• pymysql模块操作数据库


    pymysql模块操作数据库

    安装

    >: pip3 install pymysql
    

    增删改查

    # 选取操作的模块 pymysql
    
    # pymysql连接数据库的必要参数:主机、端口、用户名、密码、数据库
    # 注:pymysql不能提供创建数据库的服务,数据库要提前创建
    import pymysql
    
    # 1)建立数据库连接对象 conn
    # 2)通过 conn 创建操作sql的 游标对象
    # 3)编写sql交给 cursor 执行
    # 4)如果是查询,通过 cursor对象 获取结果
    # 5)操作完毕,端口操作与连接
    
    
    # 1)建立数据库连接对象 conn
    conn = pymysql.connect(user='root', passwd='root', database='oldboy')
    # conn = pymysql.connect(user='root', passwd='root', database='oldboy', autocommit=True)
    
    # 2)通过 conn 创建操作sql的 游标对象
    # 注:游标不设置参数,查询的结果就是数据元组,数据没有标识性
    # 设置pymysql.cursors.DictCursor,查询的结果是字典,key是表的字段
    cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
    
    # 3)编写sql交给 cursor 执行
    
    创建表
    # 创建表
    sql1 = 'create table t1(id int, x int, y int)'
    cursor.execute(sql1)
    
    sql2 = 'insert into t1 values(%s, %s, %s)'
    
    # 增1
    cursor.execute(sql2, (1, 10, 100))
    cursor.execute(sql2, (2, 20, 200))
    # 重点:在创建conn对象时,不设置autocommit,默认开启事务,增删改操作不会直接映射到数据库中,
    # 需要执行 conn.commit() 动作
    conn.commit()
    
    # 增多
    cursor.executemany(sql2, [(3, 30, 300), (4, 40, 400)])
    conn.commit()
    
    sql3 = 'delete from t1 where id=%s'
    cursor.execute(sql3, 4)
    conn.commit()
    
    sql4 = 'update t1 set y=666 where id=2'
    cursor.execute(sql4)
    conn.commit()
    
    sql5 = 'select * from t1'
    row = cursor.execute(sql5)  # 返回值是受影响的行
    print(row)
    
    # 4)如果是查询,通过 cursor对象 获取结果
    # fetchone() 偏移一条取出,fetchmany(n) 偏移n条取出,fetchall() 偏移剩余全部
    r1 = cursor.fetchone()
    print(r1)
    r2 = cursor.fetchone()
    print(r2)
    r3 = cursor.fetchmany(1)
    print(r3)
    r4 = cursor.fetchall()
    print(r4)
    
    # 5)操作完毕,端口操作与连接
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()
    

    游标操作

    游标主要用于操作数据库。

    import pymysql
    from pymysql.cursors import DictCursor
    
    # 1)建立数据库连接对象 conn
    conn = pymysql.connect(user='root', passwd='root', db='oldboy')
    # 2)通过 conn 创建操作sql的 游标对象
    cursor = conn.cursor(DictCursor)
    # 3)编写sql交给 cursor 执行
    sql = 'select * from t1'
    # 4)如果是查询,通过 cursor对象 获取结果
    row = cursor.execute(sql)
    if row:
        r1 = cursor.fetchmany(2)
        print(r1)
    
        # 操作游标
        # cursor.scroll(0, 'absolute')  # absolute绝对偏移,游标重置,从头开始偏移
        cursor.scroll(-2, 'relative')  # relative相对偏移,游标在当前位置进行左右偏移
    
        r2 = cursor.fetchone()
        print(r2)
    
    # 5)操作完毕,端口操作与连接
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()
    

    pymysql事务

    在pymysql中,DML操作都会自动生成事务,只有提交(commit)后才会真正生效,否则就回滚(rollback)。

    import pymysql
    from pymysql.cursors import DictCursor
    conn = pymysql.connect(user='root', passwd='root', db='oldboy')
    cursor = conn.cursor(DictCursor)
    
    try:
        sql = 'create table t2(id int, name char(4), money int)'
        row = cursor.execute(sql)
        print(row)
    except:
        print('表已创建')
        pass
    
    # 空表才插入
    row = cursor.execute('select * from t2')
    if not row:
        sql = 'insert into t2 values(%s,%s,%s)'
        row = cursor.executemany(sql, [(1, 'tom', 10), (2, 'Bob', 10)])
        conn.commit()
    
