• Go语言参数校验(go-playground / validator)——基本使用


    Go语言没有像Java一样的注解快速进行参数的校验,但可以通过struct tag(结构体标签)进行序列化。常用的如:

    type User struct {
    ID string `json:"id"`
    Name string `json:"name"`
    Age string `json:"age"`
    }
    但需要更复杂的校验,这时需要用一些专业的库来完成。go-playground / validator作为一款优秀的Go语言校验库,基于标记为结构体和单个字段实现值验证。使用简单、快捷。

    添加依赖
    go get github.com/go-playground/validator
    代码
    package main

    import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/go-playground/validator"
    )

    var validate *validator.Validate //定义

    type User struct {
    Name string `validate:"required"` //非空
    Age uint8 `validate:"gte=0,lte=130"` // 0<=Age<=130
    Email string `validate:"required,email"` //非空,email格式
    //dive关键字代表 进入到嵌套结构体进行判断
    Address []*Address `validate:"dive"` // 可以拥有多个地址
    }
    type Address struct {
    Province string `validate:"required"` //非空
    City string `validate:"required"` //非空
    Phone string `validate:"numeric,len=11"` //数字类型,长度为11
    }

    func main() {
    validate = validator.New() //初始化(赋值)
    validateStruct() //结构体校验
    validateVariable() //变量校验
    }
    func validateStruct() {
    address := Address{
    Province: "重庆",
    City: "重庆",
    Phone: "13366663333x",
    }
    user := User{
    Name: "江洲",
    Age: 23,
    Email: "jz@163.com",
    Address: []*Address{&address},
    }
    err := validate.Struct(user)
    if err != nil {
    //断言为:validator.ValidationErrors,类型为:[]FieldError
    for _, e := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) {
    fmt.Println("Namespace:", e.Namespace())
    fmt.Println("Field:", e.Field())
    fmt.Println("StructNamespace:", e.StructNamespace())
    fmt.Println("StructField:", e.StructField())
    fmt.Println("Tag:", e.Tag())
    fmt.Println("ActualTag:", e.ActualTag())
    fmt.Println("Kind:", e.Kind())
    fmt.Println("Type:", e.Type())
    fmt.Println("Value:", e.Value())
    fmt.Println("Param:", e.Param())
    fmt.Println()
    }

    fmt.Println("结构体输入数据类型错误!")
    return
    } else {
    fmt.Println("结构体校验通过")
    }
    }
    //变量校验
    func validateVariable() {
    myEmail := "123@qq.com" //邮箱地址:xx@xx.com
    err := validate.Var(myEmail, "required,email")
    if err != nil {
    fmt.Println(err)
    } else {
    fmt.Println("变量校验通过!")
    }
    }
    运行效果:


    ————————————————
    版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「cqu_jiangzhou」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
    原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42117918/article/details/107407053

    前言

    在web应用中经常会遇到数据验证问题,普通的验证方法比较繁琐,这里介绍一个使用比较多的包validator

    原理

    将验证规则写在struct对字段tag里,再通过反射(reflect)获取struct的tag,实现数据验证。

    安装

    go get github.com/go-playground/validator/v10

    示例

    package main
    
    import (
        "fmt"
        "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
    )
    
    type Users struct {
        Phone   string `form:"phone" json:"phone" validate:"required"`
        Passwd   string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"`
        Code   string `form:"code" json:"code" validate:"required,len=6"`
    }
    
    func main() {
    
        users := &Users{
            Phone:      "1326654487",
            Passwd:       "123",
            Code:            "123456",
        }
        validate := validator.New()
        err := validate.Struct(users)
        if err != nil {
            for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) {
                fmt.Println(err)//Key: 'Users.Passwd' Error:Field validation for 'Passwd' failed on the 'min' tag
                return
            }
        }
        return
    }

    验证规则

    • required :必填
    • email:验证字符串是email格式;例:"email"
    • url:这将验证字符串值包含有效的网址;例:"url"
    • max:字符串最大长度;例:"max=20"
    • min:字符串最小长度;例:"min=6"
    • excludesall:不能包含特殊字符;例:"excludesall=0x2C"//注意这里用十六进制表示。
    • len:字符长度必须等于n,或者数组、切片、map的len值为n,即包含的项目数;例:"len=6"
    • eq:数字等于n,或者或者数组、切片、map的len值为n,即包含的项目数;例:"eq=6"
    • ne:数字不等于n,或者或者数组、切片、map的len值不等于为n,即包含的项目数不为n,其和eq相反;例:"ne=6"
    • gt:数字大于n,或者或者数组、切片、map的len值大于n,即包含的项目数大于n;例:"gt=6"
    • gte:数字大于或等于n,或者或者数组、切片、map的len值大于或等于n,即包含的项目数大于或等于n;例:"gte=6"
    • lt:数字小于n,或者或者数组、切片、map的len值小于n,即包含的项目数小于n;例:"lt=6"
    • lte:数字小于或等于n,或者或者数组、切片、map的len值小于或等于n,即包含的项目数小于或等于n;例:"lte=6"

