• Netty使用LineBasedFrameDecoder解决TCP粘包/拆包


    TCP粘包/拆包

    TCP是个”流”协议,所谓流,就是没有界限的一串数据。TCP底层并不了解上层业务数据的具体含义,它会根据TCP缓冲区的实际情况进行包的划分,所以在业务上认为,一个完整的包可能会被TCP拆分成多个包进行发送,也有可能把多个小的包封装成一个大的数据包发送,这就是所谓的TCP粘包和拆包问题

    TCP粘包/拆包发生的原因

    1. 应用程序write写入的字节大小大于套接口发送缓冲区大小
    2. 进行MSS大小的TCP分段
    3. 以太网帧的payload大于MTU进行IP分片

    粘包问题的解决策略

    由于底层的TCP无法理解上层的业务数据,所以在底层是无法保证数据包不被拆分和重组的,这个问题只能通过上层的应用协议栈设计来解决,根据业界的主流协议的解决方案,可以归纳如下

    先来看一个粘包的例子

    新建maven工程,添加依赖包

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.netty/netty-all -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
            <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.0.Alpha1</version>
        </dependency>

    TimeServer

    package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE;
    
    import java.awt.Event;
    import java.net.Socket;
    
    import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
    import io.netty.channel.EventLoop;
    import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
    
    public class TimeServer {
    
        public void bind(int port) throws Exception{
            //配置服务端的NIO线程组
            //NioEventLoopGroup是个线程组,它包含了一组NIO线程,专门用于网络事件的处理,实际上它们就是Reactor线程组
            //bossGroup用于服务端接受客户端的连接
            EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            //workerGroup进行SocketChannel的网络读写
            EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            try {
                //Netty用于启动NIO服务端的辅助启动类,目的是降低服务端的开发复杂度
                ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
                //将两个NIO线程组当作入参传递到ServerBootstrap
                bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    //设置创建的Channel为NioServerSocketChannel,它的功能对应于JDK NIO类库中的ServerSocketChannel类。
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    //配置NioServerSocketChannel的TCP参数,此处将它的backlog设置为1024
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
                    //绑定I/O事件的处理类ChildChannelHandler,它的作用类似于Reactor模式中的Handler类,主要用于处理网络I/O事件,例如记录日志、对消息进行编解码等
                    .childHandler(new ChildChannelHandler());
                //调用bind方法绑定监听端口,随后,调用它的同步阻塞方法sync等待绑定操作完成。
                //完成之后Netty会返回一个ChannelFuture,它的功能类似于JDK的java.util.concurrent.Future,主要用于异步操作的通知回调
                ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
                //等待服务端监听端口关闭,等待服务端链路关闭之后main函数才退出
                future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
            } finally {
                //优雅退出,释放线程池资源
                bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
                workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            }
        }
        
        private class ChildChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeServerHandler());
            }
        }
        
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            int port = 9090;
            if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
                try {
                    port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            new TimeServer().bind(port);
        }
    }

    TimeServerHandler

    package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    
    import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
    import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    
    //TimeServerHandler 继承自ChannelHandlerAdapter,它用于对网络事件进行读写操作
    public class TimeServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{
        
        private int counter;
        
        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            //将msg转换成Netty的ByteBuf对象。ByteBuf类似于jdk中的java.nio.ByteBuffer对象,不过它提供了更加强大和灵活的功能
            ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
            //通过ByteBuf的readableBytes方法可以获取缓冲区可读的字节数,根据可读的字节数创建byte数组
            byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
            //通过ByteBuf的readBytes方法将缓冲区中的字节数据复制到新建的byte数组中
            buf.readBytes(req);
            //通过new String构造函数获取请求消息
            String body = new String(req, "UTF-8").substring(0, req.length
                    - System.getProperty("line.separator").length());
            System.out.println("The time server receive order : " + body
                    + "; the counter is : "+ ++counter);
            //对请求消息进行判断,如果是QUERY TIME ORDER则创建应答消息
            String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(body) ? 
                    new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString() : "BAD ORDER";
            currentTime = currentTime + System.getProperty("line.separator");
            ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
            //通过ChannelHandlerContext的write方法异步发送应答消息给客户端
            ctx.writeAndFlush(resp);
        }
        
        @Override
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
            //当发生异常时,关闭ChannelHandlerContext,释放和ChannelHandlerContext相关联的句柄等资源
            ctx.close();
        }
    }

