• 浅析Asp.Net Core框架IConfiguration配置


    目录

    • 一、建造者模式(Builder Pattern)
    • 二、核心接口与配置存储本质
    • 三、简易QueryString配置源实现
    • 四、宿主配置与应用配置
    • 五、文件配置源配置更新原理

    一、建造者模式

    为什么提建造者模式?在阅读.NET Core源码时,时常碰到IHostBuilder,IConfigurationBuilder,ILoggerBuilder等诸如此类带Builder名称的类/接口,起初专研时那是一头愣。知识不够,勤奋来凑,在了解到Builder模式后终于理解,明白这些Builder类是用来构建相对应类的对象,用完即毁别无他用。理解建造者模式,有助于阅读源码时发现核心接口/类,将文件分类,直指堡垒。详细建造者模式可参阅此篇文章:磁悬浮快线

    二、核心接口与配置存储本质

    在.NET Core中读取配置是通过IConfiguration接口,它存在于Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions项目中,如下图:
    Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions

    IConfiguration:配置访问接口
    IConfigurationProvider:配置提供者接口
    IConfigurationSource:配置源接口
    IConfigurationRoot:配置根接口,继承IConfiguration,维护着IConfigurationProvider集合及重新加载配置
    IConfigurationBuilder:IConfigurationRoot接口实例的构造者接口

    1.服务容器中IConfiguration实例注册(ConfigurationRoot)

    /// <summary>
    /// Represents the root of an <see cref="IConfiguration"/> hierarchy. => 配置根路径
    /// </summary>
    public interface IConfigurationRoot : IConfiguration
    {
    	/// <summary>
    	/// Force the configuration values to be reloaded from the underlying <see cref="IConfigurationProvider"/>s. => 从配置源重新加载配置
    	/// </summary>
    	void Reload();
    
    	/// <summary>
    	/// The <see cref="IConfigurationProvider"/>s for this configuration. => 依赖的配置源集合
    	/// </summary>
    	IEnumerable<IConfigurationProvider> Providers { get; }
    }
    

    IConfigurationRoot(继承IConfiguration)维护着一个IConfigurationProvider集合列表,也就是我们的配置源。IConfiguration实例的创建并非通过new()方式,而是由IConfigurationBuilder来构建,实现了按需加载配置源,是建造者模式的充分体现。IConfigurationBuilder上的所有操作如:

    HostBuilder.ConfigureAppConfiguration((context, builder) =>
    {
    	builder.AddCommandLine(args);   // 命令行配置源
    	builder.AddEnvironmentVariables();   // 环境配置源
    	builder.AddJsonFile("demo.json");   // json文件配置源
    	builder.AddInMemoryCollection();  // 内存配置源
    	// ...
    })
    

    皆是为IConfigurationRoot.Providers做准备,最后通过Build()方法生成ConfigurationRoot实例注册到服务容器

    public class HostBuilder : IHostBuilder
    {
    	private HostBuilderContext _hostBuilderContext;
    	// 配置构建 委托
    	private List<Action<HostBuilderContext, IConfigurationBuilder>> _configureAppConfigActions = new List<Action<HostBuilderContext, IConfigurationBuilder>>();
    	private IConfiguration _appConfiguration;
    	private void BuildAppConfiguration()
    	{
    		IConfigurationBuilder configBuilder = new ConfigurationBuilder();
    
    		foreach (Action<HostBuilderContext, IConfigurationBuilder> buildAction in _configureAppConfigActions)
    		{
    			buildAction(_hostBuilderContext, configBuilder);
    		}
    		_appConfiguration = configBuilder.Build(); // 调用Build()创建IConfiguration 实例 ConfigurationRoot
    		_hostBuilderContext.Configuration = _appConfiguration;
    	}
    	private void CreateServiceProvider()
    	{
    		var services = new ServiceCollection();
    		// register configuration as factory to make it dispose with the service provider
    		services.AddSingleton(_ => _appConfiguration);  // 注册 IConfiguration - 单例
    	}
    }
    

    2.IConfiguration/IConfigurationSection读取配置与配置储存本质
    程序中我们会通过如下方式获取配置值(当然还有绑定IOptions)

    IConfiguration["key"]
    IConfiguration.GetSection("key").Value
    ...

    而IConfiguration注册的实例是ConfigurationRoot,代码如下,其索引器实现竟是倒序遍历配置源,获取配置值。原来当我们通过IConfiguration获取配置时,其实就是倒序遍历IConfigurationBuilder加载进来的配置源。

    public class ConfigurationRoot : IConfigurationRoot, IDisposable
    {
    	private readonly IList<IConfigurationProvider> _providers;
    	public IEnumerable<IConfigurationProvider> Providers => _providers;
    	public string this[string key]
    	{
    		get
    		{
    			// 倒序遍历配置源,获取到配置 就返回,这也是配置覆盖的根本原因,后添加的相同配置会覆盖前面的
    			for (int i = _providers.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    			{
    				IConfigurationProvider provider = _providers[i];
    
    				if (provider.TryGet(key, out string value))
    				{
    					return value;
    				}
    			}
    
    			return null;
    		}
    	}
    }
    

    那么配置数据是以什么形式存储的呢?在Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration项目中,提供了一个IConfigurationProvider默认实现存储抽象类ConfigurationProvider,部分代码如下

    /// <summary>
    /// Base helper class for implementing an <see cref="IConfigurationProvider"/>
    /// </summary>
    public abstract class ConfigurationProvider : IConfigurationProvider
    {
    	protected ConfigurationProvider()
    	{
    		Data = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
    	}
    
    	/// <summary>
    	/// The configuration key value pairs for this provider.
    	/// </summary>
    	protected IDictionary<string, string> Data { get; set; }
    
    	public virtual bool TryGet(string key, out string value)
    		=> Data.TryGetValue(key, out value);
    	/// <summary>
    	/// 虚方法,供具体配置源重写,加载配置到 Data中
    	/// </summary>
    	public virtual void Load() { }
    }
    

    从上可知,所有加载到程序中的配置源,其本质还是存储在Provider里面一个类型为IDictionary<string, string> Data属性中。由此推论: 当通过IConfiguration获取配置时,就是通过各个Provider的Data读取!

    三、简易QueryString配置源实现

    要实现自定义的配置源,只需实现IConfigurationProvider,IConfigurationSource两个接口即可,这里通过一个QueryString格式的简易配置来演示。虫洞隧道

    1.queryString.config数据格式如下

    server=localhost&port=3306&datasource=demo&user=root&password=123456&charset=utf8mb4

    2.实现IConfigurationSource接口(QueryStringConfiguationSource)

    public class QueryStringConfiguationSource : IConfigurationSource
    {
    	public QueryStringConfiguationSource(string path)
    	{
    		Path = path;
    	}
    	/// <summary>
    	/// QueryString文件相对路径
    	/// </summary>
    	public string Path { get; }
    	public IConfigurationProvider Build(IConfigurationBuilder builder)
    	{
    		return new QueryStringConfigurationProvider(this);
    	}
    }
    

    3.实现IConfigurationProvider接口(QueryStringConfiguationProvider)

    public class QueryStringConfigurationProvider : ConfigurationProvider
    {
    	public QueryStringConfigurationProvider(QueryStringConfiguationSource source)
    	{
    		Source = source;
    	}
    	public QueryStringConfiguationSource Source { get; }
    	/// <summary>
    	/// 重写Load方法,将自定义的配置解析到 Data 中
    	/// </summary>
    	public override void Load()
    	{
    		// server=localhost&port=3306&datasource=demo&user=root&password=123456&charset=utf8mb4  例子格式
    		string queryString = File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, Source.Path));
    		string[] arrays = queryString.Split(new[] { "&" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); // & 号分隔
    
    		foreach (var item in arrays)
    		{
    			string[] temps = item.Split(new[] { "=" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);  // = 号分隔
    			if (temps.Length != 2) continue;
    
    			Data.Add(temps[0], temps[1]);
    		}
    	}
    }
    

    4.IConfigurationBuilder配置源构建

    public static class QueryStringConfigurationExtensions
    {
    	/// <summary>
    	/// 默认文件名称 queryString.config
    	/// </summary>
    	/// <param name="builder"></param>
    	/// <returns></returns>
    	public static IConfigurationBuilder AddQueryStringFile(this IConfigurationBuilder builder)
    		=> AddQueryStringFile(builder, "queryString.config");
    	public static IConfigurationBuilder AddQueryStringFile(this IConfigurationBuilder builder, string path)
    		=> builder.Add(new QueryStringConfiguationSource(path));
    }
    

    5.Program加载配置源

    public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
    	Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
    		.ConfigureAppConfiguration(builder =>
    		{
    			// 加载QueryString配置源
    			builder.AddQueryStringFile();   
    			//builder.AddQueryStringFile("queryString.config");
    		})
    		.ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
    		{
    			webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
    		});
    

    至此,自定义QueryString配置源实现完成,便可通过IConfiguration接口获取值,结果如下

    IConfiguration["server"] => localhost
    IConfiguration["datasource"] => demo
    IConfiguration["charset"] => utf8mb4
    ...