    跨字段验证

    如想实现比较输入密码和确认密码是否一致等类似场景

    • eqfield=Field: 必须等于 Field 的值;
    • nefield=Field: 必须不等于 Field 的值;
    • gtfield=Field: 必须大于 Field 的值;
    • gtefield=Field: 必须大于等于 Field 的值;
    • ltfield=Field: 必须小于 Field 的值;
    • ltefield=Field: 必须小于等于 Field 的值;
    • eqcsfield=Other.Field: 必须等于 struct Other 中 Field 的值;
    • necsfield=Other.Field: 必须不等于 struct Other 中 Field 的值;
    • gtcsfield=Other.Field: 必须大于 struct Other 中 Field 的值;
    • gtecsfield=Other.Field: 必须大于等于 struct Other 中 Field 的值;
    • ltcsfield=Other.Field: 必须小于 struct Other 中 Field 的值;
    • ltecsfield=Other.Field: 必须小于等于 struct Other 中 Field 的值;

    示例

    type UserReg struct {
        Passwd   string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"`
        Repasswd   string `form:"repasswd" json:"repasswd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6,eqfield=Passwd"`
    }

    示例验证了Passwd,和Repasswd值是否相等。如想了解更多类型,请参考文档 https://godoc.org/gopkg.in/go...

    自定义验证类型

    示例:

    package main
    
    import (
        "fmt"
        "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
    )
    
    type Users struct {
        Name   string `form:"name" json:"name" validate:"required,CustomValidationErrors"`//包含自定义函数
        Age   uint8 `form:"age" json:"age" validate:"required,gt=18"`
        Passwd   string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"`
        Code   string `form:"code" json:"code" validate:"required,len=6"`
    }
    
    func main() {
    
        users := &Users{
            Name:      "admin",
            Age:        12,
            Passwd:       "123",
            Code:            "123456",
        }
        validate := validator.New()
        //注册自定义函数
        _=validate.RegisterValidation("CustomValidationErrors", CustomValidationErrors)
        err := validate.Struct(users)
        if err != nil {
            for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) {
                fmt.Println(err)//Key: 'Users.Name' Error:Field validation for 'Name' failed on the 'CustomValidationErrors' tag
                return
            }
        }
        return
    }
    
    func CustomValidationErrors(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
    return fl.Field().String() != "admin"
    }

    翻译错误信息为中文

    通过以上示例我们看到,validator默认的错误提示信息类似如下

    Key: 'Users.Name' Error:Field validation for 'Name' failed on the 'CustomValidationErrors' tag

    显然这并不是我们想要,如想翻译成中文,或其他语言怎么办?go-playground上提供了很好的解决方法。

    先自行安装需要的两个包

    https://github.com/go-playground/locales
    https://github.com/go-playground/universal-translator

    执行:

    go get github.com/go-playground/universal-translator
    go get github.com/go-playground/locales

    示例:

    package main
    
    import (
        "fmt"
        "github.com/go-playground/locales/zh"
        ut "github.com/go-playground/universal-translator"
        "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
        zh_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/zh"
    )
    
    type Users struct {
        Name   string `form:"name" json:"name" validate:"required"`
        Age   uint8 `form:"age" json:"age" validate:"required,gt=18"`
        Passwd   string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"`
        Code   string `form:"code" json:"code" validate:"required,len=6"`
    }
    
    func main() {
        users := &Users{
            Name:      "admin",
            Age:        12,
            Passwd:       "123",
            Code:            "123456",
        }
        uni := ut.New(zh.New())
        trans, _ := uni.GetTranslator("zh")
        validate := validator.New()
        //验证器注册翻译器
        err := zh_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(validate, trans)
        if err!=nil {
            fmt.Println(err)
        }
        err = validate.Struct(users)
        if err != nil {
            for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) {
                fmt.Println(err.Translate(trans))//Age必须大于18
                return
            }
        }
    
        return
    }

    输出:

    Age必须大于18

    至此我们发现大部分错误信息已经翻译成中文,但字段名(Age)还是没有翻译,为了将字段名翻译成中文,查了一些资料,https://www.jianshu.com/p/51b...

    照着做没有成功(可能有遗漏吧),最后还是翻看了一下源代码,在https://github.com/go-playgro...,第137行

    // RegisterTagNameFunc registers a function to get alternate names for StructFields.
    //
    // eg. to use the names which have been specified for JSON representations of structs, rather than normal Go field names:
    //
    //    validate.RegisterTagNameFunc(func(fld reflect.StructField) string {
    //        name := strings.SplitN(fld.Tag.Get("json"), ",", 2)[0]
    //        if name == "-" {
    //            return ""
    //        }
    //        return name
    //    })

