• MySQL终端(Terminal)命令基本操作(转)


    注意:MySQL数据库命令不区分大小写。但在MAC的终端,如果你想使用tab自动补全命令,那么你就必须使用大写,这样MAC的终端才会帮你补全命令,否则你按N遍tab都不会有响应。

    1、数据库(database)管理

    1.1、create创建数据库

    create database firstDB;

    1.2、show查看所有数据库

    mysql> show databases;
    
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | firstDB            |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    +--------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    1.3、alter修改数据库

    alter命令修改数据库编码:

    默认创建的数据库默认不支持中文字符,如果我们需要它支持中文字符,则将它的编码设置为utf8格式:

    mysql> ALTER DATABASE testDB CHARACTER SET UTF8;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

    1.4、use使用数据库

    mysql> use firstDB;
    Database changed

    1.5、查看当前使用的数据库

    mysql> select database();
    +------------+
    | database() |
    +------------+
    | firstdb    |
    +------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    1.6、drop删除数据库

    mysql> drop database firstDB;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    2、数据表(table)管理

    我们首先创建一个数据库,提供我们往后的使用:

    mysql> create database testDB;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

    创建后记得用use命令进入(使用)数据库,不然后面的操作都会不成功的。

    2.1、create创建表

    mysql> create table PEOPLE (
        -> ID int AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
        -> NAME varchar(20) not null,
        -> AGE int not null,
        -> BIRTHDAY datetime);                                                     
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

    2.2、show显示表

    显示当前数据库所有的数据表

    mysql> show tables;
    +------------------+
    | Tables_in_testdb |
    +------------------+
    | PEOPLE           |
    +------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    2.3、desc查看表结构

    mysql> desc PEOPLE
        -> ;
    +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
    +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | ID       | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
    | NAME     | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    | AGE      | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    | BIRTHDAY | datetime    | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
    +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

    2.4、alter修改表结构(增、删、改)

    默认创建的表不支持中文字符,所以需将表编码设置为utf8:

    mysql> ALTER TABLE KEYCHAIN CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET UTF8;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
    Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

    2.4.1、insert在表中添加列(字段)

    mysql> alter table PEOPLE add star BOOL;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
    Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

    提示:在MySQL里,布尔类型会自动转换为tinyint(1)类型。

    我们不妨使用desc去查看一下PEOPLE表结构:

    mysql> desc PEOPLE;
    +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
    +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | ID       | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
    | NAME     | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    | AGE      | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    | BIRTHDAY | datetime    | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
    | star     | tinyint(1)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
    +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    2.4.2、alter修改表(列)字段

    mysql> alter table PEOPLE MODIFY star int;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

    也可以指定int(n)的长度,比如int(2)。

    我们再次使用desc查看PEOPLE表结构:

    mysql> desc PEOPLE;
    +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
    +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | ID       | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
    | NAME     | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    | AGE      | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    | BIRTHDAY | datetime    | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
    | star     | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
    +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    2.4.3、delete删除表(列)字段

    mysql> alter table PEOPLE DROP column star;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
    Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

    删除后,再次查看PEOPLE表结构:

    mysql> desc PEOPLE;
    +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
    +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | ID       | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
    | NAME     | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    | AGE      | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    | BIRTHDAY | datetime    | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
    +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    删除字段成功,现在我们已经不能看到star的字段了。

    2.4.4、rename重命名表名

    mysql> RENAME TABLE PEOPLE TO NEW_PEOPLE;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    2.4.5、null or not null

    修改表字段允许为空或不允许为空:

    mysql> ALTER TABLE PEOPLE MODIFY AGE INT(3) NULL;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

    把PEOPLE表的AGE字段设置成“允许为空”,即插入记录时这个字段可以不录入。否则相反。

    它的格式为:ALTER TABLE <TALBE_NAME> MODIFY <CLOUMN>  <NULL 'OR'  NOT NULL>

    2.5、create利用已有数据创建新表

    mysql> create table newTable select * from PEOPLE;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

    我们查看一下目前数据库存在的表:

    mysql> show tables;
    +------------------+
    | Tables_in_testdb |
    +------------------+
    | PEOPLE           |
    | newTable         |
    +------------------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    3、数据的操作及管理

    数据表的基本操作,包含增、删、改、查数据。

    以下命令均在PEOPLE表上操作。

    3.1、增加数据(增)

    PEOPLE表目前是没有数据的,它是空的数据表,我们现在先添加一些数据。

    insert into命令添加数据:

    mysql> insert into PEOPLE VALUES (null, 'Anny', 22, '1992-05-22');
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

    使用select命令查看表(会在后面介绍),现在我们查看PEOPLE数据表的数据:

    mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
    +----+------+-----+---------------------+
    | ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY            |
    +----+------+-----+---------------------+
    |  1 | Anny |  22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |
    +----+------+-----+---------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    数据表现在有一条数据。

