使用 Pika 连接 rabbitmq 集群
使用 python 编程经常会用到 pika 来向 rabbitmq 发送消息,单个 rabbitmq 节点连接比较简单,本文介绍使用 rabbitmq 集群情况下的连接方式。
vip 连接方式
在 client 与 rabbitmq server 之间通过 haproxy 等负载均衡来提供 vip,我使用的环境就是采用这种方式,但是遇到某一节点挂掉时再访问 vip 连接 rabbitmq 集群会连接失败,常见 log 如下:
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<URLParameters host=10.10.11.1 port=5672 virtual_host=/ ssl=False> DEBUG:pika.adapters.select_connection:Using EPollPoller DEBUG:pika.callback:Added: { 'callback' : <bound method SelectConnection._on_connection_start of <SelectConnection CLOSED socket=None params =<URLParameters host=10.10.11.1 port=5672 virtual_host=/ ssl=False>>>, 'only' : None, 'one_shot' : True, 'arguments' : None, 'calls' : 1} DEBUG:pika.callback:Added: { 'callback' : <bound method SelectConnection._on_connection_close of <SelectConnection CLOSED socket=None params =<URLParameters host=10.10.11.1 port=5672 virtual_host=/ ssl=False>>>, 'only' : None, 'one_shot' : True, 'arguments' : None, 'calls' : 1} DEBUG:pika.callback:Added: { 'callback' : <bound method _CallbackResult.set_value_once of <pika.adapters.blocking_connection._CallbackResult object at 0x7f869db987a0>>, 'only' : None, 'one_shot' : False, 'arguments' : None} DEBUG:pika.callback:Added: { 'callback' : <bound method _CallbackResult.set_value_once of <pika.adapters.blocking_connection._CallbackResult object at 0x7f869db98758>>, 'only' : None, 'one_shot' : False, 'arguments' : None} DEBUG:pika.callback:Added: { 'callback' : <bound method _CallbackResult.set_value_once of <pika.adapters.blocking_connection._CallbackResult object at 0x7f869db987e8>>, 'only' : None, 'one_shot' : False, 'arguments' : None} DEBUG:pika.adapters.select_connection:call_later: added timeout <pika.adapters.select_connection._Timeout object at 0x7f869dc0b6d0> with deadline=1538140088.706256 and callback=<bound method SelectConnection._on_connect_timer of <SelectConnection INIT socket=None params =<URLParameters host=10.10.11.1 port=5672 virtual_host=/ ssl=False>>>; now=1538140088.71; delay=0 INFO:pika.adapters.base_connection:Pika version 0.12.0 connecting to 10.10.11.1:5672 ERROR:pika.adapters.base_connection:Read empty data, calling disconnect INFO:pika.connection:Disconnected from RabbitMQ at 10.10.11.1:5672 (-1): EOF ERROR:pika.connection:Incompatible Protocol Versions ERROR:pika.connection:Connection setup failed due to The protocol returned by the server is not supported: (-1, 'EOF' ) DEBUG:pika.callback:Processing 0:_on_connection_error DEBUG:pika.callback:Calling <bound method _CallbackResult.set_value_once of <pika.adapters.blocking_connection._CallbackResult object at 0x7f869db987a0>> for "0:_on_connection_error" DEBUG:pika.callback:Processing 0:_on_connection_closed DEBUG:pika.callback:Calling <bound method _CallbackResult.set_value_once of <pika.adapters.blocking_connection._CallbackResult object at 0x7f869db987e8>> for "0:_on_connection_closed" DEBUG:pika.callback:Incremented callback reference counter: { 'callback' : <bound method SelectConnection._on_connection_start of <SelectConnection CLOSED socket=None params =<URLParameters host=10.10.11.1 port=5672 virtual_host=/ ssl=False>>>, 'only' : None, 'one_shot' : True, 'arguments' : None, 'calls' : 2} DEBUG:pika.callback:Incremented callback reference counter: { 'callback' : <bound method SelectConnection._on_connection_close of <SelectConnection CLOSED socket=None params =<URLParameters host=10.10.11.1 port=5672 virtual_host=/ ssl=False>>>, 'only' : None, 'one_shot' : True, 'arguments' : None, 'calls' : 2} ERROR:pika.adapters.blocking_connection:Connection open failed - The protocol returned by the server is not supported: (-1 |
这个报错通常是由于网络问题导致,尝试过 Telnet 连接 vip 和端口,都正常返回,目前还未找到 pika 访问 vip 连接 rabbitmq 失败的原因,所以采用类似于 openstack 中连接 rabbitmq 的方式,配置多主机列表,建立连接池。
配置 multiple hosts
openstack 配置transport_url 采用 rabbitmq 集群 host 列表方式,然后在 oslo.message 中建立连接池,通过 kombu 来使用 rabbitmq。参考这种方式,用 pika 实现。
pika 的官方文档中有示例参考 blocking_consume_recover_multiple_hosts
实际实现的时候会抛异常,原因是传递给 pika 需要是个实例而不是列表,官网上提供的方式把 host url 参数化后直接放到列表里传给 pika 进行连接:
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node1 = pika.URLParameters( 'amqp://node1' ) node2 = pika.URLParameters( 'amqp://node2' ) node3 = pika.URLParameters( 'amqp://node3' ) all_endpoints = [node1, node2, node3] connection = pika.BlockingConnection(all_endpoints) |
实际执行后报错如下:
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Expected instance of Parameters, not [.........] |
github 上提交的 issue: parameters error
目前不支持直接传入多 host url 来池化 rabbitmq 集群的连接,所以要在应用程序中单独实现。
用一个简单 for 循环来做:
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random.shuffle(all_endpoints) for url in all_endpoints: try : logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG) connection = pika.BlockingConnection(url) except Exception as ex: print str(ex) else : break |
用 shuffle 来改变列表中的 host 顺序,可以起到负载均衡的作用。