• SpringBoot学习记录(二)


    一. SpringBoot日志框架

    SpringBoot:底层是Spring框架,Spring框架默认是用JCL(commons-logging);

    SpringBoot选用SLF4j和logback;

    1.SLF4j使用

    (1) 如何在系统中使用SLF4j 

      以后开发的时候,日志记录方法的调用,不应该直接调用日志的实现类,而是调用日志抽象层里面的方法;给系统里面导入slf4j的jar和logback的实现jar包

    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    public class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);
    logger.info("Hello World");
    }
    }
    

    网上找的图例:每一个日志的实现框架都有自己的配置文件。使用slf4j以后,配置文件还是做成日志实现框架自己本身的配置文件

    (2) 遗留问题

    SpringBoot (slf4j+logback);Spring (commons-logging); Hibernate (jboss-logging); Mybatis

    统一日志记录,即使是别的框架如何与SpringBoot一起使用slf4j进行输出?

    1. 将系统中其他日志框架先排除出去;

    2. 用中间包替换原有的日志框架;

    3. 导入slf4j其他的实现

    (3) SpringBoot日志关系

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    

    SpringBoot使用它来做日志功能;

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐logging</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    

    底层依赖关系

    总结:

    (1) SPringBoot底层也是使用slf4j+logback的方式进行日志记录

    (2) SpringBoot也罢其他的日志都替换成了slf4j

    (3) 中间替换包

    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
    public abstract class LogFactory {
      static String UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION_IN_JCL_OVER_SLF4J =
          "http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#unsupported_operation_in_jcl_over_slf4j";
      static LogFactory logFactory = new SLF4JLogFactory();
    

    (4) 如果我们要引入其他框架一定要把这个框架的默认日志依赖移除掉

    例如;Spring框架用的是commons-logging;那么如果要使用Spring就需要吧这个依赖移除

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring‐core</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>commons‐logging</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons‐logging</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>            

    SpringBoot能自动适配所有的日志,而且底层使用slf4j+logback的方式记录日志,引入其他框架的时候,只需要把这个框架的依赖的日志框架排除掉即可

    2. SpringBoot的日志配置

    SpringBoot默认帮我们配置了日志;

    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @SpringBootTest
    public class SpringBootLoggingApplicationTests {
    
    	@Test
    	public void contextLoads() {
    //		System.out.println();
    		Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
    
    		//日志的级别:由低到高 trace < debug < info < warn < error
    		//可以调整输出的日志级别;日志就只会在这个级别以及之后的高级别生效
    		logger.trace("这是trace日志。。。");
    		logger.debug("这是debug日志。。。");
    
    		//SpringBoot默认级别是从info开始,即root级别; 可以通过配置文件进行调节
    		logger.info("这是info日志。。。");
    		logger.warn("这是warn日志。。。");
    		logger.error("这是error日志。。。");
    	}
    
    }
    
    日志输出格式:
    %d表示日期时间,
    %thread表示线程名,
    %‐5level:级别从左显示5个字符宽度
    %logger{50} 表示logger名字最长50个字符,否则按照句点分割。
    %msg:日志消息,
    %n是换行符
    
    %d{yyyy‐MM‐dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %‐5level %logger{50} ‐ %msg%n
    

    SpringBoot修改日志的默认配置

    logging.level.com.javaweb=trace
    
    #在当前磁盘的根路径下创建spring文件夹和里面的log文件夹;使用spring.log作为默认文件
    logging.path=/spring/log
    
    #不指定路径在当前项目下生成springboot.log,也可以指定完胜的路径
    #logging.file=springboot.log
    #logging.file=D:/springboot.log
    
    #在控制台输出日志的格式
    logging.pattern.console=%d{yyyy-MM-dd} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
    #在指定文件中日志的输出格式
    logging.pattern.file=%d{yyyy-MM-dd} == [%thread == %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
    

    二. SpringBoot的Web开发

    1. 使用SpringBoot:

    (1) 创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块

    (2) SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来

    (3) 自己编写业务代码

    自动配置原理:

    这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么?能不能修改?能修改那些配置?能不能扩展?

    xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;
    xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;

    2. SpringBoot对静态济源的映射规则

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
    public class ResourceProperties {
     
