• python---atp自动化测试框架


    代码结构:

    bin---启动文件
    
    cases---存放测试用例
    
    conf ---配置文件
    
    core --- 核心代码
    
    logs --- 日志
    
    report --- 存放测试结果
    
    readme.txt --- 使用说明
    
    requirements.txt-----保存所有安装的第三方模块,方便代码移植到其他电脑

    写代码思路:

    1、读excel取出所有用例
    
    2、解析用例
    
          1) 解析入参: a =1,b=1,phone=<phone>  把入参变成字典 {'a'=1,'b':2,'phone':15326687945}
              url
             请求方式:post
    
          2) 发请求,获取到返回结果 MyRequest
    
          3) 解析返回   a、解析检查点   'k=1,age=18,name!=abc'     [['k','=','1'],['age','=','18'],['name','!=','abc']]
                       b、获取实际结果做对比,检查用例通过还是失败
    
    3、返回结果写入到excel中
    
    4、生成报告,发邮件

    atp测试缺点:不能测试有业务流程(即接口间有依赖)的情况

    readme.txt

    写用例的支持参数化,支持以下参数化:
    <phone>   自动产生手机号
    <id_card>  身份证号
    <email>    邮箱
    <cur_time>  当前时间戳

    requirements.txt

    xlrd
    requests
    jsonpath
    xlutils
    nnlog
    yagmail

    case_operation.py

    import xlrd
    from core.my_requests import MyRequest
    
    '''
    读exce获取用例
    '''
    def get_case(path):
        all_case = []  #定义一个二维数组,保存所有的测试用例
        book = xlrd.open_workbook(path)
        sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)
        for i in range(1,sheet.nrows):    #第一行表头不要
            row_data = sheet.row_values(i)[4:8]  #切片(顾头不顾尾),取4-7列:请求url、请求方式、请求数据、预期结果
            all_case.append(row_data)
        return all_case   #[[url,get,data,check],[url,get,data,check]]
    
    '''
    发request请求
    '''
    def send_request(url,method,data,headers=None):
        req = MyRequest(url,data,headers=headers)   #实例化一个MyRequest实例
        if method.upper()=="POST":    #测试用例中的请求方式可能是大写或小写
            res = req.post()
        elif method.upper() =='GET':
            res = req.get()
        else:
            res = {"data":"暂时不支持该方法!"}
        return res['data']
    View Code

    my_requests.py    封装请求模块类  处理了异常,打印了日志

    import requests
    import nnlog
    import os
    from conf.setting import LOG_PATH
    class MyRequest:
        log_file_name  = os.path.join(LOG_PATH,'MyRequest.log') #日志存放在cases文件夹下
        time_out = 10 #请求超时时间
        def __init__(self,url,data=None,headers=None,file=None):
            self.url = url
            self.data = data
            self.headers = headers
            self.file = file
        def post(self):
            try:
                req = requests.post(self.url,data=self.data,headers=self.headers,
                                    files=self.file,timeout=self.time_out)
            except Exception as e:
                res = {"status":0,"data":e.args}  #0代表请求失败
            else:
                try:
                   res = {"status":1,"data":req.json()} #1代表返回的json
                except Exception as e:
                    res = {"staus":2,"data":req.text} #2代表返回不是json
            log_str = 'url: %s 请求方式:post  data:%s ,返回数据:%s'%(self.url,self.data,res)
            self.write_log(log_str)
            return res
    
        def get(self):
            try:
                req = requests.get(self.url,params=self.data,headers=self.headers,timeout=self.time_out)
            except Exception as e:
                res = {"status":0,"data":e.args}  #0代表请求失败
            else:
                try:
                   res = {"status":1,"data":req.json()} #1代表返回的json
    
                except Exception as e:
                    res = {"staus":2,"data":req.text} #2代表返回不是json
            log_str = 'url: %s get请求 data:%s ,返回数据:%s'%(self.url,self.data,res)
            self.write_log(log_str)
            return res
    
        @classmethod   #类方法
        def write_log(cls,content):
            log = nnlog.Logger(cls.log_file_name)
            log.debug(content)
    View Code

    parse_param.py

    import random
    import string
    import time
    
    #这个类是用来解析请求参数的
    class ParseParam:
    
        func_map = ['phone','email','id_card','cur_time']  #映射函数的
    
        def __init__(self,param):
            self.param = param
            self.parse()   #实例化时就做映射
        def phone(self):
            phone_starts = ['134','181','138','177','150','132','188','186','189','130','170','153','155']  #手机号开头3位固定
            start = random.choice(phone_starts)
            end = str(random.randint(0,99999999))  #产生手机号后8位
            res = start+ end.zfill(8)
            return res
        def email(self):
            email_end=['163.com','qq.com','126.com','sina.com']
            end = random.choice(email_end)
            start_str='ATP_test_'
            email_start = ''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters+string.digits,6)) #从所有的大写字母、小写字母、数字中取6位 sample取到的是list,用join转成字典
            return start_str+email_start+'@'+end
        def id_card(self):
            '''这个产生身份证号的'''
            return 410881199011212121
        def cur_time(self):
            return int(time.time())  #time.time()精确的毫秒 int()取整
        def order_id(self):
            '''从数据库里面获取'''
            pass
        def session_id(self):
            '''从redis里面获取的'''
            pass
        def parse(self):
            for func in self.func_map:
                temp = str(getattr(self,func)()) #手机号
                self.param = self.param.replace('<%s>'%func,temp)
        def strToDict(self):
            #这个函数是把请求参数转成字典的
            data ={}
            pl = self.param.split(',')
            for p in pl:
                temp = p.split('=')
                if len(temp)>1:   #用例中不一定key value都写完整了,最好先判断是否都存在,否则会报错
                    key,value = temp
                    data[key] = value
            return data
    
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        param = 'username=niuhanyang' 
                ',phone=<phone>,email=<email>' 
                ',id_card=<id_card>,start_time=' 
                '<cur_time>'
        p = ParseParam(param)
        data = p.strToDict()
        print(data)
    
        print(p.phone())
        res = getattr(p,'phone') #getattr()是一个内置函数,第一个参数是一个对象,第二个参数是一个字符串(方法的名字) 获取一个对象里面的属性(方法、变量)
        print(res())  #返回的res是一个函数名,加()就可以调用了
    
        import os,requests
        res = hasattr(requests,'get')#第一个参数-模块名 第二个参数-字符串(方法的名字)  判断某个模块、类下面有没有某个方法或者变量
        print(res)  #True
    View Code

    parse_response.py

    import jsonpath
    
    class ResponseParse:
        seqs = ['!=', '>=', '<=', '=', '<', '>', 'in', 'notin']
        #定义支持的运算符
        def __init__(self,response,check):   #response是请求返回实际值  check是用例中的期望值
            self.response = response
            self.check = check
    
        def format_check(self):
            #格式化检查信息,分别列出key 运算符 实际结果
            #会返回 [['error_code','=','0'],['name','!=','xxx']]
            format_list = []
            check_list = self.check.split(',')
            for s in check_list:
                for seq in self.seqs:
                    if seq in s:
                        if len(s.split(seq))>1:
                            key, value = s.split(seq)
                            temp = [key, seq, value]
                            format_list.append(temp)
                            break
            return format_list
    
        def get_real_value(self,key):
            #从字典里面获取key对应的value
            res = jsonpath.jsonpath(self.response,'$..%s'%key) #$..%s这个是jsonpath这个模块的用法
            if res:
                return res[0]
            return '找不到该key【%s】'%key
    
        def operation_check(self,real,seq,hope):
            #根据运算符判断结果
            msg = "判断信息:%s %s %s "%(real,seq,hope)
            real = str(real)#注意:为了保持类型一致  返回值从字典中取出可能是int类型,先转成str  hope从字符串中取出来的,一定是字符串
            if seq == '=':
                status = real == hope
            elif seq == '!=':
                status = real != hope
            elif seq =='in':
                status = real in hope
            elif seq == 'notin':
                status = real not in hope
            else:
                status,msg = self.num_check(real,seq,hope)
            return status,msg
    
        def num_check(self,real,seq,hope):
            #判断数值类型的  > <  >=  <=
            msg = "判断信息:%s %s %s "%(real,seq,hope)
            try:
                real = float(real)
                hope = float(hope)
            except Exception as e:
                msg = "比较时出错,大小比较只能是数字类型!" 
                      "%s %s %s"%(real,seq,hope)
                status = False
            else:
                if seq == '>':
                    status = real > hope
                elif seq == '<':
                    status = real < hope
                elif seq == '<=':
                    status = real <= hope
                else:
                    status = real >= hope
            return status,msg
    
        def check_res(self):
            #校验所有的检查点
            check_list = self.format_check()   #format_check()返回的是一个二维数组,循环取出每条出来判断
            # [['error_code', '=', '0'], ['name', '!=', 'xxx']]
            all_msg=''
            for check in check_list:#循环所有的检查点
                key,seq,hope = check
                real = self.get_real_value(key)  #在response里找到key对应的值
                status,msg = self.operation_check(real,seq,hope)
                all_msg = all_msg+msg+'
    ' #累加提示信息
                if status:
                    pass
                else:
                    return '失败',all_msg
            return '通过',all_msg    #所有的check点都pass才返回pass,有一个失败就返回fail
    View Code

    tool.py

    import xlrd
    from xlutils.copy import copy
    import os
    import datetime
    from conf import setting
    import yagmail
    
    def make_today_dir():
        #创建当天的文件夹,返回绝对路径
        today = str(datetime.date.today())
        #c:/xxx/xxx/atp/report/2018-11-24/测试用例.xls
        abs_path = os.path.join(setting.REPORT_PATH,today)
        #拼成当天的绝对路径
        if os.path.exists(abs_path):
            pass
        else:
            os.mkdir(abs_path)
        return abs_path
    
    def write_res(case_path,case_res):
        #c:/xxx/xxx/atp/cases/测试用例.xls
        #[ ['{"xdfsdf}','通过'],['{"xdfsdf}','失败'] ]
        book = xlrd.open_workbook(case_path)
        new_book = copy(book)
        sheet = new_book.get_sheet(0)   #xlutils 里不能用 sheet_by_index()方法
        for row,res in enumerate(case_res,1):    #1 表示row要从1开始取
            response,status = res
            # 写第8列和第9列
            sheet.write(row,8,response)
            sheet.write(row,9,status)
    
        cur_date_dir = make_today_dir()#创建当前文件夹,并且返回绝对路径
        file_name = os.path.split(case_path)[-1] #只获取到filename
        cur_time = datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%H%M%S') #获取到当天时分秒
        new_file_name = cur_time+'_'+file_name #165530_测试用例.xls
        real_path = os.path.join(cur_date_dir,new_file_name)#拼路径 测试报告放在report目录下
        new_book.save(real_path)
        return real_path
    
    def send_mail(content,file_path=None):
        #发邮件,传入邮件正文和附件
        m = yagmail.SMTP(**setting.MAIL_INFO,)
        subject = '接口测试报告_%s'%str(datetime.datetime.today())
        m.send(subject=subject,to=setting.TO,contents=content,attachments=file_path)
    View Code

    setting.py

    import os
    
    #常量定义时大写
    BAE_PATH  = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) #atp的目录
    LOG_PATH = os.path.join(BAE_PATH,'logs') #log目录
    CASE_PATH = os.path.join(BAE_PATH,'cases') #case目录
    REPORT_PATH = os.path.join(BAE_PATH,'report') #report目录
    
    #发邮件相关信息
    MAIL_INFO = {                 #定义为字典,调用时用**MAIL_INFO即可
        'user':'15xxx3@qq.com',
        'password':'xxxmqrdgjcd',
        'host':'smtp.qq.com',  #163邮箱  smtp.163.com
        'smtp_ssl':True,    #发件箱是qq邮箱的话,为True
    }
    
    TO = ['xxxx@qq.com','4xxx7026@qq.com']
    
    
    HOST = {
        'QA':'http://api.nnzhp.cn',  #测试环境
        'DEV':'http://dev.nnzhp.cn', #开发环境
        'PRE':'http://dev.nnzhp.cn'  #预生产环境
    }
    
    default_host = HOST.get('QA')  #默认用测试环境
    View Code

    start.py---单线程 

    #首先将该project目录加入到python环境变量
    import os,sys
    BAE_PATH  = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) #atp的目录
    sys.path.insert(0,BAE_PATH)
    
    from conf.setting import CASE_PATH,default_host
    from core import case_operation,parse_param,parse_response
    from core import tools
    import glob
    class RunCase:
        content = '''
        各位好!
            本次测试结果:总共运行%s条用例,通过%s条,失败%s条。详细信息见附件。
        '''
        def get_excel(self):
            all_excel_case_count = 0  #存放所有测试用例的次数
            all_excel_success_count = 0  #存放所有测试用例成功的次数
            report_path_list = []  #存放所有附件地址
            #s='/Users/nhy/test*.xls'
            for excel in glob.glob(os.path.join(CASE_PATH,'test*.xls')):   #glob模块过滤--只要以test开头,.xls结尾的文件
                cases = case_operation.get_case(excel)#调用读取excel的函数
                results = self.send_requests(cases) #发送请求,并校验结果  返回一个二维数组[[real_res,status],[real_res,status],.....]
                report_file_path = tools.write_res(excel,results)#写入结果,返回的是测试结果的路径
                report_path_list.append(report_file_path)
                all_count = len(cases) #本次循环的excel中总共多条用例
                all_excel_case_count += all_count
                all_excel_success_count += self.success_count
            all_excel_fail_count = all_excel_case_count - all_excel_success_count
            content = self.content % (all_excel_case_count, all_excel_success_count, all_excel_fail_count)
            tools.send_mail(content,report_path_list)
    