    我们多添加几条数据,如:

    mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    | ID | NAME   | AGE | BIRTHDAY            |
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    |  1 | Anny   |  22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  2 | Garvey |  23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  3 | Lisa   |  25 | 1989-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  4 | Nick   |  24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  5 | Rick   |  24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    3.2、删除数据(删)

    delete命令删除数据:

    mysql> delete from PEOPLE where name = 'Lisa';
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

    再次查询PEOPLE表:

    mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    | ID | NAME   | AGE | BIRTHDAY            |
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    |  1 | Anny   |  22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  2 | Garvey |  23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  4 | Nick   |  24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  5 | Rick   |  24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    已经看不到名为“Lisa”的数据了。

    3.3、修改数据(改)

    update命令修改数据:

    mysql> update PEOPLE set name='Calvin' where name = 'Garvey';
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

    查询PEOPLE表内容:

    mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    | ID | NAME   | AGE | BIRTHDAY            |
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    |  1 | Anny   |  22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  2 | Calvin |  23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  4 | Nick   |  24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  5 | Rick   |  24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    名为“Garvey”的记录已经修改为“Calvin”。

    3.4 查询数据(查)

    select命令查询数据,最简单的就是查询表的所有数据,也就是我们最初使用到的那条命令:

    mysql> select * from PEOPLE;
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    | ID | NAME   | AGE | BIRTHDAY            |
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    |  1 | Anny   |  22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  2 | Calvin |  23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  4 | Nick   |  24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  5 | Rick   |  24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    格式:select * from <表名>,*代表所有字段。 

    查询数据时也可指定显示的(列)字段:

    mysql> select NAME, AGE, BIRTHDAY from PEOPLE;
    +--------+-----+---------------------+
    | NAME   | AGE | BIRTHDAY            |
    +--------+-----+---------------------+
    | Anny   |  22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |
    | Calvin |  23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
    | Nick   |  24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 |
    | Rick   |  24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
    +--------+-----+---------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    格式:select <字段名,字段名,...> from <表名>。

    select查询命令还有很多的高级用法,比如用来查找不重复(distinct)的数据,使数据按条件排序(order by),按查询条件显示数据(where)等等。这些都会在下一篇文章作重点介绍,请大家继续留意我的博客,谢谢。

    4、管理视图

    创建视图

    视图是从数据库里导出一个或多个表的虚拟表,是用来方便用户对数据的操作。

    mysql> CREATE VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW (
        -> NAME, AGE)
        -> AS SELECT NAME, AGE FROM PEOPLE;

    创建成功后查看视图。

    PEOPLE          PEOPLE.AGE      PEOPLE.BIRTHDAY PEOPLE.ID       PEOPLE.NAME    
    mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW
        -> ;
    +--------+-----+
    | NAME   | AGE |
    +--------+-----+
    | Anny   |  22 |
    | Calvin |  23 |
    | Nick   |  24 |
    | Rick   |  24 |
    +--------+-----+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    我们也可以使用DESC命令查看视图的结构。

    mysql> DESC PEOPLE_VIEW;
    +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
    +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | ID    | int(11) | NO   |     | 0       |       |
    +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)

    替换视图

    创建或替换原有视图。

    mysql> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW(PEOPLE_ID,PEOPLE_NAME,PEOPLE_AGE) AS SELECT ID,NAME,AGE FROM PEOPLE;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    创建或替换后查看视图。

    mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW;
    +-----------+-------------+------------+
    | PEOPLE_ID | PEOPLE_NAME | PEOPLE_AGE |
    +-----------+-------------+------------+
    |         1 | Anny        |         22 |
    |         2 | Calvin      |         23 |
    |         4 | Nick        |         24 |
    |         5 | Rick        |         24 |
    +-----------+-------------+------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    操作视图

    当视图数据有变化时(增、删、改),真实的表数据也会随着改变。也就是说,对视图的操作就是对表的数据,所以我们可以把视图当作表。

    例:往视图插入一条数据。

    mysql> INSERT INTO PEOPLE_VIEW VALUES(NULL, 'Kerry', '33');
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

    插入数据成功后查看视图。

    mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW ;
    +-----------+-------------+------------+
    | PEOPLE_ID | PEOPLE_NAME | PEOPLE_AGE |
    +-----------+-------------+------------+
    |         1 | Anny        |         22 |
    |         2 | Calvin      |         23 |
    |         4 | Nick        |         24 |
    |         5 | Rick        |         24 |
    |         6 | Kerry       |         33 |
    +-----------+-------------+------------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    可以在视图上看到我们刚刚插入的数据,现在我们就来验证一下真实的表是否也会作出变化。

    mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE;
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    | ID | NAME   | AGE | BIRTHDAY            |
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    |  1 | Anny   |  22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  2 | Calvin |  23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  4 | Nick   |  24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  5 | Rick   |  24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
    |  6 | Kerry  |  33 | NULL                |
    +----+--------+-----+---------------------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    可见,真实的表数据也已经有所改变,刚刚往视图里插入的那一条数据存在于真实表中,真理便是:对视图的操作就是对表的数据。

    删除视图

    mysql> DROP VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    参考:

    http://www.cnblogs.com/GarveyCalvin/p/4297282.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/EasonJim/p/7513026.html
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