与kickstart相比，cobbler的配置和管理都简单了许多，并且可以很方便对用户名、ip等做定制，还能管理yum仓库。本文记录cobbler自动安装系统的安装、配置、使用流程。
环境准备
##系统信息 [root@cobbler ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 [root@cobbler ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) ##网卡信息 [root@cobbler ~]# ip add show eth0|awk 'NR==3{print $2}' 10.0.0.99/24 [root@cobbler ~]# ip add show eth1|awk 'NR==3{print $2}' 172.16.1.99/24 [root@cobbler ~]# ping baidu.com PING baidu.com (220.181.57.216) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 220.181.57.216 (220.181.57.216): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=27.3 ms ##SELinux状态 [root@cobbler ~]# getenforce Disabled ##Firewall 状态 [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl is-active firewalld.service unknown [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service disabled
##配置repo源，我这里用的阿里源，配置方法
[root@Cobbler yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@Cobbler yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
安装相关组件
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd python-django [root@cobbler ~]# rpm -qa cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd python-django pykickstart-1.99.66.19-2.el7.noarch cobbler-web-2.8.4-4.el7.noarch dhcp-4.2.5-68.el7.centos.1.x86_64 cobbler-2.8.4-4.el7.x86_64 tftp-server-5.2-22.el7.x86_64 httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64
配置cobbler
cobbler的配置很简单，主要体现在有配置指导，启动cobbler和httpd后，执行cobbler check并根据提示操作即可，具体过程描述如下：
启动cobbler和httpd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start cobblerd.service [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start httpd [root@cobbler ~]# netstat -lntup|grep httpd tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 2753/httpd tcp6 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 2753/httpd
执行cobbler check
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network. 3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements. 5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl 6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories 7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one 8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
根据check结果进行配置
##1：把/etc/cobbler/settings 中server的值修改为cobbler服务器的地址，我这里使用内网网卡地址：172.16.1.99 ##2：把/etc/cobbler/settings 中next_server的值修改为cobbler服务器的ip，设置这个参数是因为，在cobbler装机的过程中，我们使用cobbler自动管理dhcp，这里的值就是dhcp服务所在服务器的ip，我这里是172.16.1.99 ###7：设置新装系统的密码，其中第一个参数是干扰码，可以随意填写，第二个参数是我们的密码，我用的是1234556，没错，就是两个5，这是个性！！！ ###此外：在这个文件里还有两个参数的值需要修改：manager_dhcp设为1，打开cobbler对dhcp的管理权限；pxe_just_once设为1，避免重复安装
[root@cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'timmygo' '1234556'
$1$timmygo$xKIwswOD6mut6ylvwsoWN/
[root@cobbler ~]# egrep "^server|^next|^manage_dhcp|^pxe_just|^default_pass" /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$timmygo$xKIwswOD6mut6ylvwsoWN/"
manage_dhcp: 1 next_server: 172.16.1.99 pxe_just_once: 1 server: 172.16.1.99 #3、配置tftp，把文件/etc/xinetd.d/tftp中disable的值设置为no [root@cobbler ~]# grep "disable" /etc/xinetd.d/tftp disable = no #4、执行提示的命令，从官网下载一些文件 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders #5、开启rsync服务，并设置为开机自启动 [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start rsyncd.service #6、与Debian系统相关，不用管 #8、fence工具相关，这里是虚拟机，不用管
配置dhcp
需要注意的是，我们要配置的是cobbler中的dhcp配置模板：/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template ，而不是系统中dhcp的配置文件。
因为我们使用cobbler管理dhcp，一旦执行cobbler sync同步操作，cobbler就会用自己的模板覆盖系统中的dhcp配置文件。
修改后的部分如下：
subnet 172.16.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { #option routers 192.168.1.5; #option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; range dynamic-bootp 172.16.1.100 172.16.1.200; default-lease-time 21600; max-lease-time 43200; next-server $next_server;
重启cobbler，并执行同步命令
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service ##再次执行check，如果只剩下面这两条，之前的配置就妥了 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories 2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes. ##然后执行同步命令，提示“*** TASK COMPLETE ***”就说明同步成功了 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
查看各服务状态
##之前没有启动tftp，这里需要启动一下，总之保证各种服务能正常运行就行
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl is-enabled tftp.socket rsyncd.service httpd.service enabled enabled enabled [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl is-active tftp.socket rsyncd.service dhcpd.service httpd.service active active active active
挂载光盘，我用的是/mnt
[root@cobbler ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt [root@cobbler ~]# df -h|grep mnt /dev/sr0 4.2G 4.2G 0 100% /mnt
web端操作
这是就可以使用https://${ip}/cobbler_web登录，然后在web端完成剩余的操作，但是要注意，pc端的360、卡巴啦什么的，最好都关掉。
另外，我遇到一个问题，不知是不是个例，记录一下，以备翻查。
web端登录遇到的bug
登录时，显示如下页面
然后查看httpd的log日志，如下：
[root@cobbler ~]# less /var/log/httpd/ssl_error_log [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974188 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] Traceback (most recent call last): [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974210 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] File "/usr/share/cobbler/web/cobbler.wsgi", line 26, in application [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974274 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] _application = get_wsgi_application() [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974286 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 13, in get_wsgi_application [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974326 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] django.setup(set_prefix=False) [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974337 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 22, in setup [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974376 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING) [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974386 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 56, in __getattr__ [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974456 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] self._setup(name) [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974465 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 41, in _setup [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974478 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module) [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974485 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 110, in __init__ [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974495 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE) [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974501 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974896 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] __import__(name) [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974912 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] File "/usr/share/cobbler/web/settings.py", line 89, in <module> [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974959 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] from django.conf.global_settings import TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS [Fri Feb 01 10:14:10.974975 2019] [:error] [pid 2754] [remote 10.0.0.1:0] ImportError: cannot import name TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS
都是关于python的，考虑到关于python的包就装了两个，猜测是Django的问题，后来在网上查了一下，最终解决办法如下：
[root@cobbler ~]# python -c "import django; print(django.get_version())" 1.11.18 [root@cobbler ~]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py [root@cobbler ~]# python get-pip.py [root@cobbler ~]# pip install Django==1.8.9 [root@cobbler ~]# python -c "import django; print(django.get_version())" 1.8.9
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service
登录web
重新登录，得到如图页面，默认的用户名密码都是cobbler
导入镜像
可以查看导入的进度
如果想知道镜像被同步到哪里去了，可以在同步未完成的时候，到命令行中查看，找到目标目录，同步完成后可以随时查看
[root@cobbler ~]# ps -ef|grep rsync root 2925 1 0 10:03 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/rsync --daemon --no-detach root 3232 3091 26 10:33 ? 00:00:09 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.5-x86_64 --progress root 3233 3232 0 10:33 ? 00:00:00 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.5-x86_64 --progress root 3234 3233 24 10:33 ? 00:00:09 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.5-x86_64 --progress root 3257 2506 0 10:34 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto rsync
配置发行版本
配置kickstart文件
配置profile
配置目标system
配置完毕，同步配置
配置完毕，开启装机
打开目标服务器
然后就可以喝茶聊天等结果了。
千万不要说，目标机和服务端不在一个局域网内，或者配置中的server 和 netx_server的IP地址不对哈，我已经遇到好多朋友给自己刨过这样的坑了！
装机后验证
[root@kvm1 ~]# hostname kvm1 [root@kvm1 ~]# ip addr show eth0|awk 'NR==3{print $2}' 10.0.0.101/24 [root@kvm1 ~]# ip addr show eth1|awk 'NR==3{print $2}' 172.16.1.101/24 [root@kvm1 ~]# ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (111.13.100.92) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 111.13.100.92 (111.13.100.92): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=14.4 ms 64 bytes from 111.13.100.92 (111.13.100.92): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=13.7 ms