第4章--JSP
JSP
JSP(Java Server Pages) - 中文名:Java服务器页面
动态网页技术标准
JSP = Html + Java + JSP tags
在服务器端执行,返回给客户端一个html文本
可以看作简化的Servlet
JSP vs Servlet:
侧重点:JSP页面表示--视图;Servlet逻辑控制
内置对象:JSP有内置对象供选择;Servlet无
本质:JSP只需完成输出到客户端的内容
JSP处理流程:
浏览器向服务器发送JSP请求,请求JSP文件,
JSP容器(常用tomcat)从磁盘中载入对应JSP文件,并转化成对应的Servlet文件
(简单将所有模板文件改用print语句输出,将所有JSP元素转换成Java代码)
JSP容器将Servlet编译成.class文件
将原始请求传递给Servlet容器
web组件调用Servlet容器执行Servlet实例
Servlet输出HTML页面,并将其嵌入到HttpResponse交给web服务器
web服务器以静态资源的方式将HttpResponse返回浏览器
JSP基本语法:
主要包含JSP元素(被JSP引擎处理的部分)和模板数据(JSP引擎不处理的部分,如html内容):
模板元素:静态内容
JSP元素:指令、注释、表达式、声明、脚本
JSP声明:参变量的声明--一个声明语句可以声明一个或多个变量或方法,供后面的java代码使用
<%!declaration; [declaration;] + ... %>
i.e. <%! int a, b, c; %>
JSP表达式:可以包含任何符合Java语言规范的表达式,但是不能使用分号来结束表达式
<% = 表达式 %>
i.e. <p>Today's date: <%= (new java.util.Date()).toLocaleString() %> </p>
JSP脚本:可以包含任意量的Java语句、变量、方法或表达式
<% 代码片段 %>
i.e. <% out.println("Your IP address is " + request.getRemoteAddr()); %>
JSP注释:代码注释/将某段代码注释掉
<%-- 注释在这里 --%>
JSP指令:用于设置页面相关的属性,并不直接产生输出;告诉JSP容器如何处理其余的JSP页面
page指令:设置静态属性--定义页面的依赖属性,比如脚本语言、error页面、缓存需求等。
include指令:向当前页面插入一个静态文件(如JSP/html/文本/java程序)的内容。
用于通知JSP容器将另外一个文件包含到当前文件中,效果为内容的复制粘贴
taglib指令:引入标签库的定义
JSP内置对象:JSP容器为每个页面提供的java对象,开发者可以直接使用这些对象而不用显式声明(也成为预定义变量)
目前支持9个内置对象
i.e.
new - Other - JSP File - webapp下hello.jsp
代码自动生成:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> </body> </html>
第一行page指令:language/contentType/pageEncoding...
尝试加入:
注释:<!-- this is jsp comment -->
声明:<%!String name; %>
表达式:request uri is <%=request.getRequestURI() %>
脚本:
<%
name = "abc";
out.println("name is " + name);
%>
完整代码:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <!-- this is jsp comment --> <%!String name; %> request uri is <%=request.getRequestURI() %> <br/> <% name = "abc"; out.println("name is " + name); %> </body> </html>
之前提到JSP容器会将JSP转换成Servlet文件:
路径:Tomcat目录/work/Catalina/localhost/项目文件夹
在JSP执行之前,该文件夹下为空;
执行之后:/org/apache/jsp/路径下产生两个文件 hello_jsp.class & hello_jsp.class
hello_jsp.java
/* * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat * Version: Apache Tomcat/9.0.0.M22 * Generated at: 2017-08-10 06:48:36 UTC * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to * the last modified time of the source file after * generation to assist with modification tracking. */ package org.apache.jsp; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.jsp.*; public final class hello_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent, org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports { String name; ...... ......
...... public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request,
final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException { final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod(); if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method)
&& !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method)
&& !javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) { response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSPs only permit GET POST or HEAD"); return; }
// 内置对象 final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext; javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null; final javax.servlet.ServletContext application; final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config; javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null; final java.lang.Object page = this; javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null; javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null; try { response.setContentType("text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"); pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response, null, true, 8192, true); _jspx_page_context = pageContext; application = pageContext.getServletContext(); config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); session = pageContext.getSession(); out = pageContext.getOut(); _jspx_out = out; out.write(" "); out.write("<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> "); out.write("<html> "); out.write("<head> "); out.write("<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> "); out.write("<title>Insert title here</title> "); out.write("</head> "); out.write("<body> "); out.write("<!-- this is jsp comment --> "); out.write(" "); out.write("request uri is "); out.print(request.getRequestURI() ); out.write(" "); out.write("<br/> "); name = "abc"; out.println("name is " + name); out.write(" "); out.write("</body> "); out.write("</html>"); } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) { if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){ out = _jspx_out; if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0) try { if (response.isCommitted()) { out.flush(); } else { out.clearBuffer(); } } catch (java.io.IOException e) {} if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t); else throw new ServletException(t); } } finally { _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context); } } }
_jspService() 相当于Servlet中的service()