python开发基础03-列表、元组、字典、集合操作方法汇总

列表

创建列表：

li = [1, 12, 9, "age", ["石振文", ["19", 10], "庞麦郎"], "alex", True]  # 通过list类创建的对象，li
列表可包含int str list list_in_list bool
列表元素，可以被修改 li[1] = 120  或切片修改  li[0:1] = [120,11]
嵌套取值  li[4][2][1] = 10

基本操作,列表类中提供的方法：

• 索引  print(li[3])
• 切片  print(li[3:-1])
• 追加 li.appent("David")
• 删除 del li[2:6]

• pop删除某个值(1.指定索引；2. 默认最后一个)，并获取删除的值
  # li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
  # v = li.pop()  
  # print(li)
  # print(v)
  
  # li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
  # v = li.pop(1)
  # print(li)
  # print(v)
  
  remove 删除列表中的指定值，左边优先
  # li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
  # li.remove(22)
  # print(li)
  # PS: pop remove del li[0]    del li[7:9]   clear

• 长度 len()
• 循环  for item in li:   while..
• 包含
• 清空 li.clear()
• 拷贝 li.copy()
• 计算元素出现次数 li.count("1")
• 插入 在指定索引位置插入元素 li.insert(2,"99")
• 扩展 li.extend([1,1,2,3])   

  # li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
  # li.append([9898,"不得了"])
  # [11, 22, 33, 22, 44, [9898, '不得了']]
  # 扩展原列表，参数：可迭代对象
  # li.extend([9898,"不得了"])
  # for i in [9898,"不得了"]:
  #     li.append(i)
  # [11, 22, 33, 22, 44, 9898, '不得了']
  #
  # li.extend("不得了")
  # print(li)

• 翻转 reverse()
• 排序 sort()

• #  将当前列表进行翻转
  # li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
  # li.reverse()
  # print(li)
  
  #  列表的排序
  # li = [11,44, 22, 33, 22]
  # li.sort()
  # li.sort(reverse=True)
  # print(li)
  ### 欠
  # cmp
  # key
  # sorted

class list(object):
    """
    list() -> new empty list
    list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
    """
    def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ L.append(object) -- append object to end """
        pass

    def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
        return 0

    def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ L.extend(iterable) -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """
        pass

    def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
        Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
        """
        return 0

    def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """
        pass

    def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
        Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
        """
        pass

    def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value.
        Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
        """
        pass

    def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """
        pass

    def sort(self, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*;
        cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1
        """
        pass

    def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
        pass

    def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """
        pass

    def __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """
        pass

    def __delslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        x.__delslice__(i, j) <==> del x[i:j]
                   
                   Use of negative indices is not supported.
        """
        pass

    def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """
        pass

    def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
        pass

    def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
        pass

    def __getslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
                   
                   Use of negative indices is not supported.
        """
        pass

    def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """
        pass

    def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """
        pass

    def __iadd__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__iadd__(y) <==> x+=y """
        pass

    def __imul__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__imul__(y) <==> x*=y """
        pass

    def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of list.__init__
        """
        list() -> new empty list
        list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
        # (copied from class doc)
        """
        pass

    def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """
        pass

    def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """
        pass

    def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """
        pass

    def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """
        pass

    def __mul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
        pass

    def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """
        pass

    def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
        pass

    def __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list """
        pass

    def __rmul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """
        pass

    def __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """
        pass

    def __setslice__(self, i, j, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        x.__setslice__(i, j, y) <==> x[i:j]=y
                   
                   Use  of negative indices is not supported.
        """
        pass

    def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes """
        pass

    __hash__ = None

 字符串--列表互相转换

# 字符串转换列表   li =  list("asdfasdfasdf"), 内部使用for循环
# s = "pouaskdfauspdfiajsdkfj"
# new_li = list(s)
# print(new_li)

# 列表转换成字符串，
# 需要自己写for循环一个一个处理： 既有数字又有字符串
# li = [11,22,33,"123","alex"]
# s = ""
# for i in li:
#     s = s + str(i)
# print(s)
# 直接使用字符串join方法：列表中的元素只有字符串
# li = ["123","alex"]
# v = "".join(li)
# print(v)

元组  有序

创建元组：

# 元组，元素不可被修改，不能被增加或者删除
# tuple
# tu = (11,22,33,44)
# tu.count(22),获取指定元素在元组中出现的次数

基本操作：

• 索引
• 切片
• 循环
• 长度
• 包含

####################################### 操作方法 #######################################
# 1. 书写格式
# tu = (111,"alex",(11,22),[(33,44)],True,33,44,)
# 一般写元组的时候，推荐在最后加入 ,
# 元素不可被修改，不能被增加或者删除
# 2. 索引
# v = tu[0]
# print(v)