    TimeClient

    package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE;
    
    import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
    import io.netty.channel.Channel;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
    import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
    
    public class TimeClient {
    
        public void connect(int port,String host) throws Exception{
            //配置客户端NIO线程组,客户端处理I/O读写的NioEventLoopGroup线程组
            EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            try {
                //客户端辅助启动类Bootstrap
                Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
                //设置线程组
                bootstrap.group(group)
                    //与服务端不同的是,它的channel需要设置为NioSocketChannel
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
                    //然后为其添加Handler,此处为了简单直接创建匿名内部类,实现initChannel方法
                    //作用是当创建NioSocketChannel成功之后,在进行初始化时,将它的ChannelHandler设置到ChannelPipeline中,用于处理网络I/O事件
                    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeClientHandler());
                        }
                    });
                //调用connect发起异步连接操作,然后调用sync同步方法等待连接成功。
                ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(host, port).sync();
                //等待客户端链路关闭,当客户端连接关闭之后,客户端主函数退出,退出之前释放NIO线程组的资源
                future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
            } finally {
                //优雅退出,释放NIO线程组
                group.shutdownGracefully();
            }
        }
        
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
            int port = 9090;
            String host = "127.0.0.1";
            if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
                try {
                    port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            new TimeClient().connect(port, host);
        }
        
    }

    TimeClientHandler

    package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE;
    
    import java.util.logging.Logger;
    
    import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
    import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    
    public class TimeClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{
        
        private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TimeClientHandler.class.getName());
        
        private int counter;
        
        private byte[] req;
        
        
        public TimeClientHandler(){
            req = ("QUERY TIME ORDER"+System.getProperty("line.separator")).getBytes();
            
        }
        
        //当客户端和服务端TCP链路建立成功之后,Netty的NIO线程会调用channelActive方法,发送查询时间的指令给服务端
        //调用ChannelHandlerContext的writeAndFlush方法将请求消息发送给客户端
        @Override
        public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            ByteBuf message = null;
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                message = Unpooled.buffer(req.length);
                message.writeBytes(req);
                ctx.writeAndFlush(message);
            }
        }
        
        //当客户端返回应答消息,channelRead方法被调用
        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
            byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
            buf.readBytes(req);
            String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("Now is :" + body + " ; the counter is : " + ++counter);
        }
        
        //发生异常时,释放客户端资源
        @Override
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
            logger.warning("Unexpected exception from downstream : " + cause.getMessage());
            ctx.close();
        }
        
    }

    此时启动server,再启动client,可看到以下结果

    server端

    client端

    可以发现,server只受到了两条消息,说明发生了粘包,但是我们期望的是收到100条消息,每条包含一条”QUERY TIME ORDER”指令,这说明发生了TCP粘包
    客户端应该收到100条当前系统时间,但实际上只收到了一条,因为服务端只收到了2条请求消息,所以实际服务端只发送了2条应答,由于请求消息不满足查询条件,所以返回了2条”BAD ORDER”应答消息。但是实际上客户端只收到了一条包含两条”BAD ORDER”指令的消息,说明服务端返回的应答消息也发生了粘包

    解决TCP粘包问题

    利用LineBasedFrameDecoder解决TCP粘包问题

    为了解决TCP粘包/拆包导致的半包读写问题,Netty默认提供了多种编解码器用于处理半包,只要能熟练掌握这些类库的使用,TCP粘包问题从此会变得非常容易

    来看代码

    TimeServer

    package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE_SOLVE;
    
    import java.awt.Event;
    import java.net.Socket;
    
    import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
    import io.netty.channel.EventLoop;
    import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.LineBasedFrameDecoder;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
    
    public class TimeServer {
    
        public void bind(int port) throws Exception{
            //配置服务端的NIO线程组
            //NioEventLoopGroup是个线程组,它包含了一组NIO线程,专门用于网络事件的处理,实际上它们就是Reactor线程组
            //bossGroup用于服务端接受客户端的连接
            EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            //workerGroup进行SocketChannel的网络读写
            EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            try {
                //Netty用于启动NIO服务端的辅助启动类,目的是降低服务端的开发复杂度
                ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
                //将两个NIO线程组当作入参传递到ServerBootstrap
                bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    //设置创建的Channel为NioServerSocketChannel,它的功能对应于JDK NIO类库中的ServerSocketChannel类。
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    //配置NioServerSocketChannel的TCP参数,此处将它的backlog设置为1024
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
                    //绑定I/O事件的处理类ChildChannelHandler,它的作用类似于Reactor模式中的Handler类,主要用于处理网络I/O事件,例如记录日志、对消息进行编解码等
                    .childHandler(new ChildChannelHandler());
                //调用bind方法绑定监听端口,随后,调用它的同步阻塞方法sync等待绑定操作完成。
                //完成之后Netty会返回一个ChannelFuture,它的功能类似于JDK的java.util.concurrent.Future,主要用于异步操作的通知回调
                ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
                //等待服务端监听端口关闭,等待服务端链路关闭之后main函数才退出
                future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
            } finally {
                //优雅退出,释放线程池资源
                bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
                workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            }
        }
        
        private class ChildChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                //在原来的TimeServerHandler之前新增了两个解码器LineBasedFrameDecoder、StringDecoder
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024));
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeServerHandler());
            }
        }
        
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            int port = 9090;
            if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
                try {
                    port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            new TimeServer().bind(port);
        }
    }

    TimeServerHandler

    package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE_SOLVE;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    
    import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
    import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    
    //TimeServerHandler 继承自ChannelHandlerAdapter,它用于对网络事件进行读写操作
    public class TimeServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{
        
        private int counter;
        
        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            String body = (String)msg;
            System.out.println("The time server receive order : " + body
                    + "; the counter is : "+ ++counter);
            //对请求消息进行判断,如果是QUERY TIME ORDER则创建应答消息
            String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(body) ? 
                    new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString() : "BAD ORDER";
            currentTime = currentTime + System.getProperty("line.separator");
            ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
            //通过ChannelHandlerContext的write方法异步发送应答消息给客户端
            ctx.writeAndFlush(resp);
        }
        
        @Override
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
            //当发生异常时,关闭ChannelHandlerContext,释放和ChannelHandlerContext相关联的句柄等资源
            ctx.close();
        }
    }

    TimeClient

    package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE_SOLVE;
    
    import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
    import io.netty.channel.Channel;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
    import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.LineBasedFrameDecoder;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
    
    public class TimeClient {
    
        public void connect(int port,String host) throws Exception{
            //配置客户端NIO线程组,客户端处理I/O读写的NioEventLoopGroup线程组
            EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            try {
                //客户端辅助启动类Bootstrap
                Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
                //设置线程组
                bootstrap.group(group)
                    //与服务端不同的是,它的channel需要设置为NioSocketChannel
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
                    //然后为其添加Handler,此处为了简单直接创建匿名内部类,实现initChannel方法
                    //作用是当创建NioSocketChannel成功之后,在进行初始化时,将它的ChannelHandler设置到ChannelPipeline中,用于处理网络I/O事件
                    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
                            //在原来的TimeClientHandler之前新增了两个解码器LineBasedFrameDecoder、StringDecoder
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024));
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeClientHandler());
                        }
                    });
                //调用connect发起异步连接操作,然后调用sync同步方法等待连接成功。
                ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(host, port).sync();
                //等待客户端链路关闭,当客户端连接关闭之后,客户端主函数退出,退出之前释放NIO线程组的资源
                future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
            } finally {
                //优雅退出,释放NIO线程组
                group.shutdownGracefully();
            }
        }
        
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
            int port = 9090;
            String host = "127.0.0.1";
            if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
                try {
                    port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            new TimeClient().connect(port, host);
        }
        
    }

    TimeClientHandler

    package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE_SOLVE;
    
    import java.util.logging.Logger;
    
    import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
    import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    
    public class TimeClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{
        
        private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TimeClientHandler.class.getName());
        
        private int counter;
        
        private byte[] req;
        
        
        public TimeClientHandler(){
            req = ("QUERY TIME ORDER"+System.getProperty("line.separator")).getBytes();
            
        }
        
        //当客户端和服务端TCP链路建立成功之后,Netty的NIO线程会调用channelActive方法,发送查询时间的指令给服务端
        //调用ChannelHandlerContext的writeAndFlush方法将请求消息发送给客户端
        @Override
        public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            ByteBuf message = null;
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                message = Unpooled.buffer(req.length);
                message.writeBytes(req);
                ctx.writeAndFlush(message);
            }
        }
        
        //当客户端返回应答消息,channelRead方法被调用
        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            //拿到的msg已经是解码成字符串之后的应答消息了。
            String body = (String)msg;
            System.out.println("Now is :" + body + " ; the counter is : " + ++counter);
        }
        
        //发生异常时,释放客户端资源
        @Override
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
            logger.warning("Unexpected exception from downstream : " + cause.getMessage());
            ctx.close();
        }
        
    }

    此时再次运行,查看结果

    Server端

    client端

    此时TCP粘包问题已经解决

    LineBasedFrameDecoder和StringDecoder的原理分析
    LineBasedFrameDecoder的工作原理是依次便利ByteBuf中的刻度子节,判断看是否有” ” 或者“ ”,如果有,就以此为止为结束位置,从可读索引到结束位置区间的字节久组成了一行。它是以换行符为结束标志的解码器,支持携带结束符或者不携带结束符两种编码方式,同时支持配置单行的最大长度后仍然没有发现换行符,就会抛出异常,同时忽略掉之前读到的异常码流。
    StringDecoder的功能非常简单,就是将接收到的对象转换成字符串,然后继续调用后面的handler。LineBasedFrameDecoder+StringDecoder组合就是按行切换的文本解码器,它被设计用来支持TCP的粘包和拆包.

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/EnzoDin/p/7922003.html
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