    
    # 可能会出现异常的sql
    """
    try:
        sql1 = 'update t2 set money=money-1 where name="tom"'
        cursor.execute(sql1)
        sql2 = 'update t2 set moneys=money+1 where name="Bob"'
        cursor.execute(sql2)
    except:
        print('转账执行异常')
        conn.rollback()
    else:
        print('转账成功')
        conn.commit()
    """
    
    try:
        sql1 = 'update t2 set money=money-1 where name="tom"'
        r1 = cursor.execute(sql1)
        sql2 = 'update t2 set money=money+1 where name="ruakei"'  # 转入的人不存在
        r2 = cursor.execute(sql2)
    except:
        print('转账执行异常')
        conn.rollback()
    else:
        print('转账没有异常')
        if r1 == 1 and r2 == 1:
            print('转账成功')
            conn.commit()
        else:
            conn.rollback()
    

    sql注入

    import pymysql
    from pymysql.cursors import DictCursor
    conn = pymysql.connect(user='root', passwd='root', db='oldboy')
    cursor = conn.cursor(DictCursor)
    
    try:
        sql = 'create table user(id int, name char(4), password char(6))'
        row = cursor.execute(sql)
        print(row)
    except:
        print('表已创建')
        pass
    
    # 空表才插入
    row = cursor.execute('select * from user')
    if not row:
        sql = 'insert into user values(%s,%s,%s)'
        row = cursor.executemany(sql, [(1, 'tom', '123'), (2, 'bob', 'abc')])
        conn.commit()
    
    
    
    # 用户登录
    usr = input('usr: ')
    pwd = input('pwd: ')
    
    # 自己拼接参数一定有sql注入,将数据的占位填充交给pymysql
    
    """
    sql = 'select * from user where name="%s" and password="%s"' % (usr, pwd)
    row = cursor.execute(sql)
    if row:
        print('登录成功')
    else:
        print('登录失败')
    """
    sql = 'select * from user where name=%s and password=%s'
    row = cursor.execute(sql, (usr, pwd))
    if row:
        print('登录成功')
    else:
        print('登录失败')
    
    
    # 知道用户名时
    # 输入用户时:
    #   tom => select * from user where name="tom" and password="%s"
    #   tom" # => select * from user where name="tom" #" and password="%s"
    
    # 不自定义用户名时
    #   " or 1=1 # => select * from user where name="" or 1=1 #" and password="%s"
    
    # pymysql内部帮我们做了防sql注入,我们只要传递数据就好了。
    

    索引

    # 索引就是 键 - key
    
    """
    1)键 是添加给数据库表的 字段 的
    2)给表创建 键 后,该表不仅会形参 表结构、表数据,还有 键的B+结构图
    3)键的结构图是需要维护的,在数据完成增、删、改操作时,只要影响到有键的字段,结构图都要维护一次
        所以创建键后一定会降低 增、删、改 的效率
    4)键可以极大的加快查询速度(开发需求中,几乎业务都和查有关系)
    5)建立键的方式:主键、外键、唯一键、index
    """
    
    import pymysql
    from pymysql.cursors import DictCursor
    conn = pymysql.connect(user='root', passwd='root', db='oldboy')
    cursor = conn.cursor(DictCursor)
    
    # 创建两张表
    # sql1 = """create table a1(
    #     id int primary key auto_increment,
    #     x int,
    #     y int
    # )"""
    # cursor.execute(sql1)
    # sql2 = """create table a2(
    #     id int primary key auto_increment,
    #     x int,
    #     y int,
    #     index(x)
    # )"""
    # cursor.execute(sql2)
    
    # 每个表插入5000条数据
    # import random
    # for i in range(1, 5001):
    #     x = i
    #     y = random.randint(1, 5000)
    #     cursor.execute('insert into a1(x, y) values(%s, %s)', (x, y))
    #     cursor.execute('insert into a2(x, y) values(%s, %s)', (x, y))
    #
    # conn.commit()
    
    import time
    # a1的x、a1的id、a2的x
    b_time = time.time()
    sql = 'select * from a1 where id=4975'
    cursor.execute(sql)
    e_time = time.time()
    print(e_time - b_time)
    
    b_time = time.time()
    sql = 'select * from a1 where x=4975'
    cursor.execute(sql)
    e_time = time.time()
    print(e_time - b_time)
    
    b_time = time.time()
    sql = 'select * from a2 where x=4975'
    cursor.execute(sql)
    e_time = time.time()
    print(e_time - b_time)
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Du704/p/11621464.html
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