    
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
                if(!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
                    logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
                } else {
                    Duration cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod();
                    CacheControl cacheControl = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl();
                    if(!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
                        this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{"/webjars/**"}).addResourceLocations(new String[]{"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/"}).setCachePeriod(this.getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
                    }
    ​
                    String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
                    if(!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
                        this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{staticPathPattern}).addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())).setCachePeriod(this.getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
                    }
    ​
                }
            }

    (1) 所有/webjars/**,都去classpath:/META-INF/resource/webjars/ 找资源

    以jar包的方式引入静态资源

    http://www.webjars.org

     

    localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js

    <!-- 引入jquery-webjars 在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可--> 
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
                <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.1</version>
            </dependency>

    (2) /** 访问当前项目的任何资源 (静态资源文件夹)

    "classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
    "classpath:/resources/",
    "classpath:/static/",
    "classpath:/public/",

    localhost:8080/abc ===>自动去静态资源文件夹寻找abc资源

    (3) 欢迎页;静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;

    (4) 所有的**/facivon.ico都是在静态资源文件下找

    3. 模板引擎

    JSP,Veloctiy,Freemarker,Thymeleaf;

    SpringBoot推荐使用Thymeleaf:

    语法更简单,功能更强大;

    1. 引入thymeleaf

    <!-- 引入模板引擎 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
            </dependency>

    2. 使用thymeleaf

    @ConfigurationProperties(
        prefix = "spring.thymeleaf"
    )
    public class ThymeleafProperties {
        private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING;
        public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
        public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
        private boolean checkTemplate = true;
        private boolean checkTemplateLocation = true;
        
        //只要我们把html页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染
        private String prefix = "classpath:/templates/";
        
        private String suffix = ".html";
        private String mode = "HTML";

    只需要在页面中导入thymeleaf的空间,就可以使用thymeleaf的语法

    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

    3. thymeleaf语法规则

    (1) th:text:改变当前元素里面的文本内容;

    th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性:

    <div th:text="${hello}" th:id="${hello}" th:class="${hello}"></div>

    (2) 表达式

    Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
        Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
            1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
            2)、使用内置的基本对象:
                #ctx : the context object.
                #vars: the context variables.
    ​
                #vars: the context variables.
                #locale : the context locale.
                #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
    ​
                ${session.foo}
            3)、内置的一些工具对象:
    #execInfo : information about the template being processed.
    #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the
    same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
    #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
    #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
    #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
    #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
    #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
    #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
    #objects : methods for objects in general.
    #bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
    #arrays : methods for arrays.
    #lists : methods for lists.
    #sets : methods for sets.
    #maps : methods for maps.
    #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
    #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a
    result of an iteration).
    ​
    Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
    补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
    <div th:object="${session.user}">
        <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
        <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
        <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
    </div>
    ​
    Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
    ​
    Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
    @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
    ​
    Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
    <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
    ​
    Literals(字面量)
    Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
    Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
    Boolean literals: true , false
    Null literal: null
    Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
    Text operations:(文本操作)
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
    Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
    Binary operators: + , ‐ , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): ‐
    Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
    Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
    Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
    If‐then: (if) ? (then)
    If‐then‐else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
    Special tokens:
    No‐Operation: _

    例如:

    我在业务层java编写:

    /**
     * @program: spring-boot-web
     * @description:
     * @author: Yukai Fan
     * @create: 2018-10-20 09:46
     **/
    @Controller
    public class HelloController {
    ​
        //查处一些数据,在页面展示
        @RequestMapping("success")
        public String success(Map<String, Object> map) {
            map.put("hello","<h1>你好</h1>");
            map.put("users", Arrays.asList("zhangsan","lisi","wangwu"));
            //classpath:/templates/success.html
            return "success";
        }
    }
    ​

    根据thymeleaf可以默认从classpath:/templates/下寻找success.html

    所以使用tyhmeleaf语法在success.html上:

    <body>
        <h1>成功</h1>
        <!-- th:text 设置文本内容 -->
        <div th:text="${hello}"></div>
        <div th:utext="${hello}"></div>
    <hr/><!-- th:each每次遍历都会生成当前标签 3个h4标签-->
        <h4 th:text="${user}" th:each="user:${users}"></h4>
        <hr/><h4>
            <span th:each="user:${users}"> [[${user}]] </span>
        </h4></body>

    得到的效果为:

    其中审查元素可知,有三个h4标签,3个span标签

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/FanJava/p/9818942.html
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