nginx的使用

1，nginx的目录结构

.
├── client_body_temp
├── conf                 #nginx所有配置文件的目录
│   ├── fastcgi.conf
│   ├── fastcgi.conf.default
│   ├── fastcgi_params
│   ├── fastcgi_params.default
│   ├── koi-utf
│   ├── koi-win
│   ├── mime.types
│   ├── mime.types.default
│   ├── nginx.conf        #nginx的主配置文件
│   ├── nginx.conf_bak
│   ├── nginx.conf.default
│   ├── scgi_params
│   ├── scgi_params.default
│   ├── uwsgi_params
│   ├── uwsgi_params.default
│   ├── vhosts
│   │   ├── default.conf   #不该有，由于我配置了zabbix所以有
│   │   └── zabbix.conf
│   └── win-utf
├── fastcgi_temp    #临时数据目录
├── html
│   ├── 1.php
│   ├── 50x.html
│   └── index.html
├── logs            #日志目录
│   ├── access.log
│   ├── error.log
│   ├── nginx_error.log
│   └── nginx.pid
├── proxy_temp      #临时目录
├── sbin            #nginx的命令的目录
│   ├── nginx
│   └── nginx.old
├── scgi_temp
└── uwsgi_temp

2配置文件讲解
安装好之后在没有配置的情况下，nginx的配置文件说明

简洁版：

worker_processes  1;
error_log  logs/error.log;
pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on
    keepalive_timeout  65;

      log_format main '$remote_addr $host $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
           '"$http_user_agent" "$http_accept_language" "$request_time" '
          '"$upstream_response_time" "$upstream_addr" "$upstream_status" "$http_x_real_ip" "$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for"';

  14 server {

        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
        
        
        server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.123.com;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
  }  
}  
main分区位于最上层--包含1-3行  核心功能模块
main下面包含events分区 ----5-7行 核心功能模块
main分区下面包含http分区在第九行
每个http分区可以包含一个或者多个server分区(14-24行)
每个server区中又可以有一个或者多个location区(17-20或者21-24)

详细版

#user  nobody;        #运行用户
worker_processes  1;  #nginx进程数，建议设置为等于CPU总核心数。

#error_log  logs/error.log;   #全局错误日志定义类型，[ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;   #进程文件


events {
    worker_connections  1024;  #每个work进程支持的最大进程数
}


http {
    include       mime.types;    #文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
    default_type  application/octet-stream; #默认文件类型

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main; #设定访问日志的日志记录格式

    sendfile        on;  #开启高效文件传输模式，sendfile指令指定nginx是否调用sendfile函数来输出文件，对于普通应用设为 on
    #tcp_nopush     on;  #激活tcp_nodelay，内核会等待将更多的字节组成一个数据包，从而提高I/O性能

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;  #连接超时时间，单位是秒

    #gzip  on;  #开启gzip压缩

    server {
        listen       80;   #侦听80端口
        server_name  localhost;  #提供服务的域名主机名

        #charset koi8-r;  #默认编码

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {      #第一个location区块开始
            root   html;  #站点根目录
            index  index.html index.htm;  默认首页文件
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;  #错误页面

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;  #出现对应的状态码的时候，使用50x.html回应
        location = /50x.html {      #location区块开始，访问50x.html
            root   html;
        }                          #http区块结束

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #对 "/" 启用反向代理
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #PHP 脚本请求全部转发到 FastCGI处理. 使用FastCGI默认配置.
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #第二个server模块，同上
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #配置web支持https服务
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;
    #证书
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}