认证简介
使用场景：有些接口在进行访问时，需要确认用户是否已经登录，比如：用户需要购买物品时，在结账的时候，就需要进行登录验证的。
用户认证RBAC（Role-Based Access Control）
一般用户认证都是基于角色认证：
-
三表机制：
- 用户表（User）
- 角色表（Group）
- 权限表（Permission）
用户表关联角色表，角色表关联权限表
-
五表机制：
- 用户表（User）
- 用户角色关系表（User-Group）
- 角色表（Group）
- 角色权限表（Group-Permission）
- 权限表（Permission）
用户表与角色表多对多、角色表与权限表多对多
-
Django采用六表机制：
- 用户表（User）
- 用户角色关系表（User-Group）
- 角色表（Group）
- 角色权限表（Group-Permission）
- 权限表（Permission）
- 角色权限表（User-Permission）
用户表与角色表多对多、角色表与权限表多对多、用户表和权限表多对多
局部使用
- models.py
from django.contrib.auth import models
class User(models.Model):
username=models.CharField(max_length=32)
password=models.CharField(max_length=32)
user_type=models.IntegerField(choices=((1,'超级用户'),(2,'普通用户'),(3,'二B用户')))
class UserToken(models.Model):
user=models.OneToOneField(to='User')
token=models.CharField(max_length=64)
- 自定义认证类
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
class TokenAuth():
def authenticate(self, request):
token = request.GET.get('token')
token_obj = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
if token_obj:
return
else:
raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败')
def authenticate_header(self,request):
pass
- views.py
def get_random(name):
import hashlib
import time
md=hashlib.md5()
md.update(bytes(str(time.time()),encoding='utf-8'))
md.update(bytes(name,encoding='utf-8'))
return md.hexdigest()
class Login(APIView):
def post(self,reuquest):
back_msg={'status':1001,'msg':None}
try:
name=reuquest.data.get('name')
pwd=reuquest.data.get('pwd')
user=models.User.objects.filter(username=name,password=pwd).first()
if user:
token=get_random(name)
models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={'token':token})
back_msg['status']='1000'
back_msg['msg']='登录成功'
back_msg['token']=token
else:
back_msg['msg'] = '用户名或密码错误'
except Exception as e:
back_msg['msg']=str(e)
return Response(back_msg)
class Course(APIView):
authentication_classes = [TokenAuth, ]
def get(self, request):
return HttpResponse('get')
def post(self, request):
return HttpResponse('post')
-
进阶：不存数据库的token验证
def get_token(id,salt='123'): import hashlib md=hashlib.md5() md.update(bytes(str(id),encoding='utf-8')) md.update(bytes(salt,encoding='utf-8')) return md.hexdigest()+'|'+str(id) def check_token(token,salt='123'): ll=token.split('|') import hashlib md=hashlib.md5() md.update(bytes(ll[-1],encoding='utf-8')) md.update(bytes(salt,encoding='utf-8')) if ll[0]==md.hexdigest(): return True else: return False class TokenAuth(): def authenticate(self, request): token = request.GET.get('token') success=check_token(token) if success: return else: raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败') def authenticate_header(self,request): pass class Login(APIView): def post(self,reuquest): back_msg={'status':1001,'msg':None} try: name=reuquest.data.get('name') pwd=reuquest.data.get('pwd') user=models.User.objects.filter(username=name,password=pwd).first() if user: token=get_token(user.pk) # models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={'token':token}) back_msg['status']='1000' back_msg['msg']='登录成功' back_msg['token']=token else: back_msg['msg'] = '用户名或密码错误' except Exception as e: back_msg['msg']=str(e) return Response(back_msg) from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication class TokenAuth(): def authenticate(self, request): token = request.GET.get('token') token_obj = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first() if token_obj: return else: raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败') def authenticate_header(self,request): pass class Course(APIView): authentication_classes = [TokenAuth, ] def get(self, request): return HttpResponse('get') def post(self, request): return HttpResponse('post')
总结：局部使用，只需要在视图类里加入：
authentication_classes = [TokenAuth, ]
全局使用
全局使用需要在setting.py中进行配置
REST_FRAMEWORK={
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",]
}
源码分析
# Request对象的user方法
@property
def user(self):
"""
Returns the user associated with the current request, as authenticated by the authentication classes provided to the request.
"""
if not hasattr(self, '_user'):
with wrap_attributeerrors():
self._authenticate()
return self._user
def _authenticate(self):
"""
Attempt to authenticate the request using each authentication instance
in turn.
"""
for authenticator in self.authenticators:
try:
user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self)
except exceptions.APIException:
self._not_authenticated()
raise
if user_auth_tuple is not None:
self._authenticator = authenticator
self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple
return
self._not_authenticated()
def _not_authenticated(self):
"""
Set authenticator, user & authtoken representing an unauthenticated request.
Defaults are None, AnonymousUser & None.
"""
self._authenticator = None
if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER:
self.user = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER()
else:
self.user = None
if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN:
self.auth = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN
()
else:
self.auth = None
# self.authenticators
def get_authenticators(self):
return [auth() for auth in self.authentication_classes]
认证类使用顺序：先用视图类中的验证类，再用settings里配置的验证类，最后用默认的验证类