python中文乱码

需求：爬取豆瓣上top250电影信息

结构：title,type,summry,url,rate

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests

url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250'
wb_data = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(wb_data.text,'lxml')
urls = soup.select('#content > div > div.article > ol > li > div > div.info > div.hd > a')
titles = soup.select('#content > div > div.article > ol > li > div > div.info > div.hd > a > span:nth-of-type(1)')
rates = soup.select('#content > div > div.article > ol > li > div > div.info > div.bd > div > span.rating_num')


list = []
data = None
for title,url,rate in zip(titles,urls,rates):
        data = {
           'title'  :title.get_text(),
           'url'    :url.get('href'),
           'rate'   :rate.get_text(),
           'type' : None,
           'summry' : None
           }
        list.append(data)
for item in list:
    url = item['url']
    item_wb_data = requests.get(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(item_wb_data.text,'lxml')
    infos = soup.select('#info > span')
    summry =  soup.select('#link-report > span[property="v:summary"]')
    flag = 0
    movietype = []
    for info in infos:
        if info.get_text() =='类型:':
            flag = 1
            continue
        if info.get_text() =='制片国家/地区:':
            flag = 0
            break
        if flag == 1:
           movietype.append(info.get_text()); 
    item['type'] = str(movietype)
    if len(summry) > 0:
        item['summry'] = str(summry[0].get_text())
'''       
for each_item in list:
        print("title : " + each_item['title'])
        print("type : " + each_item['type'])
        print("summry : " + each_item['summry'])
        print("url : " + each_item['url'])
        print("rate : " + each_item['rate'])'''

with open('webData.txt','w') as outFile:
    for each_item in list:
        print("title : " + each_item['title'],file = outFile)
        print("type : " + each_item['type'],file = outFile)
        if each_item['summry'] == None:
            print("summry : " ,file = outFile)
        else:
            print("summry : " + str(each_item['summry'].encode('GBK', 'ignore')),file = outFile)

        print("url : " + each_item['url'],file = outFile) print("rate : " + each_item['rate'],file = outFile) 

 红色部分是修改过的，原来代码为

print("summry : " + each_item['summry'],file = outFile)

报错内容：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "testDemo.py", line 58, in <module>
print("summry : " + each_item['summry']),file = outFile)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'gbk' codec can't encode character 'ufc3a' in position 43: illegal multibyte sequence

查过很多资料，其中比较有效的方式，则是忽略gbk编码时不能识别的符号，则为红色标注部分代码，其参考资料来源为：

http://www.crifan.com/unicodeencodeerror_gbk_codec_can_not_encode_character_in_position_illegal_multibyte_sequence/

根据此方式虽然在python运行过程中不在报错，但是得到的内容，在文件中直接打开还是乱码。作如下修改：

with open('webData.txt','w') as outFile:
    for each_item in list:
        print("title : " + each_item['title'],file = outFile)
        print("type : " + each_item['type'],file = outFile)
        if each_item['summry'] == None:
            print("summry : " ,file = outFile)
        else:
            print("summry : " + each_item['summry'].encode('gbk','ignore').decode('gbk','ignore'),file = outFile)
        print("url : " + each_item['url'],file = outFile)
        print("rate : " + each_item['rate'],file = outFile)

搞定！

其他方式解决，参考：

http://jerrypeng.me/2014/02/python-2-unicode-print-pitfall/

代码如下：

sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout,encoding='utf8')

将 Python 使用系统默认的编码设置为utf-8，运行时仍然报错。

UnicodeEncodeError: 'gbk' codec can't encode character 'u2022' in position 190: illegal multibyte sequence

with open('webData.txt','w') as outFile:    for each_item in list:        print("title : " + each_item['title'],file = outFile)        print("type : " + each_item['type'],file = outFile)        if each_item['summry'] == None:            print("summry : " ,file = outFile)        else:            print("summry : " + each_item['summry'].encode('gbk','ignore').decode('gbk','ignore'),file = outFile)        print("url : " + each_item['url'],file = outFile)        print("rate : " + each_item['rate'],file = outFile)