1、升级默认安装包
apt-get update或yum update all
2、检查磁盘，格式化
df -h #查看挂载情况
fdisk -l #查看所有磁盘，没有使用的磁盘需要先格式化
fdisk /dev/sdb #格式化/dev/sdb磁盘
mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb #给/dev/sdb创建文件系统，这里是ext3的文件系统
mkdir /data && mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb /data #创建一个目录，将磁盘挂载到这个目录上
vim /etc/fstab #编辑/etc/fstab，设置开机磁盘自动挂载，保存后，一定要测试能不能挂载成功，先确定卸载（umount)，再执行mount -a，如果没有报错，成功挂载了，就没有问题
/dev/sdb /data ext3 defaults 0 0
3、检查系统时间
date
cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
echo “export TZ='Asia/Shanghai' ” >> ~/.bashrc && source ~/.bashrc
date -s “xxxx/xx/xx 14:00:00”
4、检查系统语言环境
echo $LANG
vim /etc/sysconfig/i18n (centos)
LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"
vim /etc/default/locale (ubuntu)
LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"
5、检查ulimit
ulimit -a #显示当前的各种用户进程限制
ulimit -c unlimited #设置core文件的最大值
ulimit -SHn 100001 #-n 每个进程可以打开的最大文件数；-S 给指定资源设置软极限
vim /etc/profile
ulimit -c unlimited
ulimit -SHn 100001
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
@users soft nofile 102400
@users hard nofile 102400
@root soft nofile 102400
@root hard nofile 102400
vim /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
6、检查防火墙和selinux
chkconfig iptables on
setenforce 0
vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
service iptables restart
ufw enable
ufw allow xxxx
7、设置内核参数(sysctl -p 生效)
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 12000 65535
vm.swappiness = 10
8、重启服务器，检查之前改的有没有生效或者遗漏