    其实原理就是注册一个函数,将struct tag里添加的中文名 作为备用名。

    package main
    
    import (
        "fmt"
        "github.com/go-playground/locales/zh"
        ut "github.com/go-playground/universal-translator"
        "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
        zh_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/zh"
        "reflect"
    )
    
    type Users struct {
        Name   string `form:"name" json:"name" validate:"required" label:"用户名"`
        Age   uint8 `form:"age" json:"age" validate:"required,gt=18" label:"年龄"`
        Passwd   string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"`
        Code   string `form:"code" json:"code" validate:"required,len=6"`
    }
    
    func main() {
        users := &Users{
            Name:      "admin",
            Age:        12,
            Passwd:       "123",
            Code:            "123456",
        }
        uni := ut.New(zh.New())
        trans, _ := uni.GetTranslator("zh")
        validate := validator.New()
        //注册一个函数,获取struct tag里自定义的label作为字段名
        validate.RegisterTagNameFunc(func(fld reflect.StructField) string {
            name:=fld.Tag.Get("label")
            return name
        })
        //注册翻译器
        err := zh_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(validate, trans)
        if err!=nil {
            fmt.Println(err)
        }
        err = validate.Struct(users)
        if err != nil {
            for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) {
                fmt.Println(err.Translate(trans))//年龄必须大于18
                return
            }
        }
    
        return
    }
    
    

    输出结果:

    年龄必须大于18

    gin 内置的validator

    gin已经支持go-playground / validator / v10进行验证。在此处查看有关标签用法的完整文档。

    以下只提供了一个绑定ShouldBindWith示例,如需了解更多方法,进入这里

    示例

    package main
    
    import (
        "fmt"
        "github.com/go-playground/locales/zh"
        ut "github.com/go-playground/universal-translator"
        "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
        "net/http"
        "reflect"
        "strings"
        "time"
    
        "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
        "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
        zh_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/zh"
    )
    var trans ut.Translator
    // Booking contains binded and validated data.
    type Booking struct {
        CheckIn  time.Time `form:"check_in" json:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02" label:"输入时间"`
        CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" json:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02" label:"输出时间"`
    }
    
    var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
        date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
        if ok {
            today := time.Now()
            if today.After(date) {
                return false
            }
        }
        return true
    }
    
    func main() {
        route := gin.Default()
        uni := ut.New(zh.New())
        trans, _ = uni.GetTranslator("zh")
    
        if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
            //注册翻译器
            _= zh_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(v, trans)
            //注册自定义函数
            _=v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
    
            //注册一个函数,获取struct tag里自定义的label作为字段名
            v.RegisterTagNameFunc(func(fld reflect.StructField) string {
                name:=fld.Tag.Get("label")
                return name
            })
            //根据提供的标记注册翻译
            v.RegisterTranslation("bookabledate", trans, func(ut ut.Translator) error {
                return ut.Add("bookabledate", "{0}不能早于当前时间或{1}格式错误!", true)
            }, func(ut ut.Translator, fe validator.FieldError) string {
                t, _ := ut.T("bookabledate", fe.Field(), fe.Field())
                return t
            })
    
        }
        route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
        route.Run(":8085")
    }
    
    func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
        var b Booking
        if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
            c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
        } else {
            errs := err.(validator.ValidationErrors)
    
            fmt.Println(errs.Translate(trans))
            //for _, e := range errs {
            //    // can translate each error one at a time.
            //    fmt.Println(e.Translate(trans))
            //}
            c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": errs.Translate(trans)})
        }
    }

    运行程序,执行以下命令

    $ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2018-04-16&check_out=2018-04-16"

    结果:

    {"error":{"Booking.输入时间":"输入时间不能早于当前时间或输入时间格式错误!","Booking.输出时间":"输出时间必须大于CheckIn"}}

    查看以上结果我们发现翻译还是不太完美,如规则中有gtfield的情况,字段(CheckIn)并没有被翻译。所以通过struct添加label的方式并不能从根本上解决字段翻译问题。为了得到想要的结果,就需要将错误信息做单独处理再输出。

    先定义翻译库

    var BookingTrans =map[string]string{"CheckIn":"输入时间","CheckOut":"输出时间"}

    再定义翻译函数

    func TransTagName(libTans,err interface{}) interface{} {
        switch err.(type) {
        case validator.ValidationErrorsTranslations:
            var errs map[string]string
            errs = make(map[string]string,0)
            for k,v:=range err.(validator.ValidationErrorsTranslations){
                for key,value:=range libTans.(map[string]string)  {
                    v=strings.Replace(v,key,value,-1)
                }
                errs[k] = v
            }
            return errs
        case string:
            var errs string
            for key,value:=range libTans.(map[string]string)  {
                errs=strings.Replace(errs,key,value,-1)
            }
            return errs
        default:
            return err
        }
    }
    

    将原来翻译错误信息的地方

    errs.Translate(trans)

    修改为

    msg:=TransTagName(BookingTrans,errs.Translate(trans))
    fmt.Println(msg)

    结果

    {"error":{"Booking.输入时间":"输入时间不能早于当前时间或输入时间格式错误!","Booking.输出时间":"输出时间必须大于输入时间"}}

    小结:

    1. gin 已经支持validator最新的v10。
    2. validator数据验证顺序struct字段从上往下,单个字段规则(binding:"gt=0,lt=2`),先左后右。

    参考:

    https://github.com/go-playgro...

    https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin

    https://gitissue.com/issues/5...

    https://segmentfault.com/a/11...

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ExMan/p/15157303.html
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