 66 To 107
      If LCase(Replace(sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) <> LCase(Replace(sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) Then
        sheetError.Range("a" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("D6").Value
        sheetError.Range("b" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("b" & i).Row
        sheetError.Range("c" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("c" & i).Value
        sheetError.Range("d" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value
        sheetError.Range("e" & n).Value = sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value
        n = n + 1
      End If
    Next


    Workbooks(fileCheck).Close
    Workbooks(fileAnswer).Close (True)
    
End Sub

 修改后：

Sub Check()
    Dim sheetCheck, sheetAnswer, sheetError As Worksheet

    '筛选、获取trainee文件名
    For i = 1 To Workbooks.Count
        If Workbooks(i).Name <> "Correct Answer.xlsx" And Workbooks(i).Name <> "micro.xlsm" And LCase(Workbooks(i).Name) <> "personal.xlsb" Then
        Set sheetCheck = Workbooks(i).Sheets(1)
        Exit For
        End If
    Next
    Set sheetAnswer = Workbooks("Correct Answer.xlsx").Sheets(1) '获取Answer工作表
    Set sheetError = Workbooks("Correct Answer.xlsx").Sheets(2) '获取Error工作表
    
    '对比前清除Error比对记录
    Dim m As Integer
    m = sheetError.UsedRange.Rows.Count
    sheetError.Rows("2:" & m).ClearContents
    
    '设置Error里的行号
    Dim n As Integer
    n = 2
    
    '循环对比
    For i = 3 To 5
      If LCase(Replace(sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) <> LCase(Replace(sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) Then
        sheetError.Range("a" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("D6").Value '姓名
        sheetError.Range("b" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("b" & i).Row 'Row#
        sheetError.Range("c" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("b" & i).Value 'Item(b3,c3合并了，所以要用b3)
        sheetError.Range("d" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value 'Trainee's Answer
        sheetError.Range("e" & n).Value = sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value 'Correct Answer
        n = n + 1
      End If
    Next

    For i = 9 To 107
      If LCase(Replace(sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) <> LCase(Replace(sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) Then
        sheetError.Range("a" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("D6").Value
        sheetError.Range("b" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("b" & i).Row
        sheetError.Range("c" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("c" & i).Value '这里是c了
        sheetError.Range("d" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value
        sheetError.Range("e" & n).Value = sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value
        n = n + 1
      End If
    Next

    
End Sub