    四、宿主配置与应用配置

    .NET Core官方已默认提供了:环境变量、命令行参数,Json、Ini等配置源,不过适用场景却应有不同。不妨可分为两类:一类是宿主配置源,一类是应用配置源
    1.宿主配置源
    宿主配置源:供IHost宿主启动时使用的配置源。环境变量、命令行参数就可归为这类,以IHostEnvironment为例

    /// <summary>
    /// 提供运行环境相关信息
    /// </summary>
    public interface IHostEnvironment
    {
    	string EnvironmentName { get; set; }
    	string ApplicationName { get; set; }
    	string ContentRootPath { get; set; }
    }
    

    IHostEnvironment接口提供了当前应用运行环境相关信息,可以通过IsEnvironment()方法判断当前运行环境是Development还是Production、Staging。

    public static bool IsEnvironment(this IHostEnvironment hostEnvironment, string environmentName)
    {
    	if (hostEnvironment == null)
    	{
    		throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(hostEnvironment));
    	}
    	return string.Equals(hostEnvironment.EnvironmentName, environmentName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
    }
    

    hostEnvironment.EnvironmentName是什么?这就得益于它注册到服务容器时所赋的值:HostBuilder

    public class HostBuilder:IHostBuilder
    {
    	private void CreateHostingEnvironment()
    	{
    		_hostingEnvironment = new HostingEnvironment()
    		{
    			ApplicationName = _hostConfiguration[HostDefaults.ApplicationKey],  // _hostConfiguration 类型是 IConfiguration
    			EnvironmentName = _hostConfiguration[HostDefaults.EnvironmentKey] ?? Environments.Production, // 当未配置环境时,默认Production环境,在使用vs开发启动时,lanuchSetting.json 配置了 环境变量:"ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
    			ContentRootPath = ResolveContentRootPath(_hostConfiguration[HostDefaults.ContentRootKey], AppContext.BaseDirectory),
    		};
    
    		if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_hostingEnvironment.ApplicationName))
    		{
    			// Note GetEntryAssembly returns null for the net4x console test runner.
    			_hostingEnvironment.ApplicationName = Assembly.GetEntryAssembly()?.GetName().Name;
    		}
    	}
    }
    

    由此可见,IHostEnvironment所提供的信息根由仍是从IConfiguration读取,而这些配置正是来自环境变量、命令行参数配置源。
    2.应用配置源
    应用配置源:供应用业务逻辑使用的配置源。Json、Ini、Xml以及自定义的QueryString等就可归为类。

    五、文件配置源配置更新原理

    对于文件配置源,.NET Core默认提供了两个抽象类:FileConfigurationSourceFileConfigurationProvider

    public abstract class FileConfigurationProvider : ConfigurationProvider, IDisposable
    {
    	private readonly IDisposable _changeTokenRegistration;
    
    	public FileConfigurationProvider(FileConfigurationSource source)
    	{
    		if (source == null)
    		{
    			throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(source));
    		}
    		Source = source;
    
    		if (Source.ReloadOnChange && Source.FileProvider != null)
    		{
    			_changeTokenRegistration = ChangeToken.OnChange(	// 文件改变,重新加载配置
    				() => Source.FileProvider.Watch(Source.Path),
    				() =>
    				{
    					Thread.Sleep(Source.ReloadDelay);
    					Load(reload: true);
    				});
    		}
    	}
    
    	/// <summary>
    	/// The source settings for this provider.
    	/// </summary>
    	public FileConfigurationSource Source { get; }
    
    
    	private void Load(bool reload)
    	{
    		IFileInfo file = Source.FileProvider?.GetFileInfo(Source.Path);
    		if (file == null || !file.Exists)
    		{
    			if (Source.Optional || reload) // Always optional on reload
    			{
    				Data = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);	// Data 被重新创建新的实例赋值了
    			}
    			else
    			{
    				var error = new StringBuilder($"The configuration file '{Source.Path}' was not found and is not optional.");
    				if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(file?.PhysicalPath))
    				{
    					error.Append($" The physical path is '{file.PhysicalPath}'.");
    				}
    				HandleException(ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture(new FileNotFoundException(error.ToString())));
    			}
    		}
    		else
    		{
    			// Always create new Data on reload to drop old keys
    			if (reload)
    			{
    				Data = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);	// Data 被重新创建新的实例赋值了
    			}
    
    			static Stream OpenRead(IFileInfo fileInfo)
    			{
    				if (fileInfo.PhysicalPath != null)
    				{
    					// The default physical file info assumes asynchronous IO which results in unnecessary overhead
    					// especally since the configuration system is synchronous. This uses the same settings
    					// and disables async IO.
    					return new FileStream(
    						fileInfo.PhysicalPath,
    						FileMode.Open,
    						FileAccess.Read,
    						FileShare.ReadWrite,
    						bufferSize: 1,
    						FileOptions.SequentialScan);
    				}
    
    				return fileInfo.CreateReadStream();
    			}
    
    			using Stream stream = OpenRead(file);
    			try
    			{
    				Load(stream);
    			}
    			catch (Exception e)
    			{
    				HandleException(ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture(e));
    			}
    		}
    	}
    
    	public override void Load()
    	{
    		Load(reload: false);
    	}
    
    	public abstract void Load(Stream stream);
    }
    

    所有基于文件配置源(如果要监控配置文件更新,如:appsetting.json)都应实现这个两个抽象类,尽管不懂ChangeToken是个什么东东,只需明白Provider.Data 在文件变更时被重新赋值也未尝不可。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/GodX/p/14329675.html
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