        def send_requests(self,cases):   #发送多个请求
               #[[url,get,data,check],[url,get,data,check]]
            self.success_count = 0  #类变量,保存成功用例条数
            results = []
            for case in cases:
                url,method,param,check = case #获取到每条用例的参数
                p = parse_param.ParseParam(param) #解析请求参数  实例化一个ParseParam实例 ,实例化的过程中就将里面的<phone>,<email>等替换了
                data = p.strToDict()#请求参数转成字典
                url = default_host + url   #用例中的url只有接口名,没有IP,IP可以在setting文件中根据需要配置测试/开发/预生产环境
                response = case_operation.send_request(url,method,data)#发请求 send_request()发送单个请求,返回结果是一个string
                #下面这2行代码是判断用例执行是否通过的
                p2 = parse_response.ResponseParse(response,check)  #实例化一个ResponseParse实例
                status, msg = p2.check_res()#调用写好的校验结果方法,
                real_res = str(response)+'
    '+msg #是把校验的信息和返回的json拼到一起
                results.append([real_res,status]) #这里面的小list是每一个用例运行的结果
                if status == '通过':
                    self.success_count += 1 #统计成功的次数
            return results #返回运行的结果
    
        def main(self):
            print('开始测试'.center(50,'*'))
            self.get_excel()
            print('测试结束'.center(50,'*'))
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        run = RunCase()
        run.main()
    View Code

     start.py---多线程 

    #首先将该project目录加入到python环境变量
    import os,sys
    BAE_PATH  = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) #atp的目录
    sys.path.insert(0,BAE_PATH)
    
    from conf.setting import CASE_PATH,default_host
    from core import case_operation,parse_param,parse_response
    from core import tools
    import glob
    import threading
    
    class RunCase:
        content = '''
        各位好!
            本次测试结果:总共运行%s条用例,通过%s条,失败%s条。详细信息见附件。
        '''
        def thread_run(self):
            self.all_excel_case_count = 0  #存放所有测试用例的次数
            self.all_excel_success_count = 0  #存放所有测试用例成功的次数
            report_path_list = []  #存放所有附件地址
    
            def run(excel):
                # excel='/Users/nhy/test*.xls'
                cases = case_operation.get_case(excel)  # 调用读取excel的函数
                results = self.send_requests(cases)  # 发送请求,并校验结果  返回一个二维数组[[real_res,status],[real_res,status],.....]
                report_file_path = tools.write_res(excel, results)  # 写入结果,返回的是测试结果的路径
                report_path_list.append(report_file_path)
                all_count = len(cases)  # 本次循环的excel中总共多条用例
                self.all_excel_case_count += all_count
                # self.all_excel_success_count += self.success_count
    
            for excel in glob.glob(os.path.join(CASE_PATH,'test*.xls')):   #glob模块过滤--只要以test开头,.xls结尾的文件
                t = threading.Thread(target=run,args=(excel,))
                t.start()
    
            while threading.active_count() != 1:   #主线程等待子线程都运行完
                    pass
    
            all_excel_fail_count = self.all_excel_case_count - self.all_excel_success_count
            content = self.content % (self.all_excel_case_count, self.all_excel_success_count, all_excel_fail_count)
            tools.send_mail(content,report_path_list)
    
        def send_requests(self,cases):   #发送多个请求
               #[[url,get,data,check],[url,get,data,check]]
            success_count = 0  #类变量,保存成功用例条数
            results = []
            for case in cases:
                url,method,param,check = case #获取到每条用例的参数
                p = parse_param.ParseParam(param) #解析请求参数  实例化一个ParseParam实例 ,实例化的过程中就将里面的<phone>,<email>等替换了
                data = p.strToDict()#请求参数转成字典
                url = default_host + url   #用例中的url只有接口名,没有IP,IP可以在setting文件中根据需要配置测试/开发/预生产环境
                response = case_operation.send_request(url,method,data)#发请求 send_request()发送单个请求,返回结果是一个string
                #下面这2行代码是判断用例执行是否通过的
                p2 = parse_response.ResponseParse(response,check)  #实例化一个ResponseParse实例
                status, msg = p2.check_res()#调用写好的校验结果方法,
                real_res = str(response)+'
    '+msg #是把校验的信息和返回的json拼到一起
                results.append([real_res,status]) #这里面的小list是每一个用例运行的结果
                if status == '通过':
                    success_count += 1 #统计成功的次数
            self.all_excel_success_count += success_count
            return results #返回运行的结果
    
        def main(self):
            print('开始测试'.center(50,'*'))
            self.get_excel()
            print('测试结束'.center(50,'*'))
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        run = RunCase()
        run.thread_run()
    View Code
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/HathawayLee/p/10027810.html
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