我们先来了解下分号和冒号的作用:分号的主要作用是来连接两个在语法上平等的成分;冒号的主要作用是引起读者对冒号后面内容的注意力。下面总结下规则:
用分号的情况:
1、用分号连接两个独立的句子
两个独立的句子不能够用逗号隔开,如果用逗号,必须逗号后面要加并列连词(and, but, or, nor, yet, so, for),这7个连词有两个作用,一个是语法上连接两个“平等”的句子(和主从句作比较),另外一个是从语义上交代前后两个句子之间的关系。如果(重点来了!),前后两句话的关系不需要通过这7个并列连词就可以很明显看出来,那么两句话就可以用分号连接了!比如说:
In film, a low-angle shot makes the subject look powerful; a high-angle shot does just the opposite.
如果两个独立的句子之间的关系比较复杂,上面说的7个连词已经不能满足了,这个时候,要用分号链接两个句子,并在分号后面加上一些并列副词或者词组,往往这些词后面马上会有逗号,和第二个句子分开,比如说:
Many corals grow very gradually; in fact, the creation of a coral reef can take centuries. 注意分号和逗号的位置,这里的 “in fact” 就是并列词组,常用的并列副词总结一下有如下(大家看下however也在里面,以后用however连接两个单独的句子的时候,要用分号或者句号,而不是逗号)。
2、如果在列举ABC三个东西的时候,ABC内部有逗号,那么ABC之间要用分号隔开
Classic science fiction sagas include Star Trek, with Captain Kirk, Dr. McCoy, and Mr. Spock; Battlestar Galactica, with its Cylons; and Star Wars, with Han Solo, Luke Skywalker, and Darth Vader. 注意这边分号的位置和作用!
常见的分号错误使用整理:
→ Although children’s literature was added to the National Book Awards in 1969; it has had its own award, the Newbery Medal, since 1922.(这里的分号要改成逗号,因为 Although 引导的是一个从句,不能够单独成为一个句子)
→ The scientists were fascinated by the species Argyroneta aquatica; a spider that lives underwater.(这里的分号改成逗号,后面是一个同位语的成分,而不是一个独立的句子)
→ Some of my favorite celebrities have their own blogs; Lindsay Lohan, Rosie O’Donnell, and Zach Braff.(这里的分号要改成冒号,用来引出一些列的东西)
→ Five of the applicants had worked with spreadsheets; but only one was familiar with database management.(这里的分号要改成逗号,因为右面有上面说到过的7个并列连词)
用冒号的情况:
→ 用来引出一系列的东西
The daily routine should include at least the following: twenty knee bends, fifty sit-ups, fifteen leg lifts, and five minutes of running in place.
→ 用来引出同位语
My roommate is guilty of two of the seven deadly sins: gluttony and sloth.
→ 用来引出引言
Consider the words of Benjamin Franklin: “There never was a good war or a bad peace.”
→ 用来引出解释或者总结
Faith is like love: It cannot be forced.
The novel is clearly autobiographical: The author even gives his own name to the main character.
→ 写英文信件称呼后
Dear Sir or Madam: (用冒号是非常正式的,在美式商务英语中用得比较多,在英式英语或者不正式的信件中,可以用逗号)
常见的冒号使用错误整理:
→ Some important vitamins found in vegetables are: vitamin A, thiamine, niacin, and vitamin C.(这里不需要冒号,谓语和宾语或者谓语和补语之间不能用标点符号分开)
→ The NCAA regulates college athletic teams, including: basketball, baseball, softball, and football.(在 including, such as, for example 后面不要用分号)
以上就是关于英文论文中分号和冒号的用法,希望对大家有所帮助,正所谓细节决定成败,大家在英文论文写作中一定要避免出现这些细节错误,有则改之,无则加勉。
转自:http://www.51due.com/online-tutoring/writing-skills/sample67741.html