# 3. 切片
# v = tu[0:2]
# print(v)

# 4. 可以被for循环，可迭代对象
# for item in tu:
#     print(item)

# 5. 转换
# s = "asdfasdf0"
# li = ["asdf","asdfasdf"]
# tu = ("asdf","asdf")
#
# v = tuple(s)
# print(v)

# v = tuple(li)
# print(v)

# v = list(tu)
# print(v)

# v = "_".join(tu)
# print(v)

# li = ["asdf","asdfasdf"]
# li.extend((11,22,33,))
# print(li)

# 6.元组的一级元素不可修改/删除/增加
# tu = (111,"alex",(11,22),[(33,44)],True,33,44,)
# # 元组，有序。
# # v = tu[3][0][0]
# # print(v)
# # v=tu[3]
# # print(v)
# tu[3][0] = 567
## print(tu)

#以10作为开始序号，依次输出序号和对应值
tu = ('alex', 'eric', 'rain')
for idx, elem in enumerate(tu, 10):
    print(idx, elem)

lass tuple(object):
    """
    tuple() -> empty tuple
    tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items
    
    If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
    """
    def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
        return 0

    def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
        Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
        """
        return 0

    def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
        pass

    def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """
        pass

    def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """
        pass

    def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
        pass

    def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
        pass

    def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        pass

    def __getslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
                   
                   Use of negative indices is not supported.
        """
        pass

    def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """
        pass

    def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """
        pass

    def __hash__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
        pass

    def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__
        """
        tuple() -> empty tuple
        tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items
        
        If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
        # (copied from class doc)
        """
        pass

    def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """
        pass

    def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """
        pass

    def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """
        pass

    def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """
        pass

    def __mul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
        pass

    def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """
        pass

    def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
        pass

    def __rmul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """
        pass

    def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ T.__sizeof__() -- size of T in memory, in bytes """
        pass

tuple

字典（无序）

创建字典：

 # dict

# dic = {
#     "k1": 'v1',
#     "k2": 'v2'
# }

常用操作：

• 索引
• 新增
• 删除
• 键、值、键值对  dict.keys()  dict.values()  dict.items()
• 循环
• 长度

# 1 根据序列，创建字典，并指定统一的值
# v = dict.fromkeys(["k1",123,"999"],123)
# print(v)

# 2 根据Key获取值，key不存在时，可以指定默认值（None）
# v = dic['k11111']
# print(v)
# v = dic.get('k1',111111)
# print(v)

# 3 删除并获取值
# dic = {
#     "k1": 'v1',
#     "k2": 'v2'
# }
# v = dic.pop('k1',90)
# print(dic,v)
# k,v = dic.popitem()  #随机删除键值对，返回对应值
# print(dic,k,v)

# 4 设置值，
# 已存在，不设置，获取当前key对应的值
# 不存在，设置，获取当前key对应的值
# dic = {
#     "k1": 'v1',
#     "k2": 'v2'
# }
# v = dic.setdefault('k1111','123')
# print(dic,v)

# 5 更新
# dic = {
#     "k1": 'v1',
#     "k2": 'v2'
# }
# dic.update({'k1': '111111','k3': 123})  已存在的覆盖，不存在的key更新上
# print(dic)
# dic.update(k1=123,k3=345,k5="asdf")
# print(dic)

# 最常用的有： 6 keys()  7 values()   8 items()   get   update

# 1、基本机构
# info = {
#     "k1": "v1", # 键值对
#     "k2": "v2"
# }
#### 2 字典的value可以是任何值
# info = {
#     "k1": 18,
#     "k2": True,
#     "k3": [
#         11,
#         [],
#         (),
#         22,
#         33,
#         {
#             'kk1': 'vv1',
#             'kk2': 'vv2',
#             'kk3': (11,22),
#         }
#     ],
#     "k4": (11,22,33,44)
# }
# print(info)

####  3 列表、字典不能作为字典的key
# info ={
#     1: 'asdf',
#     "k1": 'asdf',
#     True: "123",
#     # [11,22]: 123
#     (11,22): 123,
#     # {'k1':'v1'}: 123
#
# }
# print(info)

# 4 字典无序

# info = {
#     "k1": 18,
#     "k2": True,
#     "k3": [
#         11,
#         [],
#         (),
#         22,
#         33,
#         {
#             'kk1': 'vv1',
#             'kk2': 'vv2',
#             'kk3': (11,22),
#         }
#     ],
#     "k4": (11,22,33,44)
# }
# print(info)

# 5、索引方式找到指定元素
# info = {
#     "k1": 18,
#     2: True,
#     "k3": [
#         11,
#         [],
#         (),
#         22,
#         33,
#         {
#             'kk1': 'vv1',
#             'kk2': 'vv2',
#             'kk3': (11,22),
#         }
#     ],
#     "k4": (11,22,33,44)
# }
# # v = info['k1']
# # print(v)
# # v = info[2]
# # print(v)
# v = info['k3'][5]['kk3'][0]
# print(v)

