hello2
应用程序是一个Web模块,它使用Java Servlet技术来显示问候语和响应,源代码位置在_tut-install_/examples/web/servlet/hello2/
虽然该hello2
应用程序的表现几乎相同的hello1
应用程序,但它使用Java Servlet技术,而不是JavaServer Faces技术实现的
cd到该目录,命令行打包(可参见上一篇博客步骤)
打开eclipse,点击GreetingServlet.java Run as Run on server
1.选择hello2文件夹并单击“打开项目”
2.点击pom.xml打开网页如图所示:
可见,跟hello1 不一样的是hello2是servlet的。
3.
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">//此标签可告知浏览器文档使用哪种HTML规范;DTD一套文本类型的定义;标准原文的链接
<html lang="en"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:h="http://xmlns.jcp.org/jsf/html">//语言使用英文;xml采用名字空间声明,允许你通过一个网址来识别你的标记;jcp是java社区的执行委员会
<h:head>
<title>Facelets Hello Greeting</title>
</h:head>
<h:body>
<h:form>
<h:graphicImage url="#{resource['images:duke.waving.gif']}"
alt="Duke waving his hand"/>//作为资源形式出现的;alt加载不出来就进行替换
<h2>Hello, my name is Duke. What's yours?</h2>
<h:inputText id="username"
title="My name is: "
value="#{hello.name}"
required="true"
requiredMessage="Error: A name is required."
<p></p>
<h:commandButton id="submit" value="Submit" action="response">
</h:commandButton>
<h:commandButton id="reset" value="Reset" type="reset">
</h:commandButton>//Submit commandButton元素将操作指定为response,表示单击按钮时,将response.xhtml显示该页面
</h:form>
...
</h:body>
</html>
展开“源包”节点,然后展开javaeetutorial.hello2节点。双击该Hello.java文件以查看它。如图所示
点开两个后可参看代码:
greetingservelet.java
/** * Copyright (c) 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. * * You may not modify, use, reproduce, or distribute this software except in * compliance with the terms of the License at: * https://github.com/javaee/tutorial-examples/LICENSE.txt */ package javaeetutorial.hello2; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * This is a simple example of an HTTP Servlet. It responds to the GET method of * the HTTP protocol. */ @WebServlet("/greeting") public class GreetingServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("text/html"); response.setBufferSize(8192); try (PrintWriter out = response.getWriter()) { out.println("<html lang="en">" + "<head><title>Servlet Hello</title></head>"); // then write the data of the response out.println("<body bgcolor="#ffffff">" + "<img src="resources/images/duke.waving.gif" " + "alt="Duke waving his hand">" + "<form method="get">" + "<h2>Hello, my name is Duke. What's yours?</h2>" + "<input title="My name is: " type="text" " + "name="username" size="25"/>" + "<p></p>" + "<input type="submit" value="Submit"/>" + "<input type="reset" value="Reset"/>" + "</form>"); String username = request.getParameter("username"); if (username != null && username.length() > 0) { RequestDispatcher dispatcher = getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/response"); if (dispatcher != null) { dispatcher.include(request, response); } } out.println("</body></html>"); } } @Override public String getServletInfo() { return "The Hello servlet says hello."; } }
这个servlet覆盖了doGet方法,实现了HTTP的GET方法。servlet显示一个简单的HTML问候表单,它的Submit按钮,就像hello1那样,为其操作指定一个响应页面。下面的摘录从@WebServlet注释开始,它指定了相对于上下文根的URL模式:
responseservlet.java
/** * Copyright (c) 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. * * You may not modify, use, reproduce, or distribute this software except in * compliance with the terms of the License at: * https://github.com/javaee/tutorial-examples/LICENSE.txt */ package javaeetutorial.hello2; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * This is a simple example of an HTTP Servlet. It responds to the GET method of * the HTTP protocol. */ @WebServlet("/greeting") public class GreetingServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("text/html"); response.setBufferSize(8192); try (PrintWriter out = response.getWriter()) { out.println("<html lang="en">" + "<head><title>Servlet Hello</title></head>"); // then write the data of the response out.println("<body bgcolor="#ffffff">" + "<img src="resources/images/duke.waving.gif" " + "alt="Duke waving his hand">" + "<form method="get">" + "<h2>Hello, my name is Duke. What's yours?</h2>" + "<input title="My name is: " type="text" " + "name="username" size="25"/>" + "<p></p>" + "<input type="submit" value="Submit"/>" + "<input type="reset" value="Reset"/>" + "</form>"); String username = request.getParameter("username"); if (username != null && username.length() > 0) { RequestDispatcher dispatcher = getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/response"); if (dispatcher != null) { dispatcher.include(request, response); } } out.println("</body></html>"); } } @Override public String getServletInfo() { return "The Hello servlet says hello."; } }
要理解上面代码我们必须先要理解以下概念
(1)getParameter
String javax.servlet.ServletRequest.getParameter(String name) |
以String形式返回请求参数的值,如果参数不存在,则返回null。请求参数是随请求一起发送的额外信息。对于HTTP servlet,参数包含在查询字符串或发布的表单数据中。只有在确定参数只有一个值时才应使用此方法
(2)RequestDispatcher
javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher |
定义一个对象,该对象接收来自客户端的请求,并将它们发送到服务器上的任何资源(例如servlet,HTML文件或JSP文件)。 servlet容器创建RequestDispatcher对象,该对象用作位于特定路径或由特定名称给出的服务器资源的包装器。此接口旨在包装servlet,但servlet容器可以创建RequestDispatcher对象来包装任何类型的资源。
(3)getServletContext()
ServletContext javax.servlet.GenericServlet.getServletContext() |
提供该方法是为了方便起见。它从servlet的ServletConfig对象获取上下文。
返回:ServletContext由init方法传递给此servlet的ServletContext对象
(4)getRequestDispatcher()
RequestDispatcher javax.servlet.ServletContext.getRequestDispatcher(String path) |
返回一个RequestDispatcher对象,该对象充当位于给定路径的资源的包装器。 RequestDispatcher对象可用于将请求转发到资源或将资源包含在响应中。资源可以是动态的也可以是静态的。路径名必须以 / 开头,并且被解释为相对于当前上下文根。使用getContext为外部上下文中的资源获取RequestDispatcher。如果ServletContext无法返回RequestDispatcher,则此方法返回null。
(5) include(request, response)
void javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher.include(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException |
包含响应中的资源(servlet,JSP页面,HTML文件)的内容。从本质上讲,这种方法可以实现程序化服务器端包含。 ServletResponse对象的路径元素和参数与调用者保持不变。包含的servlet无法更改响应状态代码或设置标头;任何改变的尝试都会被忽略。请求和响应参数必须是传递给调用servlet的服务方法的相同对象,或者是包装它们的ServletRequestWrapper或ServletResponseWrapper类的子类。此方法将给定请求的调度程序类型设置为DispatcherType.INCLUDE。
参数:
Parameters:
-
request a ServletRequest object that contains the client's request
-
response a ServletResponse object that contains the servlet's response
运行后结果: