当容器调用一个无参的构造函数或一个无参的静态factory方法来初始化你的bean后,通过容器在你的bean上调用Setter函数,基于Setter函数的DI就完成了。
例子:
pom.xml:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.jsoft.testspring</groupId> <artifactId>testbeansetter</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>testbeansetter</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Spring Core --> <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring Context --> <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
SpellChecker.java:
package com.jsoft.testspring.testbeansetter; public class SpellChecker { public SpellChecker(){ System.out.println("SpellChecker无参数构造函数初始化"); } public void checkSpelling(){ System.out.println("SpellChecker检查方法"); } }
TextEditor.java:
package com.jsoft.testspring.testbeansetter; public class TextEditor { private SpellChecker spellChecker; public void setSpellChecker(SpellChecker spellChecker){ System.out.println("TextEditor通过setter初始化"); this.spellChecker = spellChecker; } public void spellCheck() { this.spellChecker.checkSpelling(); } }
beans.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="spellChecker" class="com.jsoft.testspring.testbeansetter.SpellChecker"></bean> <bean id="textEditor" class="com.jsoft.testspring.testbeansetter.TextEditor"> <property name="SpellChecker" ref="spellChecker"></property> </bean> </beans>
唯一的区别就是在基于构造函数注入中,我们使用的是<constructor-arg>标签,而在基于Setter函数的注入中,我们使用的是<property>标签。
第二个你需要注意的点是,如果你要把一个引用传递给一个对象,那么你需要使用ref属性,而如果你要直接传递一个值,那么你应该使用value属性。
App.java:
package com.jsoft.testspring.testbeansetter; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; /** * Hello world! * */ public class App { public static void main( String[] args ) { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); TextEditor textEditor = (TextEditor)applicationContext.getBean("textEditor"); textEditor.spellCheck(); } }
运行结果:
下面将介绍使用p-namespace实现XML配置:
如果你有许多的Setter函数方法,那么在XML配置文件中使用p-namespace是非常方便的。区别如下:
以下为使用<property>标签的配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <bean id="john-classic" class="com.example.Person"> <property name="name" value="John Doe"/> <property name="spouse" ref="jane"/> </bean> <bean name="jane" class="com.example.Person"> <property name="name" value="John Doe"/> </bean> </beans>
改用p-namespace之后:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <bean id="john-classic" class="com.example.Person" p:name="John Doe" p:spouse-ref="jane"> </bean> <bean name="jane" class="com.example.Person" p:name="John Doe"> </bean> </beans>
看起来非常的整洁,在这里,您应该注意到使用p-namespace指定原始值和对象引用的区别。-ref部分表示这不是一个直接的值,而是引用另一个bean。
测试工程:https://github.com/easonjim/5_java_example/tree/master/springtest/test8/testbeansetter