# 6 字典支持 del 删除
# info = {
#     "k1": 18,
#     2: True,
#     "k3": [
#         11,
#         [],
#         (),
#         22,
#         33,
#         {
#             'kk1': 'vv1',
#             'kk2': 'vv2',
#             'kk3': (11,22),
#         }
#     ],
#     "k4": (11,22,33,44)
# }
# del info['k1']
#
# del info['k3'][5]['kk1']
# print(info)

# 7 for循环
# dict
# info = {
#     "k1": 18,
#     2: True,
#     "k3": [
#         11,
#         [],
#         (),
#         22,
#         33,
#         {
#             'kk1': 'vv1',
#             'kk2': 'vv2',
#             'kk3': (11,22),
#         }
#     ],
#     "k4": (11,22,33,44)
# }
# for item in info:
#     print(item)
#
# for item in info.keys():
#     print(item)

# for item in info.values():
#     print(item)

# for item in info.keys():
#     print(item,info[item])

# for k,v in info.items():
#     print(k,v)

# True 1  False 0
# info ={
#     "k1": 'asdf',
#     True: "123",
#     # [11,22]: 123
#     (11,22): 123,
#     # {'k1':' v1'}: 123
#
# }
# print(info)

class dict(object):
    """
    dict() -> new empty dictionary
    dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
        (key, value) pairs
    dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
        d = {}
        for k, v in iterable:
            d[k] = v
    dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
        in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
    """

    def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ 清除内容 """
        """ D.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from D. """
        pass

    def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ 浅拷贝 """
        """ D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case
    def fromkeys(S, v=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        dict.fromkeys(S[,v]) -> New dict with keys from S and values equal to v.
        v defaults to None.
        """
        pass

    def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ 根据key获取值，d是默认值 """
        """ D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d.  d defaults to None. """
        pass

    def has_key(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ 是否有key """
        """ D.has_key(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """
        return False

    def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ 所有项的列表形式 """
        """ D.items() -> list of D's (key, value) pairs, as 2-tuples """
        return []

    def iteritems(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ 项可迭代 """
        """ D.iteritems() -> an iterator over the (key, value) items of D """
        pass

    def iterkeys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ key可迭代 """
        """ D.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys of D """
        pass

    def itervalues(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ value可迭代 """
        """ D.itervalues() -> an iterator over the values of D """
        pass

    def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ 所有的key列表 """
        """ D.keys() -> list of D's keys """
        return []

    def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ 获取并在字典中移除 """
        """
        D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
        If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
        """
        pass

    def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ 获取并在字典中移除 """
        """
        D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
        2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
        """
        pass

    def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ 如果key不存在，则创建，如果存在，则返回已存在的值且不修改 """
        """ D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """
        pass

    def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update
        """ 更新
            {'name':'alex', 'age': 18000}
            [('name','sbsbsb'),]
        """
        """
        D.update([E, ]**F) -> None.  Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
        If E present and has a .keys() method, does:     for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
        If E present and lacks .keys() method, does:     for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v
        In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]
        """
        pass

    def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ 所有的值 """
        """ D.values() -> list of D's values """
        return []

    def viewitems(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ 所有项，只是将内容保存至view对象中 """
        """ D.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items """
        pass

    def viewkeys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys """
        pass

    def viewvalues(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on D's values """
        pass

    def __cmp__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """
        pass

    def __contains__(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.__contains__(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """
        return False

    def __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """
        pass

    def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """
        pass

    def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
        pass

    def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
        pass

    def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """
        pass

    def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """
        pass

    def __init__(self, seq=None, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__
        """
        dict() -> new empty dictionary
        dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
            (key, value) pairs
        dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
            d = {}
            for k, v in iterable:
                d[k] = v
        dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
            in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
        # (copied from class doc)
        """
        pass

    def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """
        pass

    def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """
        pass

    def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """
        pass

    def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
        pass

    def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """
        pass

    def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
        pass

    def __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """
        pass

    def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes """
        pass

    __hash__ = None

dict

数字 字符串 列表 元组  字典 bool整理总结

#######################　整理 #################

# 一、数字
# int(..)
# 二、字符串
# replace/find/join/strip/startswith/split/upper/lower/format
# tempalte = "i am {name}, age : {age}"
# # v = tempalte.format(name='alex',age=19)
# v = tempalte.format(**{"name": 'alex','age': 19})
# print(v)
# 三、列表
# append、extend、insert
# 索引、切片、循环
# 四、元组
# 忽略
# 索引、切片、循环         以及元素不能被修改
# 五、字典
# get/update/keys/values/items
# for,索引

# dic = {
#     "k1": 'v1'
# }

# v = "k1" in dic
# print(v)

# v = "v1" in dic.values()
# print(v)
# 六、布尔值
# 0 1
# bool(...)
# None ""  () []  {} 0 ==> False

集合（无序）

见：PYTHON3集合